功能性近红外脑成像研究双侧中度以上听力损失对婴儿大脑皮层功能的影响北大核心CSCD

目的探讨外周听觉通路异常是否在生命早期已对皮层功能正常发育产生影响,为儿童早期听力损失干预及康复计划的制定提供依据。方法50例婴儿(3~6月龄)纳入研究,其中听力正常35例(听力正常组),双侧对称性中度及以上程度感音神经性听力损失15例(听力损失组),分别进行静息态功能性近红外脑成像技术(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS)测试,采用半球自主性系数(hemispheric autonomy index,AI)评估大脑皮层的功能特性。结果两组婴儿AI的空间分布存在差异,听力正常组婴儿左侧颞叶AI显著高于右侧(L-R=0.0751±0.0148,P<0.0001),听力损失组婴儿左侧额叶AI显著高于右侧(L-R=0.0643±0.0187,P<0.0001)。结论中度及以上程度感音神经性听力损失婴儿在3~6月龄时大脑皮层功能已与听力正常婴儿产生差异。     

听力障碍和康复的现状及发展

1听力障碍与听力康复概况听力障碍是指听觉系统中的传音、感音、听神经或/和其各级听中枢发生病变,听功能出现障碍,发生不同程度的听力下降。听力障碍病因包括先天性、中毒性、感染性、老年性、噪声性和特发性等。听力障碍相当一部分为感音神经性聋。而绝大多数感音神经性聋的病理基础源于毛细胞的丧失或功能缺陷,实可称为感音性聋;只有少数是听觉中枢通路或皮层上的病变,此为真正的神经性聋。     

正常人及单侧感音神经性聋患者听觉皮层的fMRI研究

目的:利用功能磁共振成像技术研究正常人及单侧长期感音神经性聋患者调幅音刺激任务时听觉皮层的激活,探讨单侧长期感音神经性聋患者听觉皮层优势半球的变化及可能存在的功能重组.方法:对11例健康受试者及21例单侧长期重度感音神经性聋患者分别进行正弦调幅音任务下的功能磁共振扫描,实验刺激声音为500 Hz的载波频率,8 Hz的正弦调幅音.正常对照组分别左、右耳呈现;耳聋组于健耳呈现.采用事件相关Sparse设计采集数据以减少扫描噪音,运用SPM2软件对数据进行统计学分析,得到脑功能活动的图像.结果:正常人组单耳刺激时,对侧听觉皮层激活容积及激活强度均明显大于同侧,表现为明显的对侧半球优势;耳聋组健耳刺激时,双侧听觉皮层均有激活,但仍为对侧优势.结论:听觉中枢具有可塑性,单侧感音神经性聋患者听觉皮层存在着结构重组.     

感音神经性聋患者听觉皮层BOLD-fMRI研究

目的利用血氧水平依赖的功能磁共振成像（blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging,BOLD—fMRI）技术观察感音神经性聋患者纯音刺激时大脑听觉皮层激活情况,探讨感音神经性聋的中枢客观检查方法。方法对22例单侧中重度感音神经性聋患者（耳聋组）和15例健康志愿者（对照组）行听觉刺激BOLD-fMRI检查,比较两组纯音刺激时听觉皮层激活的体积和信号强度。结果对照组纯音刺激单耳时,对侧听觉皮层激活体积和信号强度明显大于同侧（P〈0．01）,表现为对侧半球传导优势;耳聋组刺激健侧时健侧听觉皮层激活体积和信号强度大于患侧,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论感音神经性聋患者纯音刺激健耳时对侧听觉半球传导优势消失,其听觉皮层可能发生了结构重塑。     

氧化应激在感音神经性耳聋中的作用机制

感音神经性耳聋是由于内耳与听觉皮层之间的听觉通路中一个或多个部分发生功能障碍导致的常见疾病,其病因复杂,除遗传因素外,还包括耳毒性药物、噪声暴露以及年龄老化等。全世界有4.66亿人患有中度至重度双耳听力损失,约占世界人口总数的6.1%,听力受损人群逐年增长并呈现年轻化趋势。大量研究证据表明,氧化应激产生过量的活性氧自由基参与包括噪声性聋、年龄相关性聋、药物性聋和突发性感音神经性聋等在内的感音神经性听力损伤过程,是可能的共同性病理环节。本文就氧化应激在上述疾病中的损伤机制进行综述。     

单侧听神经病的临床听力学特征分析[论著]

目的　分析单侧听神经病在单侧感音神经性听力损失中的发病率及其听力学特征。方法　回顾性分析2008年6月～2020年6月广州开发区医院耳鼻咽喉科489例单侧感音神经性听力损失患者,统计单侧听神经病在单侧感音神经性听力损失中的发病率,比较单侧听神经病和单侧一般感音神经性听力损失的纯音听阈,分析单侧听神经病的声导抗、畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）、听性脑干反应（ABR）、视频眼震电图（video-nystagmography,VNG）、内听道MRI检查。结果　489例单侧感音神经性听力损失 患者中单侧听神经病16例（3.27%）,右侧9例,左侧7例;男6例,女10例;年龄9～32岁,平均21岁;平均病程为2.6年。单侧听神经病纯音听阈多为重度以上听力损失,16例单侧听神经病患耳重度或极重度听力损失12例,中重度平坦型听力损失3例,高频下降型听力损失1例。单侧听神经病患者与单侧一般感音神经性听力损失患者的纯音听阈在125、250、500、1000、2000、4000、8000 Hz频段比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DPOAE双耳均能引出,但患耳对侧声抑制效应消失;ABR结果显示14例患耳100 dB nHL强度刺激下未引出任何波形,2例患耳90 dB nHL强度刺激下仅引出V波;VNG结果显示3例患耳单侧半规管功能减退,2例患耳出现对侧优势偏向;8例行内听道MRI检查中3例患耳听神经缺如。结论　单侧听神经病临床并不罕见,与一般单侧感音神经性听力损失纯音听阈相比具有明显差异。临床工作中对单侧感音神经性听力损失要完善全面听力学检查,特别是完善影像学MRI检查,对诊断及鉴别诊断均具有重要意义,尽量避免单侧听神经病漏诊。     

低频感音神经性听力损失的病因分析

目的分析低频感音神经性听力损失的病因,以避免漏诊和误诊。方法对56例低频感音神经性听力损失患者详细了解其病史,进行仔细的耳科常规检查及纯音听阈（PTT）、声导抗、听性脑干反应（ABR）、畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）、耳蜗电图（ECochG）及CT和/或MRI检查,综合分析各项结果。结果在56例患者中病因不明的急性低频感音神经性听力损失38例,梅尼埃病9例,听神经病6例,听神经瘤1例,多发性硬化1例,小脑半球旁蛛网膜囊肿1例。结论低频听阈升高的上坡型感音神经性听力损失可见于多种疾病。对低频感音神经性听力损失应采用多项组合的听力学检测方法进行检查和综合分析,必要时辅以CT和/或MRI检查可以及时、有效地作出可靠的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

成人感音神经性聋的听觉稳态反应反应阈与纯音听阈

目的探讨成人感音神经性聋的听觉稳态反应（auditory steady-state responses,ASSR）反应阈与纯音听阈的关系。方法选择中国医科大学附属一院耳鼻咽喉科门诊感音神经性聋的成人患者,分别进行纯音听力测试、ASSR检查,比较ASSR在0.5、1、2、4 kHz频率处的反应阈与纯音听阈的相关性及按听力损失程度比较两者的差值。结果 ASSR反应阈与纯音听阈在各频率处的相关系数分别为0.840、0.905、0.886、0.924;随着感音神经性听力损失的加重二者的差值明显缩小。随着频率的增加,两者的差值明显缩小。结论成人感音神经性聋ASSR反应阈与纯音听阈有显著相关性,随着听力损失的加重,ASSR反应阈愈接近纯音听阈,ASSR作为成人感音神经性聋听力定量诊断的客观方法有很大的临床应用价值。     

既往存在感音神经性听力损失突发性聋患者临床特征与疗效分析

目的探讨既往存在感音神经性听力损失突发性聋患者临床特征与疗效。方法对61例(63耳)既往存在感音神经性听力损失突发性聋患者的临床资料进行系统性分析,包括临床表现、疗效评估等,与同期收入院的既往不存在感音神经性听力损失突发性聋患者资料对比,分析发病和影响疗效的高危因素,总结该病发生、发展及预后的特点。结果既往存在和不存在感音神经性听力损失突聋患者的性别、现患耳侧别、病程差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),发病年龄差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。既往存在和不存在感音神经性听力损失突聋患者的听力曲线类型、听力损失程度差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),既往存在感音神经性听力损失突聋患者总有效率低于既往不存在感音神经性听力损失突聋患者总有效率,差异有显著统计学意义(χ²=6.915,P=0.009),既往存在感音神经性听力损失突聋患者痊愈率低于既往不存在感音神经性听力损失突聋患者痊愈率,差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.221,P=0.638)。结论既往存在感音神经性听力损失突聋患者病因复杂,疗效较差,应加大研究制定个性化的诊疗方案。     

感音神经性耳聋的早期识别与临床干预

感音神经性耳聋是临床常见问题,若不能及时发现和正确干预,可导致儿童听觉言语发育迟缓,以及情感、心理和社会交往等综合能力的发展。新生儿听力筛查与新生儿基因筛查使得感音神经性耳聋的早期发现成为可能。儿童期的听力筛查工作很大程度上弥补了因迟发性、渐进性或获得性听力损失导致的新生儿听力筛查漏诊的不足。感音神经性耳聋通过主客观听力检测技术可获得早期诊断,通过药物治疗、选配助听装置等获得早期干预。永久性感音神经性听力损失作为一种慢性疾病,传统的以医生为中心的医疗服务模式不足以满足患者需求,以患者、家庭或社区为中心的医疗服务模式逐渐被重视。     

Results of an evaluation of clinical practice in orthognathic surgery in France in 2002

BACKGROUND: Over the years, orthognathic surgery has become a mainstay of maxillofacial surgery and is the object of many publications and oral communications. However, in spite of well-established methodology, disparities still exist in France basically concerning the way orthognathic surgery is performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In relation with the XXXIXth congress of Stomatology and Maxillofacial surgery, a questionnaire was mailed to 100 French maxillofacial surgeons. Questions dealing with some practical points of orthognathic surgery (condylar positioning, osteosynthesis technique, rate of condylar resorption.) were asked. RESULTS: Overall reply rate was 37%. Condylar positioning was performed empirically in 73% of the cases. Mandibular osteosynthesis was achieved by titanium miniplates alone in 70%. Post-operative condylar resorption rate was about 2%. This survey produced numerous astute comments. DISCUSSION: This survey highlighted the interest of maxillofacial surgeons for practical aspects of orthognathic surgery including the questions of condylar positioning or osteosynthesis technique. These points are instrumental in achieving high-quality surgical result.     

Use of ultrasound in detection of sinus disease in children

A prospective study utilizing a small, portable A-Mode ultrasound apparatus (Sinus-V 2500 Radionics Medical) was undertaken to screen children with signs and symptoms of sinusitis. Fifty-three children (age 2-16 years) were tested both by ultrasound and compared to standard radiographs of the paranasal sinuses. The sensitivity of the ultrasound to evaluate small, developing paranasal sinuses in children was low (22%). Sinus pathology, particularly mucosal thickening, was difficult to confirm. However, even opacified sinuses were only detectable in 58% of the time. Therefore, portable ultrasound devices to detect sinus disease in children, have limited usefulness for this particular population.     

Efficacy of Curcumin in the healing of paracentesis in rats

Objectives

The present study was designed to investigate the possible beneficial effect of Curcumin (CMN) in healing of paracentesis in terms of wound thickness, sclerosis and closure by histological evaluation. To evaluate the efficacy of CMN, paracentesis was performed experimentally in the rats; and the results were presented histologically.

Methods

Sixteen, each 270–310 g weighted, healthy Sprague-Dawley female rats were included into the study. In both groups, paracentesis was performed into the eardrum bilaterally. In Group 1 (Paracentesis + Saline Group), saline drop was applied; and in Group 2 (Paracentesis + Curcumin group), Curcumin drop treatment was applied. Paracentesis area did not healed bilaterally in two rats (one in Group 1 and one in Group 2). Therefore, these two rats were excluded from the study. Histological examination performed in 14 rats and 28 temporal bones on the 15th day after the completion of drop treatment and closure of the paracentesis-area and wound healing were evaluated according to the histological examination criteria: Thickening of the tympanic membrane (ThicTM); and sclerosis.

Results

Both tympanic membrane thickening and sclerosis values of Paracentesis + Curcumin Group (Group 2) were significantly lower than those of the Paracentesis + Saline Group's (median: 2.0) (p = 0.001). Histological examination by light microscopy showed that in Paracentesis + Curcumin Group (Group 2), the structure of the tympanic membrane is near to the normal and decreased sclerosis was observed in connective tissue. Whereas in Paracentesis + Saline Group (Group 1), tympanic membrane thickening and connective tissue sclerosis were observed.

Conclusions

Curcumin improves wound healing process in paracentesis of TM. By using Curcumin drops, the closured paracentesis area was observed near to the normal eardrum; and thickness of the TM and sclerosis were less than the control, showing the improved healing at 15th day. The possible mechanisms may be anti-inflammatory effect, improving collagen deposition, and increasing fibroblast and vascular density in wounds thereby enhancing impaired wound healing.