血浆 Hcy hs-CRP 与老年高血压相关性分析

目的：通过检测血浆同型半胱氨酸（Homocysteine,Hcy）、超敏C反应蛋白（High sensitive creactive protein,hs－CRP ）的水平,探讨Hcy、hs－CRP与老年性高血压之间的关系。方法：选择2012年5月至2014年5月高血压的老年患者105例,为高血压组,同时根据舒张压的变化分为2个亚组：老年单纯收缩期高血压（ Isolated systolic hypertension,ISH）组（单高组）52例;收缩压、舒张压均升高的老年高血压组（双高组）53例;72例健康体检者为对照组,分析3组的Hcy、hs－CRP 水平变化。结果：高血压组患者血浆Hcy水平为（18．66±0．99）μmoL／L与对照组（12．34±2．50）μmoL／L比较,差异具有统计学意义,P＜0．01;高血压组患者血浆hs－CRP 水平为（8．84±0．94） mg／L与对照组（2．66±0．45） mg／L比较,差异具有统计学意义,P＜0．01。单高组Hcy、hs－CRP水平分别为：（18．67±0．97）μmoL／L、（8．85±0．93）mg／L与双高组（18．65±1．03）μmoL／L、（8．83±0．96）mg／L分别比较,差异无统计学意义,P＞0．05。结论：Hcy、hs－CRP水平的升高,可能是老年高血压的发病原因之一;Hcy、hs－CRP 对老年高血压患者的舒张压无影响。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与老年单纯收缩期高血压的相关性及干预治疗后脉压差的变化

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）与老年单纯收缩期高血压（ISH）的相关性及干预治疗后脉压差的变化。方法选取老年单纯收缩期高血压患者68例为观察组（ISH组）,同年龄健康人群54例为参照组,分别测两组血浆Hcy值并比较差异性。另取伴高血浆Hcy的单纯收缩期高血压患者52例,随机分成两组,对照组24例给予氨氯地平降压治疗,治疗组28例在氨氯地平基础上给予叶酸和维生素B6治疗12周,测血浆Hcy及测量收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、脉压差（PP）;比较两组治疗前后差异性。结果 ISH组高Hcy比例大于参照组,叶酸和维生素B6干预治疗组血浆Hcy明显下降,对照组Hcy无明显变化;两组SBP明显下降,治疗组DBP下降幅度小于对照组（P〈0.01）,PP明显缩小,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论血浆Hcy与老年单纯收缩期高血压呈正相关,叶酸和维生素B6治疗降低Hcy改善动脉壁的弹性,缩小脉压差。     

老年高血压病24小时动态血压监测初探

本文80例老年高血压病患者，单纯收缩期高血压（ISH）占47.5％（38／80）；非单纯收缩期高血压（混合性／舒张期高血压）（non－ISH）占52．5％（42／80）。两组并发肾功能不全及眼底动脉Ⅲ或Ⅳ期改变的发生率无显著性差异（P＞0.05），而ISH组高心病的发生率高于non－ISH组（P＜0．05）。24小时无创性动态血压监测结果显示：24小时动态血压曲线呈物形改变者ISH组占52．6％，而non－ISH组占57．1％，两组间无统计学差异（P＞0．01）；但非物形改变者并发症的发生率高于构形者（P＜0.05）；表明老年高血压病血压节律减弱或消失发生心脑肾并发症危险性增加。血压变异系数分析发现：两组收缩压变异系数大于舒张压，白昼大于夜间（P均＜0．05）；且在ISH组收缩压变异系数大于non－ISH组（P均＜0．05），表明老年ISH病人24小时收缩压的波动程度更大，舒张压相对较低，更容易加重心脏等靶器官的损害。本文提示：老年高血压病的治疗不仅要使血压水平下降，而且要纠正血压节律和波动的紊乱。     

原发性高血压病患者脉压及血清同型半胱氨酸与颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压病患者脉压（PP）、血清同型半胱氨酸（HCY）水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度（CIMT）的关系。方法原发性高血压患者选择64例根据高血压病史及入院时血压分为单纯收缩期高血压组（A组,22例）、全期型高血压组（B组,22例）、单纯舒张期高血压组（C组,20例）,另设健康对照组（N组,21例）。分别检测脉压（PP）,应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定血清HCY水平,超声诊断仪测定颈动脉内中膜厚度。结果①原发性高血压病患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平（HCY）显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）;单纯收缩期高血压组（A组）PP与血HCY高于其他类型的高血压组（P〈0．05）。②原发性高血压病患者的颈动脉内中膜厚度（CIMT）显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）;单纯收缩期高血压组（A组）CIMT高于其他类型的高血压组（P〈0．05）。结论PP及血HCY升高可能是造成原发性高血压患者动脉粥样硬化的重要因素。     

伴有 CAS 的原发性高血压患者 Lp－PLA2、SF、Hcy水平变化及相关性研究

目的：探讨伴有颈动脉粥样硬化（ CAS）的原发性高血压患者脂蛋白相关磷脂酶 A2（ Lp－PLA2）、铁蛋白（ SF）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平变化及相关性。方法选取伴有 CAS（CAS 组）与不伴有 CAS（无 CAS 组）的原发性高血压患者各100例,检测血浆 Lp－PLA2、血清SF 与 Hcy 水平。结果CAS 组患者 Lp－PLA2、SF、Hcy 水平高于无 CAS 组（ P ＜0．01）;CAS 组中颈动脉有斑块形成者 Lp－PLA2、SF、Hcy 水平高于内膜单纯增厚者（ P ＜0．01）;CAS 与 Lp－PLA2、SF、Hcy 水平呈正相关性（均 P ＜0．05）。结论伴有 CAS 的原发性高血压患者存在血浆 Lp－PLA2、血清 SF 与 Hcy 水平升高表现,CAS 与 Lp－PLA2、SF、Hcy 水平间关系密切。     

新疆哈萨克族、汉族血浆非对称二甲基精氨酸水平与原发性高血压的相关性研究

目的：探讨血浆非对称二甲基精氨酸（ADM A ）与原发性高血压的相关性。方法选择哈萨克族原发性高血压患者（n＝93）及汉族患者（n＝112）,以哈萨克族（n＝81）及汉族（n＝100）健康人作为健康对照组,采用反相高效液相色潽法（RP‐HPLC）法分别检测两个民族原发性高血压患者及健康对照组人群血浆中 ADMA水平,同时检测肝、肾功能,血脂、血糖、果糖胺等生化指标。结果两个民族原发性高血压患者血浆ADM A水平较健康人群显著升高（ P＜0．01）,血浆ADM A水平与高血压患者血压水平呈正相关（哈萨克族 r＝0．715,P＜0．01;汉族 r＝0．645,P＜0．01）。结论新疆哈萨克及汉族血浆ADMA水平与原发性高血压之间均具有相关性,提示ADM A可能参与了原发性高血压的发生及发展。     

高血压病不同血压分级患者血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽变化及非洛地平对其影响

目的：探讨原发性高血压（EH）患者不同血压水平与血浆内皮素（ET）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）浓度之间的关系以及非洛地平对其浓度的影响。方法：将86例住院EH患者,按1999年WHO／ISH标准高血压分级为1级28例,2级36例,3级22例。健康对照组30例,所有EH患者在非洛地平治疗前,后进行24小时动态血压监测,血浆ET和CGRP浓度的测定。结果：EH患者血浆ET水平明显高于对照组,CGRP水平明显低于对照组（均P＜0．01）,随着EH血压分级的增高,ET水平增高,CGRP水平降低（均P＜0．05－0．01）,非洛地平治疗后,EH患者血压和血浆ET明显下降,CGRP明显增高（P＜0．01）,结论：EH患者血浆ET和CGRP含量与血压水平密切相关,非洛地平降压疗效确切,并能降低患者血浆ET,升高CGRP。     

单纯收缩期高血压患者的糖代谢特征分析

目的：调查初诊单纯收缩期高血压患者糖代谢各项指标。方法：选择新近确诊的单纯收缩期高血压患者49例（ISH组）和同期新检出的单纯舒张期高血压、收缩期高血压合并舒张期高血压（对照组,37例）接受糖代谢各项指标评估。结果：单纯收缩期高血压的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、空腹胰岛素浓度和胰岛素抵抗指数均明显高于对照组（P均〈0.05-0.01）。结论：单纯收缩期高血压患者有明确的糖代谢各项指标紊乱。     

联合检测同型半胱氨酸C反应蛋白D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原在急性脑梗死中的临床意义

目的：探讨同型半胱氨酸（ Hcy）、 C 反应蛋白（ CRP ）、D-二聚体（ DD ）及纤维蛋白原（ FBG）联合检测在急性脑梗死（ ACI ）中的临床意义。方法：纳入89例经临床及影像学确诊的ACI患者（ ACI组）和32例健康体检者（对照组）,比较两组研究者及ACI 组不同梗死面积患者血浆Hcy、CRP、DD及FBG水平的差异,分析ACI组患者血浆Hcy、CRP、DD及FBG水平之间的相关性。结果：ACI组患者Hcy、CRP、DD、FBG水平均较对照组显著升高（ P＜0．05、P＜0．01）;ACI中梗死面积组及大梗死面积组患者血浆Hcy、CRP、DD及FBG水平均显著高于小梗死面积组（ P＜0．05、P＜0．01）,而大梗死面积组患者血浆Hcy、CRP、DD及FBG水平显著高于中梗死面积组（ P＜0．05）;ACI患者血浆Hcy水平与CRP、DD、FBG水平均呈正相关（ r＝0．512、0．553、0．491, P＜0．05）。结论：血浆Hcy、CRP、DD及FBG水平与ACI的发生及发展密切相关,四者联合检测有助于临床诊断急性脑梗死并判断梗死面积,指导ACI的诊断及治疗。     

硝苯地平缓释片联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年收缩期高血压疗效观察

目的观察硝苯地平缓释片联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压（ISH）的降压作用。方法95例老年单纯收缩期高血压患者随机分为对照组47例和治疗组48例。对照组给予硝苯地平缓释片（商品名：远福达）20mg,每日1次,口服;治疗组在上述治疗的基础上加用氢氯噻嗪12．5mg,每日1次,口服,疗程均为4周。结果对照组用药后收缩压（SBP）及舒张压（DBP）下降差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;治疗组用药后SBP下降差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,而DBP仅有轻度下降（P〈0．05）;用药前后比较,对照组脉压（PP）变化不大,而治疗组PP明显减小,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论硝苯地平缓释片联合氢氯噻嗪能降低老年单纯收缩期高血压患者的SBP,而对DBP影响不大,使PP减少,适合老年单纯收缩期高血压患者的降压治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.