腹腔镜手术对比开腹手术在结直肠癌根治术中的安全性及远期疗效评估

目的 探讨开腹手术与腹腔镜手术在结肠癌根治术中的安全性及远期疗效.方法 选取结直肠癌患者92例,将采用腹腔镜治疗的42例患者纳入研究组,将采用开腹手术治疗的50例患者纳入对照组.观察2组患者的手术时间,术中出血量,淋巴结清扫数目,腹腔引流量,肛门恢复排气时间,住院时间等疗效指标;观察2组患者术中术后并发症的发生情况;随访3年,对比2组患者的生存情况.结果 观察组患者术中出血量,肛门恢复排气时间和住院时间均显著小于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;观察组患者手术时间,淋巴结清扫数目,腹腔引流量与对照组相比差异无统计学意义,P ＞0.05.2组患者并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.观察组患者术后1年、2年、3年生存率分别为100.00％,95.23％,88.09％;对照组患者术后1年、2年、3年生存率分别为96.00％,86.00％,74.00％.2组3年生存率差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论 腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌可达到传统开腹手术相当的治疗效果,其远期生存率高于传统开腹手术.     

腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗低位直肠癌的临床疗效

目的分析开腹手术和腹腔镜治疗低位直肠癌的临床疗效。方法选择2010年2月至2014年2月间收治的88例低位直肠癌患者,根据手术方法分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,每组44例。观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、排气时间、住院时间、术后并发症及局部复发率、远处转移率、排尿及排便障碍的发生率。结果两组患者均成功完成手术,腹腔镜组术中无转开腹手术患者。腹腔镜组患者术中出血量、排气时间及住院时间均低于开腹组(P<0.05)。两组手术时间及术后吻合口漏、吻合口出血、肠梗阻的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);腹腔镜组切口感染率为0.0%,显著低于开腹组的13.6%(P<0.05)。两组患者1年后局部复发率、远处转移率、排尿及排便障碍的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗低位直肠癌的手术时间、近期疗效与远期疗效相当,但腹腔镜具有出血少、恢复快、创伤小等优势,可以有效降低切口感染率,缩短住院时间,保障治疗质量。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术在老年结直肠癌治疗中的疗效及安全性分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜与开腹手术在老年性结直肠癌治疗中的疗效及安全性.方法 对进行结直肠癌根治术的老年结直肠癌患者80例进行回顾性分析,按照手术方式不同将其分为观察组43例和对照组37例,观察组患者进行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,对照组进行开腹手术.对2组患者围手术期情况、胃肠功能恢复情况、并发症发生情况以及生活质量恢复情况进行观察与比较.结果 观察组患者手术时间及医疗费用较对照组略高,但差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05);术中出血量、下床活动时间以及住院时间方面观察组均远远优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).手术后对照组患者胃动素及胃泌素分泌量均显著下降(P＜0.05),而观察组与术前相比差异不显著(P＞0.05);观察组肠鸣音恢复时间及肛门排气时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组患者并发症发生率为11.63％,对照组并发症发生率为40.54％,2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组患者术后生活质量恢复有效率无统计学差异(P＞0.05),但观察组患者改善率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜手术治疗老年结直肠癌具有良好的疗效及安全性,利于胃肠功能及患者生活质量恢复,可作为老年性结直肠癌的临床首选手术方式.     

腹腔镜与开腹Miles术治疗直肠癌的临床疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹Miles术治疗直肠癌的临床疗效。方法选择2009年1月至2011年1月间收治的直肠癌患者120例,根据手术方法将其分为腹腔镜组(54例)和开腹组(66例)。腹腔镜组采取腹腔镜Miles直肠癌根治术,开腹组采取传统开腹Miles直肠癌根治术。结果腹腔镜组术中出血量显著低于开腹组(P<0.05),但手术时间长于开腹组(P<0.05);两组淋巴结清扫数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹腔镜组术后胃肠功能恢复时间、肛门排气时间、术后下床时间、进食流质食物时间及住院时间显著低于开腹组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后1、3、5年的生存率差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜与开腹Miles术治疗直肠癌的远期临床疗效相同,具有出血少、创伤小、术后恢复速度快、住院时间短等优势,适于临床全面推广。     

减孔腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌的近期与远期疗效观察

目的探讨减孔腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌的近期与远期疗效。方法选择80例直肠癌患者,根据随机数字表法,将其分为观察组及对照组,每组40例。对照组给予常规腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,观察组给予减孔(2孔)的腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,对比2组患者的围术期指标、病理学指标、2组中转开腹比例、术后1个月并发症发生率及术后3年无病存活率。结果观察组的手术时间明显较对照组长,但术中出血量、切口长度、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。肿瘤距肛门距离、远切缘距肿瘤下缘距离、淋巴结清扫数目对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组中转开腹及术后并发症发生率对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后3年无病存活率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论减孔腹腔镜手术与常规腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌的近远期疗效相当,但减孔腹腔镜手术可缩短患者的术后恢复时间,具有一定优势。     

腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术与传统开腹手术的临床疗效比较

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术对直肠癌的临床疗效。方法 2006年1月至2008年9月期间收治的直肠癌患者120例,根据手术方式不同分为腹腔镜和开腹组,每组60例。腹腔镜组患者采用腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术治疗,开腹组患者行传统开腹手术治疗,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、排气时间、导尿管留置时间、术后住院时间以及手术前后血清CRP、IL-6水平,随访并比较两组患者1、3、5年生存率。结果腹腔镜组患者手术时间较开腹组长(P<0.05),术中出血量、术后排气时间、导尿管留置时间、术后住院时间均少于开腹组(P<0.05)。两组患者清扫淋巴结数目及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。开腹组患者术后血清CRP和IL-6水平均高于腹腔镜组(均P<0.05)。两组患者1、3、5年生存率差异无统计学意义,腹腔镜组>60岁患者的3、5年生存率高于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术与传统开腹手术的近期和远期疗效相似,但具有手术创伤小、患者恢复快、能够保护机体免疫功能等优点,适宜在临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌的疗效.方法 将96例老年结直肠癌患者.按照入院顺序抽签后随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组:进行开腹手术治疗.实验组:进行腹腔镜下手术.观察患者手术情况、胃肠功能恢复情况、IL-6、IL-8水平变化情况.结果 实验组手术时间、术中出血量优于对照组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).两组患者切除标本长度、淋巴结清扫总数对比,无统计学差异(P＞0.05).实验组腹胀持续时间、肛门排气时间短于对照组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).实验组胃动素、胃泌素水平高于对照组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).实验组治疗后IL-6水平高于治疗前,低于对照组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).实验组治疗后IL-8水平低于对照组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).对照组治疗后IL-6、IL-8水平高于治疗前,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌效果较好,患者手术时间、术中出血量低,腹胀持续时间、肛门排气时间短,胃动素、胃泌素水平恢复较好,IL-6、IL-8水平可得到有效改善,临床应用价值较高.     

腹腔镜联合肠镜治疗结直肠癌合并肠梗阻的60例疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合肠镜治疗结直肠癌合并肠梗阻的疗效.方法 选取60例结直肠癌合并肠梗阻患者,按随机数字表法分为2组.观察组(31例)先行肠镜支架置入,再行腹腔镜手术;对照组(29例)行腹腔镜手术.观察并记录患者围手术期指标、远期复发转移、3年生存率及随访3年期间并发症发生情况,以评价腹腔镜联合肠镜治疗结直肠癌合并肠梗阻的疗效.结果 观察组患者手术时间、住院时间和肛门排气时间均明显短于对照组患者(P＜0.05),术中出血量明显少于对照组患者(P＜0.05),而淋巴结清扫数目则明显多于对照组患者(P＜0.05).观察组局部复发率,远处转移率及3年生存率与对照组相比,无统计学差异(P＞0.05).随访3年期间,观察组并发症共计5例,对照组13例,观察组并发症发生率相比更低(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜联合肠镜能有效缓解肠梗阻,降低手术风险,远期疗效与腹腔镜手术治疗效果相当,值得临床推广使用.     

腹腔镜D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌的疗效及并发症。方法选取2014年3月至2016年1月间攸县人民医院收治的64例进展期胃癌患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组与对照组,每组32例。观察组患者采用腹腔镜D2根治术,对照组患者采用传统开腹远端胃切除术。比较两组患者手术相关指标、术后1个月机体功能恢复情况、并发症发生率及1年生存率。结果观察组患者手术切口长度和手术用时少于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、开始进食时间、住院时间及术后胃部出血量均少于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者并发症发生率为12.5%,低于对照组患者的37.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者1年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用腹腔镜D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌患者疗效显著,可减少手术用时和术后胃部出血量,促使患者康复,降低疾病病死率,安全性较高。     

75岁以上老年患者腹腔镜结直肠癌手术安全性的研究

目的 探讨75岁以上老年结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术的安全性、可行性.方法 回顾总结我院2005年12月至2010年12月收治行腹腔镜手术与传统开腹手术的75岁以上老年结直肠癌患者的临床资料,比较同期73例腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组)与71例开腹手术(开腹组)患者的一般情况、疾病分类、ASA(手术危险程度)分级、术中指标、术后恢复、术后并发症.结果 腹腔镜与开腹手术组病例在年龄、性别、疾病分类、术前合并症、ASA(手术危险程度)分级上均无显著性差异.腹腔镜组、开腹组手术时间分别为(185.20±40.12)min、(190.50±45.35)min,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).腹腔镜组、开腹组术中出血量分别为(105.36±50.28)ml、(210.42±90.51)ml.术后肛门排气时间分别为(3.15±1.65)d、(5.48±2.46)d,进食流质时间分别为(4.38±2.19)d、(6.13±1.98)d,住院时间分别为(9.45±1.24)d、(14.57±3.86)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).腹腔镜组、开腹手术组无手术相关死亡,并发症发生率分别为23.9%(17/73)和43.2%(32/71)(P<0.01).结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌手术具有微创的优点,对于75岁以上老年结直肠癌患者安全、可行,并发症发生率低,是治疗老年人结直肠肿瘤较好的选择方法.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia, myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives, and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P less than 0.05). Similarly, relatives of decreased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P less than 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P less than 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P less than 0.001). The opinions of patients were similar to those of their relatives. However, the relatives of leukemia patients were even more satisfied with the contact with the medical staff than the patients themselves (P less than 0.05). As many as 10-30% of the relatives never gave up hope for their relative's survival. Only two out of 27 deaths were considered not dignified. The lung carcinoma patients reported a less good quality of life (P less than 0.001), and less satisfaction with the information given (P less than 0.01), than the hematological patients from the same year. Similarly, their attitude to the medical care improved less (P less than 0.01), and they were less content with the general care than the leukemia group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)