单侧极重度感音神经性听力损失患者试戴BAHA结果分析

目的:了解单侧极重度感音神经性听力损失患者佩戴骨导助听器BAHA的获益情况。方法:对16例单侧极重度感音神经性听力损失患者进行BAHA的纯音助听听力测试,双耳在裸耳状态下声场安静环境中的言语识别阈测试和MHINT测试,比较未助听与助听后的结果。结果:BAHA对患耳侧来的声源有较好的阈值补偿作用,但对于在安静和噪声中的言语识别阈无明显提升作用。结论:根据该研究和患者的感受,反馈BAHA对于单侧极重度听力损失的获益不大。患者选配前需要进行相关测试了解获益情况,再决定是否植入或佩戴BAHA。尚需要进一步了解单侧极重度感音神经性听力损失患者长期佩戴BAHA后的获益情况。     

助听器配戴与感音性聋患者的言语识别

目的：感音性耳聋者的纯音听力水平与选配助听器的声增益特性对言语识别率提高的讨论。方法：８５例６岁～９０岁双耳感音性聋者单耳选配耳背式助听器,经１年以上随访,对助听耳的纯音听力、最佳言语识别率、助听器的声增益特性进行分析。结果：８５例助听耳平均言语识别率为６０±２４％,裸耳言语识别率为 ５０±２６％,平均残留听力水平（１２５Ｈｚ～８ ０００Ｈｚ）为 ５５±１１ｄＢＨＬ。结论：８５例感音性耳聋者助听耳的言语识别率（Ｙ）与残留听力水平（Ｘ）之间的相关关系为：Ｙ＝－０．８０８Ｘ＋１０４。     

对称性聋患者单耳助听后双耳言语识别率差别探讨

目的通过检测对称性聋患者单耳助听后双耳言语识别率的差别来进一步研究听觉剥夺效应。方法选取右耳助听4～5年的双耳对称性感音神经性聋患者15名,在标准隔声室中,测试其双耳的纯音气导和骨导听闻,然后再采用汉语普通话单音节词表分别进行左右裸耳言语识别率测试,并将所得数据进行对比研究。结果15名受试者右耳配戴助听器前及配戴4～5年后两耳间平均听阈无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;受试者右耳助听前及助听4～5年后左、右耳平均听阀前后无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;右耳助听4～5年后,受试者左、右耳裸耳言语识别率存在显著性差异（t=2．76,P=0．02〈0．05）。结论对称性感音神经性聋患者单耳助听后裸耳平均听阈无显著改变,但非助听耳言语识别能力显著下降。     

听神经病患者噪声下言语测听临床应用与分析

目的对比听神经病患者安静与噪声下言语识别率的差异并与正常受试者、感音神经性听力损失组、听神经瘤组进行比较。方法测试在符合国家标准的隔声室内进行,纯音测试及言语测试应用校准后丹麦耳听美Conera听力计Otosuite(版本号4.82)联结计算机输出言语声,受试者佩戴头戴式耳机TDH-39、B71骨导振动器测试纯音。言语识别测试材料采用解放军总医院郗昕编制的《普通话言语测听—单音节识别测试》词表,在安静和噪声环境下,分别测试听神经病患者10例、感音神经性聋患者11例、听神经瘤患者11例和听力正常受试者10例患者在平均听阈、阈上10dB、20dB、30dB处的言语识别率以及信噪比为-0、-5、-10、-15dB的言语识别率得分。结果听神经病患者在噪声下言语识别能力明显低于听神经瘤组、感音神经性听力损失组以及正常听力组(P<0.05);具有相似听力阈值及听力曲线的AN患者,给予安静及不同噪声强度测试,可呈现较差及较好二级分化的SRS曲线;正常组在信噪比为-0、-5、-10、-15dB的环境下,信噪比为10dB时对比自身安静环境言语识别得分无显著性差异(P>0.05),而听神经病组、听神经瘤组和感音神经性听力损失组在-10 SNR处均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。听神经病患者在安静环境下随刺激声强度的升高会出现"回跌"现象。听神经病患者总体水平在安静与噪声环境下纯音听阈与言语识别得分均与无相关性(R2=0.07),其他三组呈现负的弱相关或强相关。结论安静环境下言语识别能力较好的听神经病患者在噪声环境中下降程度更为显著,相对于安静环境言语识别测试更加敏感;采用平均阈上30dB及-10dB信噪比测试,所得言语识别得分可作为临床评价言语功能的敏感指标,且对于听神经病诊断和病变定位及程度分析更具有现实意义,能够更全面评估听神经病患者的言语交流能力。     

影响助听效果的相关因素分析

目的：研究影响中～重度感音神经性聋助听效果的相关因素。方法：选择中～重度感音神经性聋耳60例,分别测试其助听前后各项听力学指标,并考察可能影响助听效果的因素,对结果进行因子分析。结果：助听前听阈（HL）、言语察觉阈（SPT）、言语识别阈（SRT）、言语识别率（SRS）以及助听HL对助听效果有显著影响,而受试者的最适阈（MCL）、年龄、受教育时间、耳聋时间、助听器佩戴时间对助听效果也有一定作用。结论：助听器不只是一个听力补偿工具,而且具有一定的治疗作用。     

用芬兰噪声中言语测听试验评估感音神经性聋

现代社会中 ,在日常噪声环境中理解言语是一种最基本的技能。已经证实感音神经性聋的患者与听力正常者相比噪声中言语辨别力下降。本实验的目的是观察感音神经性聋的不同程度对噪声中言语识别阈的影响。方法和材料 :对 15 1例有不同程度感音神经性聋的患者 (所有骨气导听阈差在 10 d B以内 ) ,及 2 0名正常听力者 (所有纯音听阈小于 2 0 d B HL)进行纯音测听 ,还对其中 91例受试者进行了安静环境下的言语识别阈测定。计算机化的芬兰语噪声中言语识别阈试验就是从 5 10个双音节词中随机选取测听材料并在不同的信噪比与语言噪声进行数字化混…     

感音神经性听力损失患者不同噪声模式下的言语识别能力研究

目的　研究不同噪声模式对听力正常者和感音神经性听力损失者言语识别能力的影响。方法　通过MATLAB软件播放儿童版汉语普通话噪声下言语测试句表,测试25名听力正常受试者和20例感音神经性聋受试者分别在安静环境、语谱噪声、双人语噪声下的言语识别能力,分析两者在安静和两种噪声模式下对语句感知能力的差异。结果　随信噪比降低,听力正常者在语谱噪声下言语识别率低于双人语噪声,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。感音神经性听力损失者在信噪比+5 dB时,双人语噪声下言语识别率低于语谱噪声,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 　两种噪声模式对比,听力正常者在双人语噪声下言语识别率更高,感音神经性听力损失者在语谱噪声下言语识别率更高。     

自适应动态范围优化技术临床应用效果探讨

目的比较宽动态范围压缩线路(wide dynamic range compression,WDRC)助听器和自适应动态范围优化线路(adaptive dynamic range opti mization,ADRO)助听器的助听性能。方法选择具有2年以上WDRC线路助听器配戴史的中重度感音神经性听力损失青年人9名(13耳),分别配戴WDRC线路助听器和ADRO线路助听器,经8周适应期后,通过问卷调查和言语识别率测试对不同压缩线路助听器的助听效果进行评估。结果问卷调查结果显示,受试者配戴WDRC线路助听器在适宜交谈的安静环境(EC)、具有背景噪声的环境(BN)、存在回响和混响的环境(RV)、令人厌恶的或突然的声音(AV)的聆听困难度(不适度)的得分分别为20.2%、33.5%、45.6%、38.9%;配戴ADRO线路助听器在EC、BN、RV、AV的聆听困难度(不适度)的得分分别为17.9%、35.4%、53.6%、46.9%。言语识别率测试结果则显示,无论是处于安静环境或噪声环境,针对不同强度的声音信号,受试者配戴ADRO线路助听器所记录的言语识别率较配戴WDRC线路助听器所记录的言语识别率平均可提高8%~10%(P值均<0.05)。结论自适应动态范围优化线路助听器的助听性能优于宽动态范围压缩线路助听器。     

听觉剥夺效应及对听力康复的影响

对称性听力损失 (根据纯音听阈和言语识别率 )的患者如果仅单耳佩戴助听器 ,那么未助听耳的言语识别率可能在随后的时间里呈进行性的下降 ,Ｓｉｌｍａｎ(1984)将这种现象称作迟发性听觉剥夺 (ｌａｔｅ -ｏｎｓｅｔａｕｄｉｔｏｒｙｄｅｐｒｉｖａｔｉｏｎ)。他首先报道了 44例双侧中重度感音神经性聋的男性 ,单耳佩戴助听器后 4到 5年有 17例对侧耳发生显著的言语识别率下降 ,并提出这一概念 ,值得注意的是纯音听阈和言语识别阈几乎没有改变[1 ] 。此后许多研究也得出相似的结果 ,并深入探讨了它的发生机制及预防措施。 1996年 15位著名听力…     

蓝牙伴侣辅助重度感音神经性聋患者接听移动电话效果观察

目的研究Epoq V蓝牙伴侣(Streamer)辅助重度感音神经性聋患者助听后接听移动电话的效果。方法选择具有数字耳背机助听器佩戴史的重度感音神经性聋患者16名,双耳试戴Epoq V并调试至最佳,在安静环境和噪声环境下,分别直接接听移动电话和使用蓝牙伴侣接听移动电话,通过言语识别率测试进行效果评估。结果在安静环境下,受试者直接接听移动电话和使用蓝牙伴侣接听移动电话的言语识别率相似,分别为62.3%±17.6%和58.3%±16.7%;在噪声环境下,受试者使用蓝牙伴侣接听移动电话时的言语识别率(58.3%±16.7%)比直接接听移动电话时(48.0%±18.9%)高约10%(P<0.05)。结论在噪声环境下,蓝牙技术能有效辅助重度听障者接听移动电话。     

Children with hearing impairment--living with cochlear implants or hearing aids

Objective

The aim of this study was to enhance knowledge about the life circumstances of children with cochlear implants or hearing aids, regarding daily functioning and attitude to the impairment.

Methods

Data were obtained from 36 children with cochlear implants and 38 children with hearing aids via study-specific questionnaires with fixed answer alternatives. The questions covered (1) usage of aids and related factors, (2) hearing in different everyday situations, (3) thoughts about the children's own hearing and others’ attitudes to it, and (4) choice of language. The data were analyzed using SPSS, and presented via the theoretical frame of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Child and Youth version (ICF-CY).

Results

Children with CI and HA functioned equally well in daily life, but there were also certain differences. Symptoms from neck and shoulders were more common among children with hearing aids than among children with cochlear implants (p < .001). Children with hearing aids used their aids significantly less often than those with cochlear implants (p < .001). The participation variables showed that children with hearing aids had significantly more hearing problems in team sports (p = .033) and outdoor activities (p = .019), in comparison to children with cochlear implants. The two groups had similar thoughts regarding their own hearing, mostly considering it not to be a problem. They also did not generally think that other people found their hearing to be a problem.

Conclusions

Children with cochlear implants and children with hearing aids have, in some aspects, equally good functioning in everyday life situations. However, certain differences were found in dimensions of functioning, regarding neck and shoulder pain, usage of aids and sign language, and hearing problems in some activities.     

Wireless and acoustic hearing with bone-anchored hearing devices

Objective: The efficacy of wireless connectivity in bone-anchored hearing was studied by comparing the wireless and acoustic performance of the Ponto Plus sound processor from Oticon Medical relative to the acoustic performance of its predecessor, the Ponto Pro. Study sample: Nineteen subjects with more than two years' experience with a bone-anchored hearing device were included. Thirteen subjects were fitted unilaterally and six bilaterally. Design: Subjects served as their own control. First, subjects were tested with the Ponto Pro processor. After a four-week acclimatization period performance the Ponto Plus processor was measured. In the laboratory wireless and acoustic input levels were made equal. In daily life equal settings of wireless and acoustic input were used when watching TV, however when using the telephone the acoustic input was reduced by 9?dB relative to the wireless input. Results: Speech scores for microphone with Ponto Pro and for both input modes of the Ponto Plus processor were essentially equal when equal input levels of wireless and microphone inputs were used. Only the TV-condition showed a statistically significant (p?<5%) lower speech reception threshold for wireless relative to microphone input. In real life, evaluation of speech quality, speech intelligibility in quiet and noise, and annoyance by ambient noise, when using landline phone, mobile telephone, and watching TV showed a clear preference (p?<1%) for the Ponto Plus system with streamer over the microphone input. Due to the small number of respondents with landline phone (N?=?7) the result for noise annoyance was only significant at the 5% level. Conclusion: Equal input levels for acoustic and wireless inputs results in equal speech scores, showing a (near) equivalence for acoustic and wireless sound transmission with Ponto Pro and Ponto Plus. The default 9-dB difference between microphone and wireless input when using the telephone results in a substantial wireless benefit when using the telephone. The preference of wirelessly transmitted audio when watching TV can be attributed to the relatively poor sound quality of backward facing loudspeakers in flat screen TVs. The ratio of wireless and acoustic input can be easily set to the user’s preference with the streamer’s volume control.     

Rehabilitation of patients with hearing disorders using hearing aids and tactical hearing measures

After a brief summary of the problems of rehabilitation of hearing-impaired subjects, the optimal conditions for rehabilitation with hearing aids are presented: a) The right timing is crucial. b) Optimal provision of hearing aids must be carried out in close co-operation between the patient, the hearing aid technician and the otolaryngologist. c) Easy handling of the hearing aid and the use of attachments must be guaranteed. d) The hearing-impaired person must be fully informed as to the extent and type of hearing loss. He/she must accept the affliction and know about the possibilities of rehabilitation. The patient's motivation is a pre-requisite for all further steps. e) The patients must learn tactical measures to make optimal use of their hearing ability in relation to their environment. Hearing tactics consist of hearing training and a change in the attitude of the hearing-impaired patients themselves and their attitude towards their surroundings.     

听力障碍新生儿随访中听力恢复正常的原因分析

目的：分析新生儿普遍听力筛查中3个月内诊断为听力障碍婴儿其听力恢复正常的原因。方法：2001年11月～2005年6月在上海市出生并接受新生儿普遍听力筛查未通过者,转至上海市儿童听力障碍诊治中心接受听力学评估,均在出生3个月内诊断为听力障碍,并进行听力学跟踪随访至少6个月,对听力恢复正常者进行分析。结果：出生3个月内诊断为听力障碍者681例,随访6～24个月听力恢复正常者94例（115耳）,占13．8％。听力恢复正常者中发现有鼓室积液56例（64耳）,占59．6％;未发现有明确器质性原因者38例（51耳）,占40．4％。听力恢复正常115耳中听力障碍轻度105耳,占91．3％;中度8耳,占7．0％;中重度2耳,占1．7％;重度和极重度无恢复正常者。结论：出生3个月内诊断有听力障碍的患儿,随年龄增长其听力恢复正常的可能性以轻、中度聋为大。恢复原因主要是分泌性中耳炎自愈和听中枢生理性发育逐渐成熟。     

Novel-word learning in children with normal hearing and hearing loss

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess performance on a novel-word learning task by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children for words varying in form (noun versus verb), stimulus level (50 versus 60 dB SPL), and number of repetitions (4 versus 6). It was hypothesized that novel-word learning would be significantly poorer in the subjects with hearing loss, would increase with both level and repetition, and would be better for nouns than verbs. DESIGN: Twenty normal-hearing and 11 hearing-impaired children (6 to 9 yr old) participated in this study. Each child viewed a 4-minute animated slide show containing 8 novel words. The effects of hearing status, word form, repetition, and stimulus level were examined systematically. The influence of audibility, word recognition, chronological age, and lexical development also were evaluated. After hearing the story twice, children were asked to identify each word from a set of four pictures. RESULTS: Overall performance was 60% for the normal-hearing children and 41% for the children with hearing loss. Significant predictors of performance were PPVT raw scores, hearing status, stimulus level, and repetitions. The variables age, audibility, word recognition scores, and word form were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that a child's ability to learn new words can be predicted from vocabulary size, stimulus level, number of exposures, and hearing status. Further, the sensitivity to presentation level observed in this novel-word learning task suggests that this type of paradigm may be an effective tool for studying various forms of hearing aid signal processing algorithms.     

Identification of neonatal hearing impairment: infants with hearing loss

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the audiologic findings and medical status of infants who were found to have hearing loss, detected as part of the Identification of Neonatal Hearing Impairment (INHI) project. In addition, the neonatal and maternal health variables for the group of infants who could not be tested with visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) due to developmental and visual disability are presented. DESIGN: The overall goal of the INHI project was to evaluate the test performance of auditory brain stem response and evoked otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests given in the newborn period. These tools were evaluated on the basis of the infants' hearing when tested behaviorally with VRA at 8 to 12 mo corrected age. The neonatal test results, VRA results, medical history information and a record of intercurrent events occurring between the neonatal period and the time of VRA were collated and reviewed. The purpose of this article is to review the characteristics of those infants who were found to have hearing loss. RESULTS: Of 2995 infants who had VRA tests judged to be of good or fair reliability, 168 had a finding of hearing loss for at least one ear, an incidence of 5.6%. Sixty-six infants had bilateral losses, an incidence of 2%, and 22 infants had bilateral hearing losses in the moderate to profound range, an incidence 0.7%. The prevalence of middle ear problems was greater than 50% among these infants with hearing loss. From the larger group of 168 infants with hearing loss, a group of 56 infants (86 ears) was chosen as those with a low probability that the hearing loss was due to transient middle ear pathology and was more likely hearing loss of a permanent nature. These were the infants used for the analyses of neonatal test performance (Norton et al., 2000). In this selected group there were 30 infants with bilateral impairment of at least mild degree, which is an incidence of 1%. There were approximately equal numbers of ears in the mild, moderate, severe and profound range of hearing loss. Risk factors associated with hearing loss were reviewed for the total sample of infants tested with VRA and for those infants with hearing loss. A history of treatment with aminoglycosides was the risk factor most often reported in the entire sample; however, there was no difference in prevalence of this risk factor for the normal-hearing and hearing-impaired groups. The risk factor associated with the highest incidence of hearing loss was stigmata of syndromes associated with sensorineural hearing loss and other neurosensory disorders. Sixty-seven infants who returned for follow-up could not be tested with VRA due to severe developmental delay or visual disability. Many of these infants had medical histories indicating the sequelae of extreme prematurity and/or very low birthweight. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the hearing losses found in this study were mild and, based on clinical history and tympanometry tests, many of the mild and some of the moderate impairments may have been acquired in early infancy due to middle ear effusion. In the group of infants used for determination of neonatal test performance there were approximately equal numbers of mild, moderate, severe and profound losses. Only a small percentage of infants with a conventional risk indicator for hearing loss actually had a hearing loss, and there were a significant number of infants with hearing loss who did not have a risk indicator. These findings support the need for an early identification program based on universal neonatal hearing screening rather than by targeted testing of those with risk indicators.     

Directional hearing aid benefit in listeners with severe hearing loss

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the potential for directional hearing aid benefit in listeners with severe hearing loss at multiple SNRs for both auditory only and audio-visual presentation modes. Speech recognition performance was measured using the connected speech test at six SNRs individually determined for each subject in order to avoid floor and ceiling effects. The results revealed significant directional benefit was present at all tested SNRs in the presence of visual information. For auditory only presentations, significant directional benefit was only present at the least positive SNR. The largest directional benefit was measured at the poorest tested SNR for both auditory only and audiovisual presentation modes. The results of this study generally support small but significant directional for listeners with severe hearing loss benefit in a difficult listening environment both with and without the presence of visual information.     

Directional hearing aid benefit in listeners with severe hearing loss

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the potential for directional hearing aid benefit in listeners with severe hearing loss at multiple SNRs for both auditory only and audio-visual presentation modes. Speech recognition performance was measured using the connected speech test at six SNRs individually determined for each subject in order to avoid floor and ceiling effects. The results revealed significant directional benefit was present at all tested SNRs in the presence of visual information. For auditory only presentations, significant directional benefit was only present at the least positive SNR. The largest directional benefit was measured at the poorest tested SNR for both auditory only and audio-visual presentation modes. The results of this study generally support small but significant directional for listeners with severe hearing loss benefit in a difficult listening environment both with and without the presence of visual information.

Sumario

El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar el beneficio potencial de los auxiliares auditivos direccionales en personas con hipoacusia severa en múltiples condiciones de señal/ruido (SNR) tanto en modo auditivo como en audio-visual. Se midió el desempeño en el reconocimiento del lenguaje mediante la prueba de lenguaje conectado a seis diferentes SNR, determinados en cada individuo para evitar el efecto de piso/techo. Los resultados revelan un beneficio direccional significativo en las seis condiciones de prueba en presencia de información visual. En la presentación exclusivamente auditiva, el beneficio sólo se presentó con la SNR menos positiva. El mayor beneficio direccional se midió con la SNR mas pobre tanto en el modo auditivo como en el audio-visual. Los resultados generales de este estudio apoyan que existe un beneficio direccional pequeño pero significativo para personas con hipoacusia severa en ambientes sonoros difíciles, con o sin información visual.     

Noise-induced hearing loss in shipyard workers with unilateral conductive hearing loss

In a study of 6500 workers in the shipbuilding industry, 8 subjects were found to have unilateral conductive hearing impairment established before the noise exposure period and without recurrent attacks of acute or chronic infection or clinical diagnosis of otosclerosis. All subjects demonstrated a more pronounced sensorineural hearing loss at 4.0 kHz in the ear with normal middle ear function. The results show the value of even a small permanent conductive hearing loss for protection against noise-induced hearing loss. The observations are discussed in relation to the role of individual variations in sound transmission, the value of the acoustic reflex in noise-induced hearing loss and the efficiency of continuous use of hearing protectors.