内镜引导下激素经导管法咽鼓管吹张治疗分泌性中耳炎的短期疗效评估

目的 探讨内镜引导下激素经导管法咽鼓管吹张给药治疗分泌性中耳炎(secretory otitis media,SOM)的有效性.方法 收集2018年1～6月就诊于陕西省人民医院治疗的68例(110耳)SOM患者,按随机数字表法分为咽鼓管吹张给药组(A组)和咽鼓管吹张组(B组).A组在单耳给予地塞米松注射液(5 mg)和...     

导管法咽鼓管吹张激素对药物治疗欠佳的分泌性中耳炎短期疗效观察[论著]

目的　探讨导管法咽鼓管吹张激素能否改善药物治疗欠佳的分泌性中耳炎的短期疗效。方法　收集2020年1月1日～2021年12月31日就诊于陕西省人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科经正规药物治疗2周症状缓解不明显的分泌性中耳炎患者128例,年龄≥16岁,分为实验组（64耳）和对照组（64耳）,实验组治疗方案为导管法咽鼓管吹张吸入用布地奈德混悬液+鼻喷激素+口服黏液促排剂,对照组为鼻喷激素+口服黏液促排剂。治疗结束后2周和1个月复查,评估患者主观听力和耳闷等症状缓解情况,耳内镜观察鼓膜相及鼓膜活动度,声导抗检查记录鼓室压力图,纯音听阈测定记录气导及气骨导差（ABG）等用以评估疗效,ETDQ-7咽鼓管功能评分量表评估咽鼓管功能。结果 实验组治疗总有效率为90.63%（58/64）,对照组总有效率为78.13%（50/64）,两组比较差异无统计学意（χ2=2.000,P =0.154）。ETDQ-7咽鼓管功能评分量表显示两组治疗后咽鼓管功能较治疗前均有所改善,差异有统计学意义（P 均<0.05）,治疗后实验组咽鼓管功能改善高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t =-2.32,P =0.023）。结论　对于保守治疗效果欠佳的分泌性中耳炎患者,导管法咽鼓管吹张激素可有效改善其症状,甚至达到痊愈,从而避免鼓膜穿刺、鼓膜置管等有创治疗,不良反应和并发症少,是一种有效的治疗选择。     

鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管吹张注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

分泌性中耳炎是临床常见病,治疗多采用咽鼓管通气或鼓膜穿刺抽液治疗,疗效不一,易反复发作。自１９９８年以来,采用鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管吹张注药治疗分泌性中耳炎４５例（５０耳）,疗效满意,现报告如下。１资料与方法１．１临床资料 ４５例（５０耳）,男２８例,女１７例,年龄８～５８岁,病程５天～２年,右耳２３例,左耳１７例,双耳５例。症状：均有听力减退,耳内闷胀感,自听增强,部分有低调性耳鸣;检查：鼓膜混浊内陷２０耳,轻度慢性充血８耳,鼓室有积液２２耳;纯音测听：传导性聋３８耳,混合性聋１２耳,听阈（０．２５…     

电子喉镜下咽鼓管吹张治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的观察电子喉镜下咽鼓管吹张治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法分泌性中耳炎患者69例(77耳)随机分为两组,一组行鼓膜穿刺术(穿刺组,38耳),一组电子喉镜引导下行咽鼓管吹张(吹张组,39耳),分别治疗3次,每次间隔5天,比较两组疗效。结果两组患者治疗后,穿刺组治愈20耳,好转15耳,无效3耳,总有效率92.1%,吹张组治愈22耳,好转16耳,无效1耳,总有效率97.4%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论电子喉镜引导下咽鼓管咽口吹张操作简便、安全、疗效好,可作为分泌性中耳炎的治疗方法之一。     

咽鼓管吹张器治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析系统评价咽鼓管吹张器(Autoinflation)在儿童慢性分泌性中耳炎(OME)临床疗效、依从性、安全性.方法 检索PubMed、OVID、Embase、Cochrane Library、Proquest、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方、CNKI数据库(自建库至202...     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管导管吹张法治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎

分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的病因至今尚不完全明了,因此SOM的治疗方法很多,其中如何改善咽鼓管功能,促进中耳积液排除被受重视.咽鼓管导管吹张为治疗措施之一,但在小儿SOM治疗中,这一方法由于要求技术操作熟练程度高,或者小儿不能很好的配合治疗,使咽鼓管导管吹张在小儿(SOM)治疗中实施颇感困难.随着鼻内镜在临床的广泛应用,不仅能给我们提供直观的检查咽鼓管咽口的手段,而且给治疗带来了方便.2002年2月～2003年8月我们采用小儿鼻内镜引导下进行咽鼓管导管吹张治疗SOM取得了良好效果.现报告如下.     

中耳治疗仪自动咽鼓管吹张加高渗盐水鼻腔冲洗联合治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨中耳治疗仪自动咽鼓管吹张加鼻腔冲洗联合治疗病程较长的儿童分泌性中耳炎(OME)的疗效.方法 选择病程6~10周、年龄3~7岁的28例OME患儿,随机分为治疗组(17例34耳)及对照组(11例22耳),对照组予以糠酸莫米松喷鼻、口服沐舒坦糖浆及开瑞坦糖浆治疗4周,治疗组给予上述相同药物治疗的同时,以中耳治疗仪自动咽鼓管吹张并给予高渗盐水鼻腔冲洗治疗,每天两次,连续四周;两组治疗前后均进行声导抗、纯音测听、耳内镜检查,比较两组疗效.结果 治疗组治愈19耳,好转9耳,总有效率82.35%(28/34);对照组治愈5耳,好转7耳,总有效率54.55%(12/22);前者高于后者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 中耳治疗仪自动咽鼓管吹张与高渗盐水鼻腔冲洗联合治疗病程较长的儿童OME患者疗效较好.     

鼻内镜下导管吹张法治疗分泌性中耳炎

分泌性中耳炎是临床常见病,病因至今尚未完全明了,冬春季多发,是引起小儿听力下降的常见原因之一[1,2],治疗以服用抗生素、激素、清除中耳积液为主.2004年3月～2005年3月我科采用鼻内镜下导管吹张法治疗分泌性中耳炎27例(36耳),结果满意.报道如下.     

咽鼓管吹张术：从古至今

咽鼓管可能是人体最复杂的结构之一,在很长一段时间“养在深闺人未识”。1563年,罗马大学解剖学家Eu-stachius(约1510/1520～1574)最早描述了咽鼓管有骨部和软骨部,咽鼓管的管腔呈卵圆形,以及咽鼓管从鼓室向鼻咽的走行方向。Eustachius认为咽鼓管只是引流鼓室病理性分泌物的通道,为了纪念Eustachius的贡献,后人也将咽鼓管称为欧氏管。1683年,伟大的耳科学家DuVerney(1648～1730)认识到咽鼓管的重要功能是恢复和调节鼓室压力,他认为,咽鼓管应当是持续开放的,这样,当鼓膜向内、向外运动时,可以为空气提供一个通风口。1704年,Valsalva(1666…     

分泌性中耳炎咽鼓管功能障碍的临床观察

目的：分析成人分泌性中耳炎咽鼓管主动和被动开放功能,方法：以正－负压平衡试验法,检测34耳外伤性鼓膜穿孔和57耳分泌性中耳炎鼓膜切开后的咽鼓管功能。结果：外伤性鼓膜穿孔耳的咽鼓管开放压分布在175－400kPa间,正压平衡试验时,经3次吞咽全部受检耳外耳道压力都降至所加压力的一半以下,负压平衡试验时,全部受检耳外耳道压力都有部分恢复。在57耳分泌性中耳炎耳中,咽鼓管开放压超过400kPa的11耳;正压平衡试验时,23耳不能恢复到压负荷的一半水平,负压平衡试验时,45耳经3次以上吞咽,外耳道鼓室压基本无变化。结论：成人分泌性中耳炎的咽鼓管功能,以负压平衡试验障碍为主,表现为主动开放功能不良。     

Eustachian tube function varies over time in children with secretory otitis media

Impaired opening and closing functions of the Eustachian tube are considered to be pathogenic factors in secretory otitis media (SOM). As the clinical course of SOM is variable, the variability of tubal function is of interest. We aimed to explore the short- and long-term variability of tubal opening and closing functions in SOM. The study comprised 42 ears in 21 children (13 males and 8 females) with tympanostomy tubes due to SOM. The middle ear pressure was recorded during repeated passive forced openings, equalization of + 100 daPa and - 100 daPa by swallowing, Valsalva inflation and forceful sniffing. Test sessions were performed twice (separated by 30 min) on each of 2 days, with a mean interval of 3.7 months in between. In the forced opening test there was a considerable intra-individual variability over time. Expressed as SD of the mean, the variability of the forced opening and closing pressures in individual ears was on average 15% and 23%, respectively, between sessions and 20% and 30% respectively, between test days. In the equalization, Valsalva and sniff tests the rates of responses that changed from positive to negative between sessions and test days ranged from 12% to 33%. Female gender and retraction pockets were related to poorer opening function in the forced opening test. Ears with serous effusion (in contrast to mucoid) showed a similar trend and also a lower occurrence of positive equalization, Valsalva and sniff tests. It was concluded that Eustachian tube opening and closing functions are highly variable in ears with SOM. Consequently, single tubal function tests have low value when used as a prognostic tool in individual ears.     

局麻下咽鼓管球囊扩张术加鼓膜置管术治疗顽固性分泌性中耳炎

目的：探讨局麻下咽鼓管球囊扩张术加鼓膜置管术治疗顽固性分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法收集顽固性分泌性中耳炎患者20例（24耳）,于门诊局麻下,结合鼻内镜经鼻腔径路行咽鼓管咽口球囊扩张,并行鼓膜置管。所有患者均于术后3个月拔出T型管。结果术后随访6个月,18例患者耳闷塞感、听物朦胧感症状明显减轻,未再出现鼓室内积液。2例术后仍有耳内闷胀及听力下降,耳内镜检查示鼓室积液未吸收,再次置入T型通气管后症状改善。结论局麻下行咽鼓管球囊扩张术加鼓膜置管术治疗顽固性分泌性中耳炎疗效显著,对于改善咽鼓管功能方法安全可行,并发症极小,是一种微创的新方法。     

Eustachian tube function and tympanic membrane findings after chronic secretory otitis media

OBJECTIVE: The etiology of secretory otitis media (SOM) is multifactorial. The main factors discussed are infection and tubal dysfunction. This study aimed to detect poor tubal function and tympanic membrane pathology in young adults after extremely long-standing SOM. METHODS: Thirty-four patients, 16-25 years old, with previous chronic SOM persisting at least 6 years (mean 11.2 years, range 6.2-18.6 years), were retrospectively examined at a mean of 18 years after their first myringotomy or tube insertion and comparison was made with 15 controls. The medical records were scrutinized, otomicroscopic examination was performed and the Eustachian tube function was studied in a mini pressure chamber. RESULTS: The mean age at SOM onset was 2.4 years (range 0.5-8.4 years) and the mean period from the last myringotomy or when the last tube had disappeared to follow-up was 6.7 years (range 1.3-12.8 years). Tympanic membrane pathology was found in 76% of the ears of SOM patients and in none (0%) of controls (P<0.001). The youngest patients had more atrophy than the older patients (P<0.05) and more myringosclerosis was observed in patients with shorter interval between SOM ending and examination. The patients were found to have significantly poorer active tubal function; i.e. higher inability to equilibrate negative or negative and positive middle ear pressure, compared with controls (P<0.001). The majority of the patients (74%) still experienced some kind of discomfort in their ears at the time of examination. CONCLUSIONS: Still in adulthood patients with chronic SOM during childhood exhibit dysfunction of the tube and tympanic membrane pathology to a high extent.     

纤维喉镜下咽鼓管导管治疗分泌性中耳炎36例临床分析

目的:总结并分析在纤维喉镜电视监视下用咽鼓管导管行咽鼓管吹张＋注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法:在纤维喉镜电视监视下用咽鼓管导管行咽鼓管吹张＋注药治疗分泌性中耳炎３６例４１耳。结果:临床观察４~１２个月,显效:１８耳,占４３．９%;有效:１５耳,占３６．６%;无效:８耳,占１９．５%,总有效率为８０．５%。结论:此法操作简单,不破坏鼓膜的生理结构,并发症少,是改善分泌性中耳炎患者咽鼓管功能,提高其听力的一种有效治疗方法。     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张联合仙璐贝氧驱动雾化治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的观察鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张联合仙璐贝氧驱动雾化吸入治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将76例患者随机分为对照组与治疗组,对照组给予常规药物治疗,治疗组采取鼻内镜下咽鼓管咽口检查、负压吸引、咽鼓管吹张及同步仙璐贝氧驱动雾化吸入治疗,并进行疗效评价。结果单个疗程对照组总有效率72.1%,治疗组总有效率93.2%,两组总有效率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。两个疗程对照组总有效率86.8%,治疗组95.4%,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张联合仙璐贝氧驱动雾化治疗有利于咽鼓管功能恢复,早期改善症状,提高听力,是治疗分泌性中耳炎的有效方法。     

Variability of Eustachian tube function in children with secretory otitis media. Evaluations at tube insertion and at follow-up

OBJECTIVE: Despite the variable clinical course of diseases related to Eustachian tube function, the variability of tubal function has been less focused than outcomes of single tests. This study aimed to compare the passive and active tubal function and its variability in children with secretory otitis media (SOM) at tube insertion and at follow-up. METHOD: Thirty-eight ears in 19 children aged 4-10 years (mean 7.0 years) with long-standing SOM were examined 4-6 h after tube insertion, at 4 months and at 9 months. The pressure in the middle ear and the nasopharynx were recorded while performing (1) forced opening test, (2) equalization of +100 and -100 daPa, (3) Valsalva test, and (4) sniff test. The procedure was repeated after 30 min. Relationships were analyzed by uni- and multi-variate analysis of variance. RESULTS: From tube insertion to 4 months, the mean forced opening pressure increased from 282+/-128 to 355+/-153 daPa (P<0.01), and the mean closing pressure from 91+/-51 to 126+/-82 daPa (P<0.01). There was no further change at 9 months. Female gender, serous effusion (in contrast to mucoid), and more than three previous episodes of acute otitis media were related to higher opening and closing pressures. At tube insertion, 60% and 16% equalized +100 and -100 daPa, respectively, and 28% succeeded in performing Valsalva inflation. The sniff test was positive in 32%, indicating a closing failure. These rates did not change significantly over time. For individual ears, outcomes of all tests varied considerably when retested after 30 min; P(o) changed by +/-12% and P(c) by +/-26%, and 9-29% of the ears changed from a positive to negative response, or vice versa, in the equalization, Valsalva, and sniff tests. CONCLUSIONS: The unexpected finding of weaker closing forces at the day of tube insertion and increased tubal resistance at follow-up might be ascribed to changes in the muco-adhesive forces related to the disease and tube treatment. The pronounced intra-individual variability of test outcomes indicates that tubal function is dynamic and variable in ears prone to SOM, which emphasizes that results of single tubal function tests have very low prognostic value.     

Eustachian tube function before recurrence of otitis media with effusion

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of eustachian tube function in the development of recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME) in children treated with tympanostomy tubes for OME. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Three academic and general hospitals. PATIENTS: Children aged 2 to 7 years with a first clinical episode of OME that persisted for at least 3 months; 136 (81%) of 168 eligible children participated. All children received tympanostomy tubes for bilateral OME at study entry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Recurrence of OME within 6 months of tube extrusion. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were present in eustachian tube function test results between ears that developed recurrent OME and those that did not. The difference in passive ventilatory function between ears with and without OME recurrence was 10 daPa (95% confidence interval, -24 to 43 daPa) for opening pressure and -3 daPa (95% confidence interval, -18 to 11 daPa) for closing pressure. The overall difference in the proportion of ears with and without OME recurrence that could not equilibrate positive and negative applied pressures was 12% (95% confidence interval, -2% to 26%). The proportions of ears with and without OME recurrence that induced negative pressure in the middle ear by forcefully sniffing were 22% and 31%, respectively (P = .75). CONCLUSION: Measurement of ventilatory and protective eustachian tube function using the forced response test, the pressure equilibration test, and the sniff test has no value in predicting whether children have an increased risk of OME recurrence.