新疆结核病患者中TTV感染的检测及意义

[目的]了解输血传播病毒(TTV)在新疆结核病患者中的感染情况. [方法]采用套式PCR方法检测229例结核病患者及180例一般人群血清进行TTV-DNA检测,并分析TTV-DNA阳性者的临床特点. [结果]在229例结核患者中共检出51例TTV-DNA阳性血清,总检出率为22.3%,其中老年结核患者组TTV-DNA阳性率为36.8%(21/57),中年结核患者为18%,青少年结核患者组为15.9%,老年结核患者组TTV-DNA阳性率明显高于中年结核患者组和青少年结核患者组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).维吾尔族与汉族相比,以及男性与女性相比均无统计学差异(P>0.05). [结论]新疆结核病患者中存在较高的TTV感染,老年结核病患者更加容易感染TTV.     

上海地区部分人群输血传播病毒（TTV）感染的研究

目的调查上海地区输血传播病毒(TTV)在不同人群中的感染情况,探索TTV的高危人群和传播途径.方法应用半巢式PCR方法检测TTVDNA,并抽取部分阳性标本的PCR产物(249bp)测定核苷酸序列.结果检测有关人群8组计473例,其中非甲～非庚型肝炎病人60例,甲～庚型肝炎病人102例,血液透析病人55例,血液病儿童38例,健康人群68例,以及性病病人、静脉吸毒人群、肝癌病人各50例.TTVDNA总阳性率28.33%(134/473).阳性率波动在17.64%～50%.8组人群中静脉吸毒人群阳性率高达50%(25/50),性病组阳性率36%(18/50),该2组人群TTV感染率与健康人群(17.64%)相比均有显著性差异(x2=14.01P＜0.001,x2=5.12P＜0.05).其余各组群阳性率差异比较无统计学意义.将肠道传播途径的组群(甲、戊肝)与血液传播途径的组群(静脉吸毒者、血液病疾患、血液病人及乙、丙肝病人)比较分析,其阳性率分别为25.49%、32.17%.二者无显著性差异(x2=0.46,P＞0.05).20份阳性标本扩增产物测序结果,核苷酸序列与日本株(N22)同源性在85%以上的有15例,在＜85%的有5例.结论研究证实上海地区存在较广泛的TTV感染,其中静脉毒瘾者与性病患者为高危人群,传播途径除经血感染外,可能存在性接触传播及其他非血源性传播途径.TTV在人群中存在携带状态,可能是致病性不强的病毒.上海地区存在TTV毒株的变异.     

溶脲脲原体感染者中输血传播病毒DNA的检测

目的：调查输血传播病毒（TTV）在溶脲脲原体感染者中的感染状况，探讨TTV的传播途径。方法：在TTV，ORF1保守区设计引物，建立套式聚合酶链反应（NPCR），检测52例溶脲脲原体感染者和34例普通体检人群分泌物中TTV—DNA。结果：在52例溶脲脲原体感染者中检出19例TTV-DNA阳性，检出率为36．5％，而普通体检人群TTV-DNA阳性率为2．9％，两组差异有统计学意义（χ^2=13．0 P〈0．01）。结论：溶脲脲原体感染者是TTV感染的高危人群，性接触是TTV传播的重要途径之一。     

海口市吸毒人群TT病毒与肝炎病毒感染状况的调查

目的：研究海口市吸毒人群病毒与甲－庚型肝炎病毒感染状况。方法：对221例吸毒者进行不同因素分析，采用巢式PCR法检测血清中的TTV DNA，对一株TTV部分基因序列进行了测定，用ELISA法检测甲－庚型肝炎病毒。结果：221名吸毒人群中TTV DNA与甲－庚型肝炎病毒感染率分别为HBV45.7%,TTV DNA31.6%，HCV11．8％、HGV10．4％，HEV2．2，HAV0．4％，静脉毒瘾者，有非固定婚外性伴侣等因素与TTV，HBV，HCV感染有关，TTV与甲－庚型肝炎病毒均存在合并感染；一株TTV DNA序列与GenBank中主要序列核苷酸同源性大于98％，结论：吸毒人群是TTV和肝炎病毒感染的高危人群，静脉毒瘾者，有非固定性伴侣是TTV，HBV，HCV传播的重要因素，TTV还存在非血源性传播途径。TTV与甲－庚型肝炎合并感染后引起的作用尚须作进一步研究。     

青岛地区部分人群输血传播病毒感染情况调查

[目的]了解青岛地区不同人群中输血传播病毒（TTV）感染情况。[方法]1998-1999年应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测青岛市部分不同人群血清抗-TTVIgG，以巢式PCR反应测定抗-TTVIgG阳性血清和部分阴性血清的TTVDNA。[结果]血清抗-TTVIgG阳性率，健康体检者，献血员，卖淫女，各类肝病患者分别为9.9%(66/665），7.0%(13/185),12.5%(3/24),15.3%(21/137)；血清TTVDNA阳性率，抗-TTVIgG阳性与阴性者分别是96.1%(99/103),7.9%(3/38)。[结论]青岛地区不同人群TTV感染较常见。应对献血员进行TTV感染指标的检测。     

老年肝炎患者中输血传播病毒感染状况的研究

目的了解输血传播病毒(TTV)在老年病毒性肝炎患者中的感染状况,探讨TTV感染与老年病毒性肝炎的关系。方法取老年病毒性肝炎患者血清作TTV-DNA扩增,微板核酸杂交-ELISA技术作TTV检测及TTV基因分型。结果135例老年病毒性肝炎患者中TTV-DNA阳性者21例,阳性率为15.6%;TTV基因型主要为Ⅰ型(76.2%),TTV单独感染仅2例(9.5%),重叠感染率达90.5%,两者差异具显著性(P<0.01)。结论老年病毒性肝炎患者中TTV感染率较高,TTV可能是老年急性病毒性肝炎的主要病因之一。感染TTV基因型主要为Ⅰ型。可单独或混合感染,多与其他肝炎病毒感染同时存在,尤其是HBV、HEV。     

青岛地区部分人群输血传播病毒感染情况调查

[目的 ]了解青岛地区不同人群中输血传播病毒 (TTV)感染情况。 [方法 ] 1 998～ 1 999年应用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)检测青岛市部分不同人群血清抗 TTVIgG ,以巢式PCR反应测定抗 TTVIgG阳性血清和部分阴性血清的TTVDNA。 [结果 ]血清抗 TTVIgG阳性率 ,健康体检者、献血员、卖淫女、各类肝病患者分别为 9 9% (66/ 665)、7 0 %(1 3/ 1 85)、1 2 5 % (3/ 2 4 )、1 5 3 % (2 1 / 1 37) ;血清TTVDNA阳性率、抗 TTVIgG阳性与阴性者分别是 96 1 % (99/ 1 0 3)、7 9% (3/ 38)。 [结论 ]青岛地区不同人群TTV感染较常见。应对献血员进行TTV感染指标的检测。     

TTV在性病高危人群中的感染状况（附166例报告）

为调查性病高危人群中输血传播病毒（ＴＴＶ）的感染状况，我们在ＴＴＶＯＲＦ１保守区设计引诱的，建立巢式聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ），检测１６６例性病高危人群和９０例普通体检人群血清中ＴＴＶＤＮＡ。发现本组性病高然人群中有３４例ＴＴＶＤＮＡ阳性，阳性率为２０．５％，而普通体检人群的阳性率为４．４％（Ｐ〈０．００５）。显示性病高危人群亦是ＴＴＶ感染的高危人群性接触是获得ＴＴＶ感染的重要途径之一。     

我国不同人群输血传播病毒感染调查

目的　了解不同人群输血传播病毒 (TTV)的感染状况。方法　采用套式PCR法检测血清标本中TTVDNA ,并对其中 1株TTV的部分基因序列进行了测定。结果　不同人群TTVDNA阳性率分别为 :正常体检人群 10 .3% ,献血员 43.7% ,吸毒者 15 .6% ,血液透析病人5 4.4% ,妓女 65 .0 % ,慢性丙型肝炎病人 2 5 .0 % ,非甲～庚型肝炎 0 / 11。结论　TTV在各类人群中均有较高的感染率     

上海市不同人群HGV和TTV感染状况调查

[目的]了解上海市一般人群和高危人群中HGV和TTV的感染状况。[方法]采用整群随机抽样方法挑选一般人群和高危人群进行问卷调查,并采用ELISA方法检测血清抗-TTVIgM、抗-TTVIgG和抗-HGVIgG。[结果]本市一般人群抗-TTVIgG和抗-HGVIgG的阳性率分别为20.9%和37.5%;血透患者抗-TTVIgM、抗-TTVIgG和抗-HGVIgG的阳性率分别为:26.2%、24.6%和41.5%;性病患者抗-TTVIgG和抗-HGVIgG的阳性率分别为:19.8%和24.2%;慢性肝炎患者抗-TTVIgM、抗-TTVIgG和抗-HGVIgG的阳性率分别为:47.0%、33.3%和45.5%;急性肝炎患者抗-TTVIgM、抗-TTVIgG和抗-HGVIgG的阳性率分别为:41.7%、25.0%和25.0%;医务人员抗-TTVIgG和抗-HGVIgG的阳性率分别为4.4%和23.3%。[结论]本市一般人群和高危人群存在水平不等的HGV和TTV感染。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.