基层卫生院如何做好健康教育

<正>健康教育是通过有计划、有组织、有系统的社会教育活动,促使人们自觉地采纳有益于健康的行为和生活方式,消除或减轻影响健康的危险因素,预防疾病,促进健康,提高生活质量。健康教育的核心是教育人们树立健康意识、促使人们改变不健康的行为生活方式,养成良好的行为生活习惯,以降低或消除影响健康的危险因素。通过健康教育,能帮助人们了解哪些行为是影响健康的,并能自觉地选择有益于健康的行为生活方式。现就如何做好     

团队健康管理模式及路径探讨

通过对团队职员建立恰当的、行之有效的健康管理路径和方法,可以对整个团队员工的健康风险进行全面控制,改变既往的重体检、轻干预的局面,提高员工健康的知晓率,使员工逐渐掌握健康生活方式、合理的饮食方法、有效的运动方式,最终达到自我健康管理的目的,降低团队慢性病发病率、医疗风险、医疗卫生支出,提高整个团队的工作效率。     

对构建大型企业健康管理模式的探讨

健康管理是针对个人或人群的健康危险因素进行全面检测、分析、评估以及预测和预防的全过程。它有别于传统医学模式的理念,将疾病的事后治疗转为事前预防,可以有效降低个人或群体的健康风险,降低医疗资源的浪费,增加现代人的健康寿命和生活质量。企业作为劳动力的集合单位,有开展健康管理的组织优势和先天条件,推行健康管理的新模式有助于企业储备健康人力资本,提高劳动力,降低人力资源损失,减少医疗费用支出。更重要的是改善员工的健康状况,发现潜在危险因素,提供必要健康干预措施及医疗保健措施,提高员工的身心健康水平。     

浅谈健康教育在口岸卫生检疫工作中的应用

健康教育的核心是教育人们树立健康意识、促使人们改变不健康的行为生活方式,养成良好的行为生活方式,以降低或消除影响健康的危险因素。通过健康教育,能帮助人们了解哪些行为是影响健康的,并能自觉地选择有益于健康的行为生活方式[1]。有研究表明,1元的预防经费投入可以节省十几元甚至几十元的疾病治疗支出[2]。     

健康生活方式与糖尿病前期人群糖尿病发病关系的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨健康生活方式对糖尿病前期人群糖尿病发病风险的影响,为糖尿病前期人群的生活方式干预提供参考依据。方法 数据来源于贵州省自然人群队列研究。组合分析9种健康生活方式对糖尿病发病的影响,采用SPSS 26.0对数据进行χ2检验、单因素方差分析、Cox风险回归模型分析及分位数回归模型分析。结果 单种健康生活方式与糖尿病发病关联分析显示,烹调油摄入≤30 g/d、18.5≤BMI＜24 kg/m2能有效降低糖尿病发病风险,HR分别为0.500（95%CI:0.335～0.747）、0.420（95%CI:0.290～0.610）,未发现其他生活方式与糖尿病的发病相关。多种健康生活方式组合分析显示与0～3种相比,保持6种、7种及以上健康生活方式的人群发生糖尿病的风险分别为HR = 0.478（95%CI:0.239～0.956）、HR = 0.282（95%CI:0.108～0.737）。分位数回归结果显示,与0～3种健康生活方式相比,健康生活方式为4/5种以上,能降低0.9分位点的空腹血糖/OGTT 2 h血糖值;当健康生活方式达7种以上,能降低0.3～0.9分位点的血糖值,且分位水平越高,降低的血糖值越多。结论 健康生活方式能有效降低糖尿病前期人群血糖水平,且健康生活方式种类越多,糖尿病发病的风险越小。     

高血压危险因素及健康教育对策

随着人民生活水平的提高和社会环境的变化,我国高血压的患病率、发病率、死亡率持续上升,现已成为我国最大的流行病之一。对高血压的危险因素进行调查,了解生活方式对高血压发病的影响,通过健康教育方法使患者和家属认识高血压的危险因素。通过生活方式的改变,积极减少和消除危险因素,从而可以有效降低高血压的发病率。本文就高血压危险因素及健康教育对策作一探讨。     

健康教育对骨科手术病人的影响

随着护理模式的转变，系统化整体护理的临床应用，骨科病人围手术期护理得到了临床的重视。健康教育是实施骨科病人围手术期护理的重要环节，健康教育是通过有计划、有组织、有系统社会性的教育活动，促进人们自觉地采纳有益于健康的行为和生活方式，消除或降低危险因素预防疾病，促进健康，降低病残和死亡率，提高生活质量。     

浅议骨科病人健康教育

健康教育是通过有计划、有组织、有系统、社会性的教育活动，促进人们自觉地采纳有益于健康的行为。消除或降低危险因素。预防疾病促进健康。降低伤残率和死亡率。提高生活质量。     

同伴教育在学校健康教育中的运用

健康教育是通过有计划、有组织、有系统的社会和教育活动,促使人们自觉地采纳有益于健康的行为和生活方式,消除或减轻影响健康的危险因素,预防疾病、促进健康和提高生活质量.健康教育的核心是积极引导人们树立健康意识,养成良好的行为和生活方式[1].     

影响健康教育知、信、行效应因素的探讨

健康教育是通过有计划、有组织、有系统的教育活动 ,向社会人群提供健康知识信息 ,在促使人们自觉接受健康知识的基础上 ,增强人们对健康知识可信度 ,从而影响人们的行为 ,纠正不良生活习惯和方式 ,消除或降低危害因素 ,降低发病率、伤残率和死亡率 ,提高生活质量。因此 ,在评价健康教育效果时 ,常从知、信、行三个方面来分析评估。健康教育最终效果受到多种因素干扰和影响 ,现探讨分析如下。促进因素1 政府政策的支持作用　我国政府将健康教育列为提高全民素质的重要组成部分。将健康教育列入初级卫生保健、创建卫生城市、社区卫生服务等…     

白领健康促进生活方式与心理健康关系研究

目的了解白领心理健康状况及健康行为水平,探讨生活方式与心理健康的相互关系,为促进健康生活方式,提高白领心理健康水平提供依据。方法应用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、健康促进生活方式量表对2009年1-5月在我院体检门诊进行健康体检的白领人员共400人进行问卷调查。按SCL-90量表筛查结果进行分组比较,分析健康促进生活方式对心理健康的影响。结果 SCL-90总分筛查阳性的人数占11.2%。各因子分筛查阳性的比例在2.46%-9.56%,各因子中抑郁因子的阳性率居首位,其次为人际关系因子。强迫行为因子阳性组压力处置行为得分低于正常组,人际关系因子阳性组运动行为得分低于正常组,抑郁因子阳性组健康促进生活方式量表总分及六个维度得分均低于正常组,差异有统计学意义。结论健康促进生活方式可促进白领心理健康;健康促进生活方式中,良好的运动行为和压力处置方法对心理健康具有重要作用。     

合肥市某机构近5年职工健康体检结果分析及健康干预对策

目的通过对合肥市某机构近5年来职工健康体检状况的综合分析,探寻危害职工健康的主要因素,为实施相应的健康干预对策提供依据。方法收集近5年职工体检报告,分析体检指标年度变化趋势和异常指标在不同年龄职工分布情况。结果 5年来职工相关指标异常由高到低依次为:高血脂16.49%、脂肪肝12.07%、高胆固醇7.66%、高尿酸6.77%、高血糖4.57%、心电图异常4.42%。高血脂、脂肪肝、高血糖检出率呈逐年上升趋势;除心电图异常外,高血脂、脂肪肝、高胆固醇、高尿酸、高血糖以35岁以上职工检出率最高。结论慢性生活方式疾病危险因素是影响职工当前和未来健康的主要危害因素,加强健康生活方式指导,改变不良的生活方式行为,是提高职工身心健康水平的方法和主要干预对策。     

Cardiovascular Health Status and Health Risk Assessment Method of Preference Among Worksite Employees

We investigated whether employees (n = 62) selecting a self-report Health Risk Assessment (HRA) would be at increased CVD risk compared to employees (n = 114) choosing an HRA with measurement of cardiovascular (CVD) health indicators. Participants were mostly middle-aged (44.1 ± 0.8 yr) men (71.6%) displaying borderline features of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Although there were no significant differences between the groups regarding their measured CVD health status or self-reported lifestyle habits, employees in both groups consistently over-stated their level of cardiovascular health. Contrary to reports in the literature, cardiovascular health status did not appear to influence employee HRA method of preference.Editors' Strategic Implications: These findings await replication in other samples, both more diverse and less self-selected. Nonetheless, the authors' methods and their conclusions about workers' over-estimation of their health and the lack of differences across assessment methods will be useful to employers, health professionals, and all practitioners with an interest in health risk assessments.     

Relationship between lifestyle and change of cardiovascular risk factors based on a five-year follow-up of employees in Japan

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between lifestyle and change of cardiovascular risk factors based on a five-year follow up. The subjects were 307 employees participating in annual health check-ups in Tokyo, Japan from 1998 to 2003. Personal health check-up data were collected on their systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting serum glucose (FSG), uric acid (UA), body mass index (BMI), questionnaire on medication history and Breslow's lifestyle. Over five years, cardiovascular risk factors such as SBP/DBP, TC, TG, FBG, UA and BMI have become worse; however, some of these risk factors were significantly different after 5 yr among lifestyle groups. TG in the poor lifestyle group was significantly higher than in good or moderate lifestyle groups after adjusting for age in men. In women, SBP and BMI in poor lifestyle group were significantly higher than those in good or moderate lifestyle groups after adjusting for age and baseline values. These results show that aging is the major influencing factor of cardiovascular risk factor deterioration. At the same time, lifestyle conditions are related to changes in some cardiovascular risk factors among Japanese employees.     

Bone health in men: influencing factors

OBJECTIVE: To describe osteoporosis health beliefs, osteoporosis risk factors, and lifestyle habits that affect bone health in men. METHODS: Data were collected from 272 men using the Bone Health in Men questionnaire. RESULTS: The majority of participants reported that they were unlikely to develop osteoporosis, that osteoporosis in men is less serious than in women, and that osteoporosis is preventable. Few osteoporosis risk factors were reported. The lifestyle habits reported were below the suggested recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing men's awareness of osteoporosis risk factors, changing their beliefs, and encouraging them to adopt healthy lifestyle habits are necessary strategies to promote bone health.     

Health and lifestyle survey: community's attitudes to health and barriers toward lifestyle change

The study was carried out in Alexandria City. A household cluster sample survey was conducted. The total sample was 300 subjects. The objectives of this work were to assess the community's attitude of specific health issues, examine the relationship between subjects' determined level of risk and their beliefs about and desire to modify smoking, current diet and level of exercise as well as to portray the possible barriers to adopting healthier lifestyle. The survey results revealed that generally the community reflects positive attitude to health that was significantly associated with younger age, higher educational and occupational levels and absence of risk factors. The significant predictors of subjects' perception of the health risk of current diet were smoking, obesity, high dietary fat intake and physical inactivity. All the studied risk factors were found to be significant predictors of the subjects' attempt to change their current diet. In investigating the main barriers to diet change, subjects' lack of knowledge on how to make their diet healthy topped the list, while lack of will power topped the list of barriers against quitting smoking. Pressure of time was stated first as a barrier against changing subjects' exercise level. Further researches of this type are required to yield detailed information for the whole nation to guide for health and lifestyle intervention strategies.     

Clustering of lifestyle risk factors in a general adult population

BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to evaluate the degree of clustering of common lifestyle risk factors in a general adult population and to define subgroups with elevated clustering. METHODS: Data on lifestyle risk factors (smoking, low vegetable and fruit consumption, excessive alcohol intake, and low physical activity), sociodemographics, and health perception were collected by questionnaire from 16,789 men and women aged 20 to 59. RESULTS: About 20% of the subjects had at least three lifestyle risk factors. Prevalence of risk factors was higher among unemployed, low-educated subjects and those who had experienced health deterioration. All lifestyle risk factors showed significant clustering, except for low physical activity and excessive alcohol consumption. The strongest association was observed for alcohol and smoking (prevalence odds ratio (POR): 2.38; 95% confidence interval: 2.18-2.61). Clustering of smoking and alcohol consumption was strongest among the young subjects (POR: 3.78) and, although moderately, clustering of lifestyle risk factors was elevated in subjects who had experienced a deterioration in health. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that common lifestyle risk factors cluster among adult subjects. The tendency for risk factors to aggregate has important implications for health promotion. Information on high-risk groups will help in planning future preventive strategies.     

2019年上海市某社区外来服务业从业人员健康素养水平及影响因素分析

目的:了解上海市外来服务业从业人员健康素养水平及影响因素,为健康促进干预工作提供依据。方法:采用《中国公民健康素养》调查问卷,以530名办理健康证的外来服务业从业人员作为调查对象。结果:2019年上海市外来服务业从业人员健康素养具备率为15.1%。基本知识和理念、健康生活方式和行为和健康技能素养具备率分别为19.8%、7.3%和42.7%;科学健康观、传染病防治、慢性病防治、安全与急救、基本医疗和健康信息素养具备率依次为56.6%、15.9%、14.1%、56.8%、16.3%和28.9%;多因素logistic回归分析显示,文化程度是影响健康素养的主要因素,OR=2.202,95%CI(1.533,3.164)。结论:上海市外来服务业从业人员健康素养水平较低,文化程度较低的外来服务业从业人员是健康促进的重点干预对象。     

The long-term impact of Johnson & Johnson's Health & Wellness Program on employee health risks

To be viewed as successful, corporate health promotion and disease prevention programs must demonstrate that they can improve the risk profile of employees as a whole, and, in particular, those employees at highest risk. This study reports the effectiveness of Johnson & Johnson's newly configured Health & Wellness Program in reducing the health risks of 4586 employees who participated in two serial health screening programs, with a minimum of 1 year between screenings. The study also examines the impact of participation in a high-risk intervention program called Pathways to Change on health risk factors. McNemar chi-squared and z-test statistics were used to evaluate changes in health risks over time. Results indicate significant risk reduction in 8 of 13 risk categories examined for all employees who participated in two health risk assessments over an average of 2 3/4 years. When comparing Pathways to Change participants with non-participants, participants outperformed their non-participant counterparts in six categories but performed worse in five other categories that were not specifically targeted by the high-risk program. In two categories, no differences were found. The study underscores the ability of large-scale, well-attended, and comprehensive corporate health and productivity management programs to positively impact the health and well-being of workers.