冠状动脉慢血流现象的临床分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉造影术中冠状动脉慢血流现象相关的危险因素.方法:回顾分析2008年1月-2009年12月295例因胸痛、胸闷、心悸等在复旦大学附属中山医院行冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉无明显病变患者的临床资料,根据判定标准分为慢血流组(n=196)及血流正常组(n=99).应用t检验和卡方检验比较2组间各项临床指标的差异,并采用多元Logistic回归分析对导致慢血流的各因素进行分析.结果:2组患者的年龄、高血压痛所占比例、白细胞计数、血小板计数、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白水平等差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而慢血流组男性(73.5％比42.4％,P＜0.01)、吸烟者所占比例(36.2％比24.2％,P=0.038)显著高于血流正常组,高密度脂蛋白水平(1.12±0.25比1.21±0.36,P=0.014)显著低于血流正常组,血尿酸水平(370.34±107.9比326.90±92.4,P＜0.01)显著高于血流正常组.多元logistic逐步回归分析表明,男性、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降、尿酸升高是影响慢血流发生的危险因素.结论:吸烟、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低、尿酸升高可能参与冠脉慢血流发生的病理生理过程.     

冠状动脉慢血流现象相关因素分析及治疗体会

目的:探讨冠状动脉发生慢血流现象可能的相关因素及治疗体会.方法:回顾性分析46例存在冠状动脉慢血流现象患者的临床资料,依据住院时间不同将46例患者分为A、B两组,A组患者被告知冠状动脉造影正常,未进行治疗;B组患者被告知冠状动脉造影不正常,有发展成冠心病及发生急性心肌梗死的风险,并给予健康教育及药物治疗.结果:吸烟、体质量指数升高及血脂增高在冠状动脉慢血流患者中占较高比例.A组因心绞痛再次入院者16例(59.3%),B组2例(10.5%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:肥胖、吸烟、高脂血症等可能是发生冠状动脉慢血流现象的高危因素,对有冠状动脉慢血流现象的患者建议对其进行健康教育并给予冠心病二级预防及改善内皮功能治疗;对频繁发生心绞痛且心电图有动态演变的高危患者,建议按急性冠状动脉综合征进行处理.     

基于单中心的冠状动脉慢血流危险因素分析及其与炎症反应的相关性

目的：探讨冠状动脉慢血流（coronary slow flow, CSF）现象的临床危险因素及炎症反应在其发病机制中的可能作用。方法：采用校正的心肌梗死溶栓治疗（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, TIMI）临床试验血流帧数（corrected TIMI frame count, CTFC）评价冠状动脉血流情况。入选我院2016年1月至2016年12月择期行冠状动脉造影（coronary angiography, CAG）并证实CSF的患者96例为CSF组,入选同期行CAG证实血流完全正常的患者106例为非慢血流（non-CSF, NCSF）组。比较两组患者的临床特点、生化指标及相关炎症因子（包括外周静脉血及冠状动脉血）之间的差异,炎症因子包括：白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6, IL-6）、超敏C反应蛋白（hypersensitive C reactive protein, hsCRP）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9）。同时进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,分析CSF的危险因素及其与炎症反应的相关性。结果：CSF组冠状动脉三分支的CTFC值均显著高于NCSF组（前降支：32.3±3.7 vs 17.8±2.1;回旋支：34.5±3.9 vs 23.1±2.8;右冠状动脉：34.9±4.3 vs 21.4±3.2,P均<0.01）,且右冠状动脉为CSF最常见的受累冠脉（83.3%）。单因素分析发现：CSF组患者体质指数,糖尿病比例,尿酸,冠状动脉血IL-6、hsCRP,外周静脉血及冠状动脉血MMP-9均显著高于NCSF组（P<0.05或0.01）。Logistic回归分析发现：体质指数（OR=1.313, 95%CI 1.026~1.654, P=0.034）、糖尿病（OR=1.604, 95%CI 1.198~2.466, P=0.006）、高尿酸水平（OR=1.036, 95%CI 1.006~1.102, P=0.027）、外周静脉血MMP-9（OR=2.279, 95%CI 1.478~4.022, P=0.004）、受累冠状动脉血MMP-9（OR=3.145, 95%CI 2.011~5.023, P=0.000）是发生CSF的独立危险因素。结论：体质指数、糖尿病、尿酸是CSF发生的独立危险因素;与全身炎症反应相比,受累冠脉局部炎症反应与CSF更相关;炎症因子MMP-9在CSF的病理生理过程中发挥重要作用。     

冠状动脉慢血流现象的冠状动脉血流成像分析

目的 应用冠状动脉血流成像(CFI)无创性评估冠状动脉慢血流现象患者的冠状动脉血流速度变化.方法 冠状动脉无明显狭窄且心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)提示慢血流现象患者21例,冠状动脉造影无明显狭窄且TIMI血流正常者9例作为对照组.采用校正的TIMI血流计帧法(CTFC)评价冠状动脉血流速度.常规超声心动图测量左室舒张末期内径、收缩末期内径、左室射血分数、E峰、A峰、E/A值.CFI测量冠状动脉前降支远端舒张期峰值血流速度(Vmax)、舒张期平均流速(Vmean)和血流速度时间积分(VTI).结果 慢血流组前降支CTFC为(45.37±8.62)帧,对照组为(15.94±4.66)帧,二者差异有统计学意义(t=-9.596,P=0.000).慢血流组与对照组常规超声心动图测值差异均无统计学意义.慢血流组前降支Vmax为(22.86±3.04)cm/s,Vmean为(17.62±2.89)cm/s,VTI为(8.49±2.01)cm;对照组前降支Vmax为(31.78±9.28)cm/s,Vmean为(23.67±7.60)cm/s,VTI为(10.91±4.47)cm,两组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组及慢血流组前降支CTFC与Vmax和Vmean呈负相关,对照组前降支CTFC与VTI呈负相关,慢血流组前降支CTFC与VTI无相关性.结论 冠状动脉慢血流现象患者冠状动脉前降支远端血流速度减慢,CFI能够反映冠状动脉造影TIMI血流的变化,但诊断冠状动脉慢血流现象有局限.

Abstract：

Objective To non-invasive assess coronary blood flow velocity changes of patients with slow coronary flow phenomenon (SCFP) by coronary blood flow imaging (CFI).Methods Twenty-one patients who had no significant coronary artery stenosis but had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) slow-flow phenomenon were the experimental group,nine patients who has no significant coronary stenosis and TIMI flow normal were the control group.Using corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC) assess velocity of coronary artery.The left ventricular end diastolic diameter,end systolic diameter,ejection fraction,E peak velocity,A peak velocity,E/A ratio were measured by conventional echocardiography.The distal anterior descending coronary artery diastolic peak flow velocity(Vmax),mean velocity(Vmean) and blood flow velocity time integral(VTI) were measured by CFI.Results The corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) of left anterior descending artery blood flow in slow blood group was (45.37 ± 8.62)frame,that in control group was (15.94± 4.66)frame,the difference was statistically significant (t = -9.596,P =0.000).The conventional echocardiographic measurements of two groups were not significantly different.The left anterior descending artery Vmax was (22.86 ± 3.04)cm/s,Vmean was (17.62 ± 2.89)cm/s,VTIwas (8.49± 2.01)cm in the slow blood flow group,the left anterior descending artery Vmax was (31.78 ± 9.28) cm/s,Vmean was (23.67 ± 7.60) cm/s,VTI was (10.91 ± 4.47) cm in the control group.The difference was statistically significant.The left anterior descending artery CTFC with Vmax and Vmean was negative correlation in the control group and the slow blood flow group.The left anterior descending artery CTFC was negatively correlated with VTI in the control group,there was no correlation between left anterior descending artery CTFC and VTI in the slow blood flow group.Conclusions Coronary artery flow velocity in the left anterior descending artery was declined.CFI can reflect changes in coronary TIMI flow,but in the diagnosis of coronary slow flow phenomenon CFI has limitations.     

冠状动脉慢血流现象的冠状动脉血流成像分析

Objective To non-invasive assess coronary blood flow velocity changes of patients with slow coronary flow phenomenon (SCFP) by coronary blood flow imaging (CFI).Methods Twenty-one patients who had no significant coronary artery stenosis but had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) slow-flow phenomenon were the experimental group,nine patients who has no significant coronary stenosis and TIMI flow normal were the control group.Using corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC) assess velocity of coronary artery.The left ventricular end diastolic diameter,end systolic diameter,ejection fraction,E peak velocity,A peak velocity,E/A ratio were measured by conventional echocardiography.The distal anterior descending coronary artery diastolic peak flow velocity(Vmax),mean velocity(Vmean) and blood flow velocity time integral(VTI) were measured by CFI.Results The corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) of left anterior descending artery blood flow in slow blood group was (45.37 ± 8.62)frame,that in control group was (15.94± 4.66)frame,the difference was statistically significant (t = -9.596,P =0.000).The conventional echocardiographic measurements of two groups were not significantly different.The left anterior descending artery Vmax was (22.86 ± 3.04)cm/s,Vmean was (17.62 ± 2.89)cm/s,VTIwas (8.49± 2.01)cm in the slow blood flow group,the left anterior descending artery Vmax was (31.78 ± 9.28) cm/s,Vmean was (23.67 ± 7.60) cm/s,VTI was (10.91 ± 4.47) cm in the control group.The difference was statistically significant.The left anterior descending artery CTFC with Vmax and Vmean was negative correlation in the control group and the slow blood flow group.The left anterior descending artery CTFC was negatively correlated with VTI in the control group,there was no correlation between left anterior descending artery CTFC and VTI in the slow blood flow group.Conclusions Coronary artery flow velocity in the left anterior descending artery was declined.CFI can reflect changes in coronary TIMI flow,but in the diagnosis of coronary slow flow phenomenon CFI has limitations.     

冠状动脉慢血流现象的危险因素与临床特征分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉慢血流(CSF)患者可能的危险因素,分析其临床特征.方法:经冠状动脉造影(CAG)诊断为CSF者38例(CSF组),CAG显示无管腔狭窄且无慢血流者25例为对照组,使用校正的TIMI血流分级(CTFC)方法评价冠状动脉血流速度.两组均测身高、体重、腰围、血压,检查血常规、血糖、血脂、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY).做静息心电图.CAG术后3 d行心脏运动负荷试验.住院期间行发作时心电图.结果:(1)CSF组患者体重、腰围、FIB、HCY、平均血小板体积(MPV)显著高于对照组.(2)CSF组患者心脏运动负荷试验阳性率高于对照组,发作时异常心电图例数高于对照组.(3)采用多元线性回归分析发现MPV、FIB是CSF的独立危险因素.结论:CSF与冠心病、心绞痛有关,高纤维蛋白原血症、MPV增大者为CSF的危险因素,应给予重视和积极干预.     

冠状动脉慢血流研究进展

冠状动脉慢血流的评价标准尚未统一,病因及发病机制尚不明确。近期研究结果发现解剖因素和血液细胞成分的血流变学特性可能促进慢血流的发生,一些新的炎症、氧化应激和内皮功能标记物被引入慢血流的相关研究中。本文就慢血流的冠状动脉造影评价标准、临床影响因素和发病机制的最新研究进展作一综述。     

冠状动脉慢血流研究进展

冠状动脉慢血流的评价标准尚未统一,病因及发病机制尚不明确.近期研究结果发现解剖因素和血液细胞成分的血流变学特性可能促进慢血流的发生,一些新的炎症、氧化应激和内皮功能标记物被引入慢血流的相关研究中.本文就慢血流的冠状动脉造影评价标准、临床影响因素和发病机制的最新研究进展作一综述.     

冠状动脉慢血流的危险因素分析

目的 分析冠状动脉慢血流(coronary slow flow, CSF)的相关危险因素及影响机制。方法 将我院在2020年1月至2022年12月接诊的CSF患者112例作为CSF组,同期120例因胸痛、胸闷症状就诊但冠状动脉造影检查冠状动脉血流正常的患者作为对照组。比较两组基础资料、既往疾病史、生活方式、临床检查指标等资料,采用多因素Logistic回归法分析影响CSF的相关危险因素。结果 单因素分析显示,两组间吸烟史、不良饮食习惯、睡眠不足、糖尿病、高血压发生率,以及高敏C反应蛋白、内皮素-1、TIMI血流计数、冠状动脉直径等指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟史、糖尿病、高血压、高敏C反应蛋白、内皮素-1、可溶性CD40配体、脂蛋白、一氧化氮、红细胞沉降率、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、平均TIMI血流计数均属于CSF发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 改善患者生活习惯、控制慢性疾病、调节炎症反应和保护内皮细胞功能等措施,可能降低CSF的发生风险。     

冠状动脉的慢血流现象60例临床观察

随着冠状动脉造影的普及,慢血流现象并非少见,但国内对冠状动脉的慢血流现象却少有报道。现将我院经冠状动脉造影发现的60例慢血流现象分析如下。     

冠状动脉慢血流现象与血液生化指标的相关性分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉慢血流现象(coronary slow flow phenomenon,CSFP)与血尿酸(UA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、红细胞压积(Hct)及红细胞分布宽度(RDW)的相关性。方法:对因胸闷、胸痛症状行冠状动脉造影术(coronary angiography,CAG)住院患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析,选择其中CAG显示心外膜冠状动脉无明显狭窄但存在CSFP的121例患者作为CSFP组(SCF组),另将CAG证实心外膜冠状动脉完全正常且血流正常的606例患者设为正常血流组(NCF组)。比较两组患者UA、Hcy、Hct及RDW的差异,并分析CSFP与上述指标、UA与其他生化指标间的相关性。结果:SCF组UA、Hcy、Hct水平均较NCF组升高(P0.001);两组RDW水平差异无统计学意义。条件Logistic回归分析发现,UA、Hcy、Hct均为CSFP的危险因素;Spearman相关及偏相关性分析示UA与Hcy正相关(P0.001)。结论:UA、Hcy、Hct是CSFP发生的危险因素,UA与Hcy可能协同促进CSFP的发生发展。     

Longitudinal left ventricular systolic function is impaired in patients with coronary slow flow

Slow coronary flow (SCF) is a well recognized clinical entity, characterized by delayed opacification of coronary arteries in the presence of normal coronary angiogram. There is currently no data evaluating myocardial systolic function in SCF phenomenon. This study was performed to evaluate regional and global systolic function using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), strain (S) and strain rate imaging (SRI) in patients with slow coronary flow. A total of 35 patients with slow coronary flow and otherwise normal coronary arteries (mean age 48 ± 7 years) (SCF group) and 21 patients with normal coronary angiograms (mean age 50 ± 12 years) (control group) were included in the study. These patients were prospectively assessed for evaluation of regional and global left ventricular function by conventional echocardiography, systolic TDI, peak S, and peak systolic strain rates (SRs) There was a significant difference in peak SRs (−1.1 ± 0.2 vs. −1.8 ± 0.2 1/s, P ≤ 0.0001) but similar in systolic TDI (42 ± 20 vs. 44 ± 21 mm/s, P = 0.77) and S (20.7 ± 7.7 vs. 23.7 ± 8.8, P = 0.14) between groups. SRs showed a good correlation with mean TIMI frame count (r = −0.80, P ≤ 0.0001). As the number of coronary artery with SCF increased global strain rate decreased further. In case of one or two or three coronary artery with SCF global strain rates were 1.4 ± 0.2; 1.1 ± 0.3; 0.9 ± 0.2 1/s, respectively, P ≤ 0.0001. Although ejection fraction was preserved, global and regional strain rate were decreased in SCF. In brief, there is an impairment in longitudinal left ventricular systolic function in patients with SCF.     

有氧运动对冠状动脉慢血流患者的疗效及血小板功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨有氧运动对冠状动脉慢血流患者的疗效及血小板功能的影响。 方法：冠状动脉造影诊断为冠状动脉慢血流的患者43例,观察在常规治疗的基础上,规律有氧运动前后的临床症状,血小板膜CD62P、CD61的阳性百分率（%）及血小板聚集率的变化。 结果：在常规治疗的基础上行运动疗法3个月,胸痛症状明显减轻; 运动后与运动前相比,血小板膜CD62P阳性百分率(%)分别为23.6±3.5及30.3±3.4 (P<0.05) 、CD61阳性百分率(%)分别为22.1±2.8及28.3±3.5 (P<0.05),血小板聚集率(%)分别为61.3±4.3及71.5±5.7 (P<0.05)。 结论：规律运动可以改善冠状动脉慢血流患者的症状,降低患者血小板表面活化受体分子的活性及血小板聚集。     

Elevated endocan concentration is associated with coronary slow flow

We sought to assess whether serum endocan concentration is correlated with coronary slow flow (CSF). We measured serum endocan concentration in 93 patients with CSF and in 206 controls. Serum endocan concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The presence of CSF was assessed by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (TFC) method. We demonstrated that serum endocan concentration is significantly higher in CSF patients (n?=?93) than that in controls (n?=?206) (1.03 [range 0.63–1.33] vs. 0.80 [range 0.52–1.09] ng/mL, p?=?0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum endocan concentration was independently associated with the presence of CSF (odds ratio 1.774, 95% confidence interval 1.064–2.958; p?=?0.028). Serum endocan concentration was positively correlated with mean-TFC in CSF patients (r?=?0.289, p?=?0.005). These results revealed that endocan might be a useful biomarker for predicting the presence and severity of CSF. Therapeutic interventions by down-regulating endocan to delay the progressive process of CSF warrants further investigations.     

超声心动图评价冠状动脉慢血流现象的研究进展

冠状动脉慢血流现象（CSFP）指通过冠状动脉造影发现冠状动脉末梢灌注延迟,但无明显的冠状动脉病变。多数患者并无心脏结构及收缩功能异常,但可能出现胸痛症状反复发作,严重影响患者的生活质量。因此,以简便、无创、安全的检查手段确诊并评估CSFP尤为重要。随着近年超声心动图的发展,通过常规超声、二维及三维斑点追踪成像及心肌CEUS等多种超声技术均可对CSFP进行定性、定量分析。本文对超声心动图评价CSFP的研究进展进行综述。     

冠状动脉慢血流患者颈动脉弹性与超敏C反应蛋白的相关性研究

目的探讨血管回声跟踪(ET)技术检测冠状动脉慢血流(CSF)患者颈动脉弹性与血清超敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)的相关性。方法 CSF组患者55例,具有相似危险因素的冠状动脉血流正常者55例为对照组。通过ET获得双侧颈动脉的弹性指数(β)、压力-应变弹性指数(Eρ)、顺应性(AC)和脉搏波传播速度(PWV);并测量Hs-CRP。结果 CSF组Hs-CRP、β、Eρ和PWV高于对照组(P<0.05),AC低于对照组(P<0.01)。CSF组Hs-CRP与β、Eρ及PWV呈正相关(r值分别为0.274、0.415、0.454,P<0.05),与AC呈负相关(r值为-0.295,P<0.05)。β、Eρ及PWV与CSF呈正相关,AC与CSF呈负相关。结论 ET可便捷、高效评估CSF患者颈动脉弹性,Hs-CRP与颈动脉动脉弹性参数有很好的相关性。     

急性冠脉综合征患者介入术后慢血流事件与血浆 D-二聚体水平关系

目的：探讨急性冠脉综合征患者在接受介入治疗术时发生慢血流现象的危险因素及其与血浆D-二聚体水平的关系。方法回顾性分析行急诊PCI 的急性冠脉综合征患者297例。采用校正TIMI血流计帧法（ cTFC）计算各支冠状动脉的TIMI帧数。根据术中cTFC结果将患者分为CSF组和冠脉血流正常对照组, Logistic回归方法分析CSF发生的临床危险因素。 ROC曲线分析D-二聚体水平对慢血流发生的预测价值。结果共计59例（19.8％）患者出现慢血流事件,血D-二聚体水平显著高于正常对照组（P＜0.05）。 Logistic回归分析表明血D-二聚体水平（OR＝1.276,95％CI：1.132～3.224, P ＝0.012）、罪犯血管的靶病变长度（ OR ＝1.436,95％CI：0.635～1.382, P＝0.037）、血栓负荷评分（ OR＝1.108,95％CI：1.085～2.103, P＝0.018）是慢血流发生的独立危险因素。 ROC曲线表明血D-二聚体水平（ ROC曲线下面积0.783, OR＝1.502,95％CI：1.324～2.531, P＝0.005）对慢血流的发生具有预测价值（敏感度为83.5％,特异度为69.1％）。结论 D-二聚体水平升高与急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后慢血流发生密切相关,有助于预测术中慢血流的发生。