Effect of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos exposure on oxidative stress and quality of Salmo coruhensis spermatozoa

The use of pesticides has been increasing along with increasing farming activities and has caused deleterious environmental impacts. Non-target organisms in particular, including fish, are affected by pesticides. In this work, the impacts of Chlorpyrifos (CPF) on sperm oxidative stress markers and sperm motility were investigated in vitro. CPF concentrations were 0?μg/L (control), 5?μg/L, 10?μg/L and 15?μg/L. Lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)], nonenzymatic antioxidants [glutathione (GSH)] and enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT)] activities in sperm cells were examined for the determination of oxidative stress status. Our findings showed that motility and survival of sperm cells significantly decreased with exposure to Chlorpyrifos. Biochemical assays revealed that CAT activity and levels of MDA and, GSH increased in spermatozoa based on CPF concentration while activity of GSH-Px and SOD decreased. Consequently, spermatozoa were highly sensitive to CPF exposure. It can be deduced that CPF has the potential to disrupt sperm quality and to cause to oxidative stress in sperm cells of S. coruhensis.     

Changes in antioxidant defense systems induced by thiram in V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts.

The role of antioxidant defence systems in protection against oxidative damage of lipids and proteins induced by fungicide thiram during in vitro exposure was investigated in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells with normal, depleted, and elevated glutathione (GSH) levels. We analyzed the catalytic activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2), Se-dependent and Se-independent glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT), as well as total glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio (GSH(total)/GSSG). Thiram treatment resulted in an increase in activities of SOD1, Se-dependent GSH-Px, and GR at the highest tested dose (150 microM). On the contrary, inhibition of CAT and Se-independent GSH-Px activities, and no significant changes in the level of SOD2 activity was observed at any tested doses (100-150 microM). GSH(total)/GSSG ratio in the 100 microM thiram treated cells was not significantly changed comparing to the control, despite significant decrease of GSH total (50%). In 150 microM thiram treated cells the ratio falls to 43% of control value. Pretreatment with l-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, significantly enhanced decrease in CAT and Se-independent GSH-Px activities, as well as GSH(total)/GSSG ratio, and reduced Se-dependent GSH-Px activity, following exposure to thiram. Simultaneously, L-BSO pretreatment enhanced increase in SOD1 activity, and had no effect on SOD2, following thiram exposure. Pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor, prevented enzymatic changes in CAT, Se-dependent GSH-Px, GR, SOD1 activities, and significantly decreased SOD2 activity following exposure to thiram. GSH(total)/GSSG ratio was restored to the control value. This study suggests that following the changes in antioxidant defense systems thiram can act through the production of free radicals.     

葛根素在减轻创伤性脑损伤氧化应激反应中的作用

目的：探究葛根素是否能有效减轻创伤性脑损伤（TBI）中的氧化应激反应。方法选择成年雄性 SD大鼠60只构建 TBI 模型并随机平分为模型组,假手术组及葛根素给药组（给药组）,每组20只。检测3组大鼠在不同时间点氧化应激相关指标[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）]活性及含量变化。结果氧化应激相关指标检测中,给药组与模型组比较,其中第3、7天 SOD、CAT 活性以及 MDA、NO 含量与同时间点模型组比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。用药组与模型组比较,均能不同程度升高GSH 含量及 GSH－Px 活性（ P ＜0．05）,其中给药组第3天及第7天 GSH 含量及 GSH－Px 活性较同时间点模型组比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论根据对不同氧化应激指标检测所得结果可以看出葛根素可有效减轻创伤性脑损伤所带来的氧化应激损伤。     

Protective effect of Cyclea peltata Lam on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the protective effect of a 70% methanolic leaf extract of Cyclea peltata Lam on cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. The concentration of creatinine, urea, sodium, and potassium in serum and levels of malonyldyaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), as well as gluathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in kidney tissue. The marked cisplatin-induced renal damage, characterized by a significant increase in creatinine and urea levels, decreased in extract-treated group, whereas sodium and potassium levels did not change significantly. C. peltata Lam extract significantly changed the increased MDA level and decreased GSH levels found in rats treated with cisplatin alone. The reduced activities of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT in groups treated with cisplatin alone were significantly increased by the extract. The protective effect was greater in the post-treated than in the pre-treated group of animals. The results indicate that the post-treatment of C. peltata Lam extract might effectively ameliorate the oxidative stress parameters observed in cisplatin induced renal toxicity and could be used as a natural antioxidant against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress.     

葛根素对青光眼视网膜氧化应激损伤的保护作用

【摘要】目的研究葛根素对青光眼视网膜氧化应激损伤的保护作用。方法24只健康雄性成年家兔随机分为对照组、模型组及治疗组,每组8只。将2.5%羟丙基甲基纤维素溶液0.2mL注入家兔前房内,制作模型组及治疗组兔青光眼模型,治疗组家兔腹腔注射葛根素10mL/kg,每日1次,共21d。模型建立后第4周,测定视网膜抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,检测抗氧化物质谷胱甘肽含量及氧化还原状态和丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）含量。结果模型组视网膜抗氧化酶SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和GSH/氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）均低于对照组,GSSG、MDA和NO含量高于对照组;治疗组视网膜上述抗氧化酶活性、GSH含量、GSH/GSSG均高于模型组,但低于对照组;GSSG、MDA和NO含量均低于模型组,GSSG含量与对照组差异无统计学意义。结论葛根素可以在一定程度上增强抗氧化酶活性及维持谷胱甘肽氧化还原状态,从而减轻青光眼视网膜的氧化应激损伤。      

The protective role of ferulic acid on sepsis-induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats

Oxidative stress has an important role in the development of sepsis-induced multiorgan failure. Ferulic acid (FA), a well-established natural antioxidant, has several pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer and hepatoprotective. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FA on sepsis-induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats. Sepsis-induced DNA damage in the lymphocytes, liver and kidney cells of rats were evaluated by comet assay with and without formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg). The oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured. It is found that DNA damage in sepsis + FA-treated group was significantly lower than the sepsis group. FA treatment also decreased the MDA levels and increased the GSH levels and SOD and GSH-Px activities in the sepsis-induced rats. It seems that FA might have ameliorative effects against sepsis-induced oxidative damage.     

荠苧黄酮对低压低氧小鼠心肌组织损伤的改善作用与机制研究

目的:研究荠苧黄酮对低压低氧小鼠心肌组织损伤的改善作用与机制.方法:将60只小鼠随机分为正常对照组、缺氧模型组、芦丁组和荠苧黄酮组,连续灌胃(ig)给药5 d,最后1次给药后,在模拟海拔8 000 m 环境停留12h,测定血清中肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrog...     

Protective effect of lycopene on gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats

A potential therapeutic approach to protect or reverse gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity would have more importance for clinical consequences. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible protective effects of lycopene against gentamicin-induced renal damage in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of six rats in each one; first group served as control. The other groups were treated intraperitoneally with gentamicin alone (100 mg kg(-1) per day) for six successive days, gentamicin for 6 days following 10 days of orally lycopene (4 mg kg(-1) per day) pre-treatment and 6-days of simultaneous lycopene and gentamicin. Biochemical and histopathological examinations were utilized for evaluation of the oxidative stress and renal nephrotoxicity. Creatinine, urea, Na(+) and K(+) levels in plasma and malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in kidney tissue. Administration of gentamicin to rats induced a marked renal failure, characterized by a significant increase in plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. The animals treated with gentamicin alone showed a significantly higher kidney MDA and lower GSH-Px and CAT activities but unaffected GSH concentrations when compared with the control group. Pre-treatment with lycopene produced amelioration in biochemical indices of nephrotoxicity in plasma. However, little changes were observed in the kidney MDA and GSH levels and GSH-Px and CAT activities when compared with the gentamicin treated group. The histological structures of the renal proximal tubules showed similar patterns. On the other hand, administration of simultaneous lycopene to rats produced amelioration in MDA and GSH levels and GSH-Px and CAT activities when compared with gentamicin group. In addition, simultaneous lycopene was found to reduce the degree of kidney tissue damage in histopathological findings. These results indicate that specially simultaneous treatment of lycopene might have produced amelioration in biochemical indices and oxidative stress parameters against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, but pre-treatments with lycopene had no beneficial effects on these parameters. It was concluded that lycopene as a novel natural antioxidant might have protective effects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats.     

Carnosic acid attenuates renal injury in an experimental model of rat cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

Nephrotoxicity is one of the serious dose limiting side effects of cisplatin when used in the treatment of various malignant conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress caused by free radicals and apoptosis of renal cells contributes to the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Present study was aimed to explore the effect of carnosic acid, a potent antioxidant, against cisplatin induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats. A single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg) caused marked renal damage, characterized by a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and relative weight of kidney with higher kidney MDA (malondialdehyde), tROS (total reactive oxygen species), caspase 3, GSH (reduced glutathione) levels and lowered tissue nitrite, SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase), GR (glutathione reductase) and GST (glutathione S-transferase) levels compared to normal control. Carnosic acid treatment significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the increase in lipid peroxidation, caspase-3 and ROS generation and enhanced the levels of reduced glutathione, tissue nitrite level and activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR and GST compared to cisplatin control. The present study demonstrates that carnosic acid has a protective effect on cisplatin induced experimental nephrotoxicity and is attributed to its potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.     

4-Methylthiobenzoic Acid Protection against Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: Antioxidant System

This study investigates the changes in renal antioxidant systemafter cisplatin administration and the nephroprotection with4-methylthiobenzoic acid (MTBA). Male Wistar rats were injectedwith (1) vehicle control, (2) cisplatin, (3) MTBA, and (4) cisplatinplus MTBA. Rats were euthenized 3 days post-treatment and kidneywas isolated and analyzed for platinum concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH and GSSG), superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).Plasma creatinine increased 508% following cisplatin administrationalone, which decreased to 189% with MTBA. Cisplatin-treatedrats showed a depletion of renal GSH levels (53%), while cisplatinplus MTBA-injected rats had GSH values close to those of thecontrols. SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities decreased 36, 29,and 38%, respectively, and MDA levels increased 212% followingcisplatin administration, which were restored to control levelsafter MTBA treatment. The renal platinum level depleted significantlywith MTBA treatment. The data suggest that cisplatin nephrotoxicityis mediated by depletion in GSH concentration and by impairedactivities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, increased lipid peroxidation,and plasma creatinine levels. The protection offered by MTBAagainst cisplatin nephrotoxicity is related to the reductionin plasma creatinine levels, prevention of GSH depletion andlipid peroxidation, and restoring antioxidant enzyme activityin the kidneys of rats.     

Toxicity and oxidative stress induced by T-2 toxin in cultured mouse Leydig cells

To explore the toxic mechanism of T-2 toxin on Leydig cells of mice, we would investigate the toxicity and oxidative stress induced by T-2 toxin in the cells. Leydig cells were isolated and cultured with control or T-2 toxin (10^?7 M, 10^?8 M, or 10^?9 M) for 24?h, then cells and supernatants were harvested to examine cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities, expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) related to oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and DNA damage. The cell viability was evaluated in mouse Leydig cells by MTT assay, MDA content and SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were measured by routine kits, expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA damage was investigated by comet assay. Leydig cells treated with T-2 toxin showed significant reductions in cell viability, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress, and remarkable increases in MDA content and levels of DNA damage. This study proves that T-2 toxin is toxic to Leydig cells of mice. Furthermore, oxidative stress plays an important role in the above-mentioned negative effects of T-2 toxin.     

L-carnitine ameliorates oxidative damage due to chronic renal failure in rats

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species. L-Carnitine is a cofactor required for transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. Recent research has shown that some clinical conditions (i.e., anorexia, chronic fatigue, coronary heart disease, diphtheria, hypoglycemia, and male infertility) benefit from exogenous supplementation of L-carnitine. The aim of this study was to examine the role of L-carnitine in protecting the aorta, heart, corpus cavernosum, and kidney tissues against oxidative damage in a rat model of CRF. Male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to either the CRF group or the sham-operated control group, which had received saline or L-carnitine (500 mg/kg, i.p.) for 4 weeks. CRF was evaluated by BUN and serum creatinine measurements. Aorta and corporeal tissues were used for contractility studies or stored along with heart and kidney tissues for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Plasma MDA, GSH levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were also studied. In the CRF group, the contraction and the relaxation of aorta and corpus cavernosum samples decreased significantly compared with controls and were partially reversed by L-carnitine treatment. In the CRF group, there were significant increases in tissue MDA with marked reductions in GSH levels in all tissues and plasma compared with controls. In the plasma SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities were also reduced. All these effects were reversed by L-carnitine as well. The increase in MDA level and the concomitant decrease in GSH level of tissues and plasma and also suppression of the antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma demonstrate that oxidative mechanisms are involved in CRF-induced tissue damage. L-carnitine, possibly via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorates oxidative organ injury and CRF-induced dysfunction of the aorta and corpus cavernosum. These results suggest that L-carnitine supplementation may have some benefit in CRF patients.     

Role of reactive oxygen species in organophosphate insecticide phosalone toxicity in erythrocytes in vitro.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by organophosphates may be involved in the toxicity of various pesticides. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate how an organophosphate insecticide, phosalone, affects lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defence system in vitro. For this purpose, the effects of various doses of phosalone on LPO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes were studied. Each phosalone dose was incubated with a previously prepared erythrocyte sample at +4 degrees C for 0, 60 and 180 min. After incubation, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were determined. Phosalone caused an increase in MDA formation and a decrease in the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT. However, these effects were seen only at extremely high concentrations of phosalone and these concentrations were in the lethal range. Therefore, we suggest that ROS may not involve in the toxic effects of the pesticidal use of phosalone in low concentrations.     

Effects of verbascoside and luteolin on oxidative damage in brain of heroin treated mice

Extensive but fragmentary studies have shown: (i) heroin, morphine and opiates are able to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in several cells, (ii) they decrease the antioxidant defense system including enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), Se, and vitamins. This study is to investigate the oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids in brain of mice administered heroin via intraperitoneal injection, and the effects of verbascoside and luteolin on this damage. All the indices of oxidative damage, such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), protein carbonyl group and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased significantly compared to those of controls in the brains of heroin-administered mice, while the indices related to the in vivo antioxidative capacity, such as the ratio of GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in the brain, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum significantly decreased. When heroin-dependent mice were treated with verbascoside or luteolin, oxidative stress status was limited.     

Effects of carnosine on prooxidant–antioxidant status in heart tissue,plasma and erythrocytes of rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction

Rats were injected with isoproterenol (ISO; 110 mg/kg, ip, 2 doses, 24 h interval) to induce acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and were sacrificed 6 and 24 h after the last ISO injection. The heart tissue, plasma and erythrocytes of these rats were evaluated for cardiac markers and oxidative stress parameters. Levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and the activities of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma were increased 6 and 24 h after ISO treatment. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugate (DC), and protein carbonyl (PC) were increased in heart tissue and plasma, while levels of erythrocyte MDA and glutathione (GSH) and plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were also increased. However, GSH levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) decreased in heart tissue of rats with AMI. We also investigated the effects of carnosine (CAR) treatment on these parameters 24 h after the last ISO injection. CAR (250 mg/kg/day; ip) treatments were carried out either 10 days before ISO injection or 2 days concomitant with ISO. Pretreatment with CAR decreased plasma LDH and AST activities and ameliorated cardiac histopathological changes in ISO-treated rats. Cardiac MDA, DC and PC levels decreased, but GSH levels and SOD and GSH-Px activities increased. However, the increases in plasma MDA and PC levels as well as erythrocyte H₂O₂-induced MDA and GSH levels did not change due to CAR pretreatment. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CAR pretreatment may have protective effects on ISO-induced cardiac toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress.     

线粒体基因突变型糖尿病患者氧化应激状态的临床研究

目的:观察线粒体基因突变型糖尿病(mitochodrial diabetes mellitus,mtDM)患者体内氧化应激状态,探讨线粒体基因突变与氧化应激的关系。方法:应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR-RFLP)筛查2型糖尿病患者(T2DM组)和健康对照组(C组)mtDNA tRNALE(UUUR)3243A→G(A3243G)和mtDNAND412026A→G(A12026G)突变位点发生情况,用酶反应化学比色法测定线粒体基因突变型糖尿病组(mtDM组)、T2DM组及健康对照组外周血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗活性氧活力(Anti-ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)等氧化应激指标。结果:(1)与C组相比,mtDM组和T2DM组Anti-ROS、SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性及SOD/MDA均下降(P<0.05),MDA含量升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)mtDM组与T2DM组相比,CAT活性下降(P<0.05),MDA含量升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)A3243G突变组和A12026G突变组之间SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、Anti-ROS活性和MDA差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:线粒体基因突变型糖尿病较无突变2型糖尿病患者及健康对照组氧化应激损伤更严重,可能与线粒体基因突变有关。     

The effects of diazinon on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes in vitro

Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides (OPI) in agriculture and public health programs. The aim of this study was to investigate how an OPI, diazinon, affects lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system in vitro. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, the effects of various concentrations of diazinon on LPO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes were studied. Each diazinon concentration was incubated with a previously prepared erythrocyte samples at +4 degrees C for 0, 60 and 180 min. After incubation, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were determined. In experiment 2, in order to determine the direct effect of diazinon on the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, the erythrocytes were haemolysed and incubated with the various concentrations of diazinon at +4 degrees C for 0, 60 and 180 min. In experiment 1, MDA levels and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased with increasing diazinon concentration and incubation period, but CAT activity remained unchanged. In experiment 2, SOD activity was significantly decreased, and GSH-Px activity was significantly increased. From these results, it can be concluded that in vitro administration of diazinon results in the induction of erythrocyte LPO and changes the activities of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may be involved in the toxic effects of diazinon.     

Effects of lanthanum, cerium, and neodymium on the nuclei and mitochondria of hepatocytes: accumulation and oxidative damage

The aim of this study was to investigate the contents of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and neodymium (Nd) that accumulate in nuclei and mitochondria isolated from the liver and their corresponding potential oxidative damage effects on nuclei and mitochondria. Five-week-old male imprinting control region (ICR) mice were exposed to chlorides of La, Ce, or Nd by oral gavage with one of three doses: 10, 20, or 40 mg/kgBW/day for 6 weeks. The concentrations of administered elements in hepatocyte nuclei and mitochondria were determined with inductively coupled plasma-mass (ICP-MS) spectrometry. The accumulation of La, Ce, and Nd in hepatocyte nuclei and mitochondria gradually increased in a dose-dependent manner with exposure to the elements, although the concentrations of La, Ce, and Nd in hepatocyte mitochondria were lower than those in their counterpart nuclei. In hepatocyte nuclei, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities decreased, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased. In hepatocyte mitochondria, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and GSH levels were significantly decreased, and MDA levels were significantly increased. These results suggest that La, Ce, and Nd presumably enter hepatocytes and mainly accumulate in the nuclei and induce oxidative damage in hepatic nuclei and mitochondria.     

Effect of bisphenol A on blood glucose,lipid profile and oxidative stress indices in adult male mice

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been considered as a possible risk factor for diabetes and its complications. However, the underlying mechanisms of BPA-induced diabetes are not clear. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of BPA on the hyperglycemia, lipid abnormalities and oxidative stress. In this study, the mice were divided into three groups of six animals each: One group as a control (C) and two other groups which exposed to 0.5 and 2?mg/kg concentrations of BPA. BPA powder was dissolved in sterile extra virgin olive oil and injected intraperitoneally to the tested groups, while the control group only received pure olive oil for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the changes of glucose, lipid profile reduced, total protein, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), catalase (CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in serum and pancreas. The results indicated that BPA dose-dependently increased the levels of blood glucose, lipid profile and MDA in the tested groups compared with the control group (p?<?0.001). BPA reduced significantly the levels of HDL-C and GSH in dose-dependent manner (p?<?0.001). BPA injection increased the levels of MDA and decreased the levels of GSH and TAS, and also the activities of SOD and CAT in the pancreas of exposed mice compared with the control group (p?<?0.05). In addition, body weight increased in the mice exposed to BPA compare to control animals. These results suggest that BPA exposure might induce hyperglycemia and its complications in adult male mice by induction of oxidative stress.     

维生素C对左旋多巴致自由基系统动态平衡损害的保护作用

目的通过体外实验探讨维生素C对左旋多巴(L-DOPA)致胶质细胞培养液中自由基系统动态平衡损害的保护作用,防治L-DOPA加速帕金森病进展。方法在含有胶质细胞的中脑培养液中,加入L-DOPA(100μmol/L)、维生素C(200μmol/L)+L-DOPA(100μmol/L),分别在24、48和72h时间点取标本,设空白对照组,测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力及丙二醛(MDA)的水平。结果L-DOPA100μmol/L各个时间点GSH的含量、GSH-Px的活性、SOD的活力较维生素C+L-DOPA、对照组显著的下降(P<0.05～0.01),MDA的水平显著的升高(P<0.05～0.01);维生素C+L-DOPA组各个时间点GSH的含量、GSH-Px的活性、SOD的活力、MDA的水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05～0.01)。结论维生素C可增强GSH、GSH-Px、SOD水平或活性,以增强其清除自由基的能力,降低MDA的水平,维持自由基系统的动态平衡,降低L-DOPA对神经元的毒性作用。