内镜经鼻腔入路治疗颅底中线区肿瘤的临床研究进展

内镜的引入使得经鼻腔入路手术的适应症得到了极大的扩展。目前,内镜经鼻腔入路已可用于前颅底、鞍上、海绵窦、斜坡等部位病变的治疗,且严格把握适应症,能够取得比开颅手术或显微镜下经鼻腔手术更高的全切率和更低的并发症率。器械的改进和计算机术中导航、彩色超声多普勒等技术的应用,使手术的安全性得到了极大提高。术后颅底的修补是该入路进一步应用的主要障碍之一,目前倾向于使用多层材料进行修补。内镜经鼻腔入路治疗颅底中线区肿瘤今后必将得到更加广泛的应用。     

多模态影像导航融合技术在神经内镜经蝶垂体腺瘤切除术中的应用体会

目的探讨多模态导航影像融合技术在内镜经蝶垂体腺瘤手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析47例垂体腺瘤病人的临床资料,均行导航辅助下内镜经蝶入路手术。术前行鞍区薄层CT扫描、颅脑MRA融合40例,行鞍区薄层CT扫描、头部CTA融合7例。结果均通过导航准确定位病变,肿瘤全切除38例,次全切除9例。术后脑脊液漏3例,感染1例,一过性尿崩症10例;无手术死亡和术后出血病例。随访3~24个月,多数病人术前症状不同程度好转;全切除病例中复发3例,行γ-刀治疗;次全切除病例中复发1例,予以再次手术。结论神经导航影像融合技术可以提供病变及周边组织结构三维图像,结合神经内镜良好照明和视野,可增加肿瘤全切率,减小垂体功能损伤,缩短手术时间,减少并发症。     

颅底脊索瘤的内镜经鼻手术治疗分型及入路

目的 探讨一种适合内镜经鼻手术治疗需要的颅底脊索瘤临床分型及入路选择方法.方法 回顾性分析2007年8月至2012年8月于我院使用内镜经鼻手术治疗的133例颅底脊索瘤病例资料.依据内镜经鼻手术斜坡解剖区域分类方法对脊索瘤进行临床分型.其中,主体位于颅底中线区域116例:(1)主体位于前颅底6例;(2)主体位于上斜坡7例;(3)主体位于上中斜坡42例;(4)主体位于中下斜坡8例;(5)主体位于下斜坡21例;(6)主体位于全斜坡32例.主体位于中线及中线旁区域(广泛型)17例.全部病人均行内镜经鼻手术切除.中线区域型共使用4种内镜经鼻手术入路:内镜经鼻-前颅底入路、内镜经鼻-上斜坡入路、内镜经鼻-中斜坡入路、内镜经鼻-下斜坡入路.广泛型使用内镜经鼻手术入路结合其他开颅手术入路进行肿瘤切除.结果 病变全切为26例(20％),次全切62例(47％),大部切除38例(29％),部分切除7例(5％).结论 制定适合内镜经鼻手术的斜坡解剖区域划分,并以此为基础对颅底脊索瘤进行临床分型,可以更好地指导内镜经鼻切除颅底脊索瘤的手术入路选择.     

神经导航联合蝶鞍三维CT辅助在神经内镜下垂体腺瘤切除术的应用

目的探讨神经导航联合蝶鞍三维CT在神经内镜下经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除手术中的应用。方法回顾性分析64例经鼻入路垂体瘤手术病人的临床资料,对照组(n=28)经神经内镜鼻蝶入路手术,实验组(n=36)采用神经导航联合蝶鞍三维CT辅助神经内镜下垂体瘤手术。观察比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症、激素水平、肿瘤全切率。结果实验组的手术时间、手术到达鞍底时间、术中出血量及肿瘤全切率明显好于对照组(P0.05)。结论神经导航联合蝶鞍三维CT辅助神经内镜应用于经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤手术可以提高手术安全性,改善病人预后。     

神经内镜与显微手术切除前、中颅底肿瘤

目的探讨神经内镜与显微神经外科技术在切除前、中颅底肿瘤中的意义和手术方法。方法应用神经内镜辅助的显微神经外科技术切除前、中颅底肿瘤89例,其中包括颅眶沟通瘤9例、颅鼻沟通瘤7例、颅眶鼻沟通瘤6例。在显微镜下尽可能切除可见的肿瘤部分,再用神经内镜寻找残余的肿瘤并切除。结果在常规显微神经外科切除肿瘤后,仍有不同程度的残余肿瘤,在内镜下进一步切除,80例(89.9%)肿瘤达全切除,6例(6.7%)获次全切除,3例(3.4%)为部分切除,无手术死亡。结论神经内镜辅助与显微神经外科技术切除前、中颅底肿瘤有助于提高肿瘤全切率,减少手术创伤。     

内镜治疗前颅窝底蝶筛窦骨化性纤维瘤1例报告

经鼻神经内镜下手术,目前被国内外学者公认为疗效可靠和安全的手术[1].本文报道新疆医科大学第一附属医院神经外科患者经鼻神经内镜下切除前颅窝底蝶筛窦骨化性纤维瘤一例,并对颅骨骨化纤维瘤病进行探讨.患者,女,37岁,以“间断性头痛头晕伴右眼视力进行性下降3年余”为主诉于2009年9月22日入院.体检:神清语利,查体合作.裸眼视力左侧1.0,右侧0.4.     

锁孔手术理念在处理颅底和脑深部病变中的应用(附49例报告)

目的 探讨对锁孔神经外科手术的认识和经验。方法 对49例颅底或脑深部病变行中小骨窗开颅显微外科手术病变切除术，其中部分病例使用神经内镜和神经导航技术。结果 44例实体瘤全切除22例，次全切除18例。无手术死亡和致残，无术后症状加重，手术输血平均175ml。结论 锁孔手术是一种处理脑深部或颅底病变的微创神经外科技术，恰当的适应证选择，娴熟的显微手术技巧和必要的手术设备(如神经内镜、神经导航)可以提高显微手术效果，减少手术创伤。     

神经内镜与神经导航辅助显微镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术的临床疗效对比分析

目的探讨神经内镜与神经导航辅助显微镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术的临床疗效及优缺点。方法将54例垂体腺瘤病人随机分两组,其中30例病人行神经内镜下单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术(神经内镜组),24例病人行神经导航辅助显微镜下单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术(导航显微镜组)。分析两组病人的术后并发症发生率、住院时间、手术时间和肿瘤全切率。结果神经内镜组与导航显微镜组在术后并发症发生率、肿瘤全切率方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。导航显微镜组手术时间短于神经内镜组,而神经内镜组术后住院时间明显短于导航显微镜组(P0.05)。结论神经内镜与神经导航辅助显微镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术的临床疗效相当,需结合病人情况实施治疗。     

神经导航辅助下显微手术治疗颅底中央区肿瘤

目的探讨神经导航系统在颅底中央区肿瘤显微切除术中的应用及其优越性。方法对36例颅底中央区肿瘤患者应用神经导航系统辅助下实施显微手术,术前将患者影像学信息导入神经导航系统进行解剖三维重建,并依据肿瘤部位应用神经导航系统设计个体化的手术切口,术中对手术入路、肿瘤及其周围重要解剖结构准确定位,判断肿瘤切除程度。结果本组病例神经导航注册误差为0．6-2．3mm,平均（1．1±0．3）mm。36例患者中肿瘤全切26例,次全切除10例（术后1月内均行γ刀治疗,死亡1例）。术后患者临床症状均得到改善或消失。结论 在颅底中央区肿瘤显微手术中应用神经导航系统能准确定位肿瘤与周围重要解剖结构,并引导手术操作,安全、准确地切除肿瘤,提高手术疗效,减少手术并发症的发生。     

神经导航在颅底肿瘤手术中的应用

目的评价神经导航系统在颅底肿瘤手术中的应用.方法在74例颅底肿瘤手术中,应用StealthStation神经导航系统指导手术操作.术中应用神经导航实时定位颅底解剖标志点并判断肿瘤切除程度.结果74例平均坐标误差为(2.26+-0.99)mm,预期准确性为(3.00±0.92)mm.CT和MRI融合误差为1.04 mm.靶点准确性为＜2 mm.74例肿瘤全切55例,次全切除10例,大部切除8例,穿刺1例.术后症状改善或无变化61例(61/74),加重或出现新症状13例.2例死于与手术无关的原因,分别为窒息和多器官功能衰竭.结论在颅底肿瘤手术中,神经导航定位准确可靠,有助于提高肿瘤切除率,降低手术并发症.     

内镜经鼻前颅底肿瘤的外科治疗

目的总结内镜经鼻入路切除前颅底肿瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析2003年11月～2006年5月18例肿瘤侵犯前颅底的临床资料．其中14例单独采用内镜经鼻手术入路．4例采用颅鼻联合入路进行了治疗。病理类型包括：脑膜瘤2例，脊索瘤1例，视神经鞘瘤1例．骨纤维异常增殖症1例．鳞状细胞癌3例，嗅神经母细胞瘤3例，腺样囊性癌1例，恶性骨巨细胞瘤1例，脊索肉瘤1例．神经内分泌小细胞癌1例，透明细胞癌1例，甲状腺癌颅底转移1例，腮腺癌颅底转移1例。结果经术中镜下及术后影像学检查证实17例肿瘤被全部切除．1例大部分切除。2例术后出现脑脊液鼻漏，经保守治疗后痊愈。无颅内出血、感染及死亡病例。结论内镜经鼻入路能够充分显露和切除前颅底肿瘤．且大多数病例无需处理硬脑膜及进行颅底重建。     

Transcranial resection of a large sinonasal juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma

Introduction  Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF) is a benign but potentially locally aggressive fibroosseous lesion predominantly arising in the paranasal sinuses in children and young adults. Intracranial extension is rare but occurs sometimes. In such cases, tumor resection may often require the combination of neurosurgical and facial approaches. Histological diagnosis remains a challenge because the lesion can be easily mistaken for another fibroosseous lesion or for a meningioma. Case report  We report the case of a 12-year-old boy with a JPOF arising from the right paranasal sinuses and extension towards the anterior skull base and the orbit. Despite the tumor had eroded through nasal septum, medial orbit wall, and right maxilla, it could be entirely removed performing an extended frontobasal approach via a bifrontoorbital craniotomy, obviating the need for a transfacial approach. Conclusion  Radiologically and histologically, the lesion could be mistaken either for a meningioma or another type of ossifying fibroma. Histological aspects and alternative surgical approaches to these rare entities are discussed.     

颅底脑膜瘤的显微手术体会

目的 探讨提高颅底脑膜瘤全切率、降低死亡率和致残率的显微外科手术技巧。方法 本组61例颅底脑膜瘤，根据肿瘤部位分别采用不同的手术入路进行手术，手术入路包括双（单）侧额下入路，翼点或改良及扩大翼点入路，幕上枕下、幕下小脑上或幕上下联合入路，枕下乙状窦后入路，经岩骨乙状窦前入路，枕下入路，远外侧入路等。结果 肿瘤切除达到SimpsonⅠ-Ⅱ级全切除54例，次全切除4例，大部切除3例。术后早期发生颅神经麻痹11例，无手术死亡。结论 通过合适的手术入路，依靠娴熟的显微外科技术和先进手术设备，积极而谨慎地切除颅底脑膜瘤可以取得满意效果。充分暴露。严密止血，正确处理肿瘤与重要组织的关系是手术成功的关键。     

Successful chemoradiation therapy for high-grade skull base chondrosarcoma in a child

High-grade chondrosarcoma in the skull base has been known to be extremely refractory to adjuvant therapy. We report successful chemoradiation therapy for skull base chondrosarcoma in a child. The patient was a 6-year-old boy with an invasive skull base tumor. In spite of gross total removal of the tumor, it recurred 1 month after surgery. Following an intraarterial injection of adriamycin (10 mg), the second gross total removal was carried out. At the end of the operation, cisplatin (20 mg) was locally injected into the surgical cavity. The patient was further given a total of six courses of systemic chemotherapy in combination with adriamycin (30 mg/m²) and cisplatin (100 mg/m²) and 55 Gy focal irradiation. One year after the most recent surgery, the patient is in complete remission. The efficacy of adjuvant therapy of this rare tumor is discussed.     

Optimization of skull base exposure using navigation-integrated,virtual reality templates

In many skull base procedures, arriving at the optimal bone exposure is important. Whereas insufficient exposure can jeopardize the operation itself, over-doing the exposure might lead to complications. We developed a new technique, harnessing the strength of Virtual Reality (VR) technology in planning, rehearsal and navigation, to achieve the optimal skull base exposure for resection of tumors. VR models of patient-specific anatomy were used to rehearse the surgical exposure. From the altered models, the one with the ideal exposure was chosen, integrated with the navigation system in the operating suite, and used as a template to achieve the optimal exposure in surgery.The use of these VR templates is demonstrated in two cases involving skull base tumors. In both cases, over-zealous bone removal could have increased the risk of complications, and inadequate exposure would jeopardize the tumor resection. Navigation guided by the VR templates aided the creation of the “ideal” surgical exposure to reach the surgical goals. Complete resections were achieved and neither patient suffered any approach-related complications.In conclusion, virtual reality is a powerful tool to improve the safety and efficacy of neurosurgical procedures. With preoperatively-altered VR templates, the surgeon is no longer navigating just to find bearings, but to duplicate an opening designed to simultaneously provide sufficient exposure while limiting postoperative complications. Intuitively useful and successful in early application, there has been no identifiable disadvantages to date.     

“三明治”法重建颅底技术的探讨

目的探讨颅前窝底肿瘤切除后颅底重建技术。方法回顾性分析6例颅前窝底肿瘤的临床资料．复发颅咽管瘤2例,复发嗅沟脑膜瘤2例,筛窦低分化腺癌1例,嗅神经母细胞瘤1例。手术采用扩大双额、双骨瓣开颅．肿瘤切除后,颅前窝底骨质缺损直径5．0-7．0cm,颅前窝底硬膜缺损直径约6．0～9．0cm。采用“三明治”法重建颅底,硬膜缺损以游离自体骨膜或颞肌筋膜修补,额部带蒂骨膜覆盖于鼻根部小骨瓣并与颅底硬膜缝合,两者之间用钛板修补骨性缺损。结果肿瘤完全切除6例。术后无一例出现脑脊液鼻漏。术后颅内感染1例,经抗感染治疗及腰大池脑脊液持续引流后治愈。结论“三明治”法重建颅底可获得优良效果。颅前窝底肿瘤彻底切除后可获得良好的长期预后。     

Utility of a rotation–suction microdebrider for tumor removal in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery

The microdebrider is a common tool used in endoscopic sinus surgery for removing polypoid and sinonasal tissue. It uses rotating blades and an integrated suction device for controlled removal of tissue under video–endoscopic visualization. To our knowledge, the application of the microdebrider for endoscopic removal of skull base tumors has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the utility of the rotation–suction microdebrider as a tool for endoscopic endonasal removal of solid and fibrous skull base tumors. Thirty-two patients underwent endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery where the rotation–suction microdebrider was used as the primary tool for tumor removal and debulking. Pathologies included a variety of anterior skull base meningiomas, sinonasal skull base malignancies, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, schwannomas, and other skull base lesions. Gross total and near total removal was achieved in 87.5% (28/32) of patients, and subtotal removal was performed in 12.5% (4/32) of patients. The microdebrider allowed efficient debulking and removal of solid and fibrous tumors, such as meningiomas, that were not responsive to standard ultrasonic aspiration. There were no complications of orbital or neurovascular injury, or thermal injury to the nostril. The rotation–suction microdebrider is a useful tool for endoscopic endonasal removal of skull base tumors. This is particularly useful for solid and fibrous tumors that are not responsive to standard ultrasonic aspiration. For intracranial tumors, it is critical to remain inside the tumor capsule during debulking so as to avoid injury to the surrounding neurovascular structures.     

A Primary Ossifying Intracranial Myxoma Arising from the Ethmoid Sinus

Myxomas are rare benign tumors that originate from mesenchymal tissue. They usually develop in the atrium of the heart, the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or bone. Involvement of the skull base with an intracranial extension is very rare and not well-described in the literature. We report a rare case of primary intracranial ossifying myxoma arising from the anterior skull base and mimicking a huge chondrosarcoma, and we review the relevant literature.     

神经导航融合技术在颅底肿瘤中的应用

目的 探讨神经导航融合技术在颅底肿瘤中的应用。方法 通过术前准备、注册、CT与MRI等影像模式融合、术中导航定位,比较各种注册方法的精确性,融合精确度,术中定位精确性、术中持续精确性,扩大暴露范围等,提出和改进神经导航技术在颅底手术中的应用技术。结果 神经导航用于颅底肿瘤手术切除,术前有助于开颅皮肤切口及骨瓣的设计,选择最短的手术途径;术中可为肿瘤的切除定向定位,在颅底手术中使术者随时了解颅底肿瘤与周围重要解剖结构（如脑干、颅神经及重要血管等的关系）。结论 颅底肿瘤以及颅底结构位置相对固定,影响因素较小,脑移位最小,定位精确,及时反馈肿瘤的切除深度,增加手术的安全性,加快手术进程,避免脑重要结构的副损伤。     

3D Slicer多模态影像融合技术在脑膜瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨3D Slicer多模态影像融合技术在颅底脑膜瘤或巨大脑膜瘤手术治疗中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2016年6月至2019年5月应用3D Slicer多模态影像融合技术辅助手术治疗的12例颅底脑膜瘤或巨大脑膜瘤的临床资料。术前完善头颅CT、MRI、TOF-MRA、DTI序列检查,将得到的DICOM格式的影像学数据,应用3D Slicer软件进行处理,对肿瘤、相邻颅骨、重要动脉、颅神经、静脉、静脉窦、锥体束进行多模态融合和三维重建,明确肿瘤与周围结构的关系,通过3D虚拟可视化图像,模拟手术入路,精准术前规划,辅助进行手术治疗。结果 12例中,肿瘤全切除10例（83.33%,10/12）,次全切除2例。无手术死亡病例,无术区血肿及颅神经损伤。术后出现对侧肢体肌力下降或原有偏瘫症状加重2例,经治疗后肌力恢复正常。12例术后随访6个月,未见肿瘤复发或增大。结论 对于颅底脑膜瘤或巨大脑膜瘤的手术治疗,3D Slicer多模态影像融合技术可以帮助制定详尽的术前规划,减少手术并发症,提高肿瘤的全切除率。