电子喉镜下咽鼓管吹张治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的观察电子喉镜下咽鼓管吹张治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法分泌性中耳炎患者69例(77耳)随机分为两组,一组行鼓膜穿刺术(穿刺组,38耳),一组电子喉镜引导下行咽鼓管吹张(吹张组,39耳),分别治疗3次,每次间隔5天,比较两组疗效。结果两组患者治疗后,穿刺组治愈20耳,好转15耳,无效3耳,总有效率92.1%,吹张组治愈22耳,好转16耳,无效1耳,总有效率97.4%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论电子喉镜引导下咽鼓管咽口吹张操作简便、安全、疗效好,可作为分泌性中耳炎的治疗方法之一。     

激素经导管法咽鼓管吹张治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的观察导管法咽鼓管吹张经空气压缩泵雾化给药(糖皮质激素)治疗分泌性中耳炎的效果。方法收集2012年11月到2013年12月来我院门诊就诊且无鼻腔疾病的分泌性中耳炎患者86例,随机分成两组每组43例,实验组给予糖皮质激素(布地奈德混悬剂)通过导管法咽鼓管吹张经空气压缩泵雾化器吹入患者鼓室内,对照组仅给予传统导管法咽鼓管吹张,两组均口服桉柠蒎肠溶胶囊。结果激素吹张组(实验组)中痊愈36人占83.7%,好转5人占11.6%,无效2人占4.7%。传统导管法咽鼓管吹张组(对照组)中痊愈25人占58.1%,好转14人占32.6%,无效4人占9.3%。结论导管法咽鼓管吹张经空气压缩泵雾化器将药物(糖皮质激素)送入鼓室内可有效治疗分泌性中耳炎,具有治疗安全、有效、费用低、疗程短等优点。     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张联合仙璐贝氧驱动雾化治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的观察鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张联合仙璐贝氧驱动雾化吸入治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将76例患者随机分为对照组与治疗组,对照组给予常规药物治疗,治疗组采取鼻内镜下咽鼓管咽口检查、负压吸引、咽鼓管吹张及同步仙璐贝氧驱动雾化吸入治疗,并进行疗效评价。结果单个疗程对照组总有效率72.1%,治疗组总有效率93.2%,两组总有效率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。两个疗程对照组总有效率86.8%,治疗组95.4%,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张联合仙璐贝氧驱动雾化治疗有利于咽鼓管功能恢复,早期改善症状,提高听力,是治疗分泌性中耳炎的有效方法。     

改良咽鼓管吹张治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的短期疗效评估

目的评估改良咽鼓管吹张治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的可行性、安全性、有效性。方法将我科门诊确诊为分泌性中耳炎的患儿随机分为四组,对照组不接受任何处理,观察等待3个月,药物治疗组使用鼻喷剂+口服抗组胺药+口服粘液促排剂治疗1个月后继续观察2个月,咽鼓管吹张组使用改良咽鼓管吹张器治疗1个月后继续观察2个月,药物+咽鼓管吹张组同时使用药物+咽鼓管吹张治疗1个月后继续观察2个月。结果治疗过程中接受咽鼓管吹张的患儿均能配合完成治疗,无严重的不良反应和不适。治疗1个月后四组的疗效差异有统计学意义,吹张组和药物+吹张组有效率高于对照组和药物治疗组,继续观察2个月后这种差异仍然存在。吹张组和药物+吹张组之间疗效无统计学差异。治疗后吹张组和药物+吹张组气骨导差值明显下降,观察组和药物组治疗前后气骨导差值无变化。结论改良咽鼓管吹张治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎是可行的安全的有效的,在观察等待的3个月中可有效清除中耳积液,降低需要手术的机率。     

鼻内镜下曲安奈德冲洗咽鼓管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎

目的探讨鼻内镜下曲安奈德冲洗咽鼓管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法 42例慢性分泌性中耳炎患者分为2组,治疗组22例29耳,鼻内镜下用曲安奈德冲洗咽鼓管;对照组20例24耳,鼓室内注射地塞米松、α-糜蛋白酶,比较两组疗效。结果治疗组治愈22耳,占75.86%(22/29),好转3耳,占10.34(3/29)%,总有效率86.20%;对照组治愈17耳,占70.83(17/24)%,好转3耳,占12.50%(3/24),总有效率83.33%,两组总有效率无明显差异(P>0.05),但治疗组首次治疗有效率79.31%(23/29)高于对照组首次治疗有效率58.33%(14/24)。结论鼻内镜下曲安奈德冲洗咽鼓管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎疗效与传统鼓膜穿刺给药法疗效相近,但首次治疗有效率高,为慢性分泌性中耳炎的治疗提供了一种新选择。     

鼓膜治疗仪治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床应用

目的探讨鼓膜治疗仪在分泌性中耳炎治疗中的应用。方法将分泌性中耳炎64例（72耳）随机分成两组，其中32例（34耳）（综合治疗组）采用药物治疗＋鼓膜穿刺＋鼓膜治疗仪（威海，SGZ型），32例（38耳）（对照组）采用药物治疗＋鼓膜穿刺＋经鼻咽鼓管吹张治疗，比较两种治疗方法的疗效。结果综合治疗组总有效率94.12%，对照组总有效率78.95%，两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论鼓膜治疗仪辅助治疗分泌性中耳炎可提高疗效，且无明显不良反应，值得临床推广应用。     

改良Valsalva法(玩具式自家鼓气吹鸣器)治疗分泌性中耳炎临床观察

目的评估使用玩具式自家鼓气吹鸣器治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效.方法24名分泌性中耳炎患儿采用改良Valsalva法行咽鼓管吹张,每日3次以上,持续2周后复查,行耳科检查及听力学评估,包括耳镜检查、声导抗及纯音测听,无效者继续3月;另23名同样患儿作为对照组.结果治疗组患儿68%骨气导差减至小于15 dB,对照组为26%,治疗组患儿有62%其声导抗鼓室峰压值恢复正常(大于-100dapa),对照组有29%,统计学分析两组差异有显著性.结论玩具式自家吹鸣器进行改良Valsalva吹张治疗分泌性中耳炎是有效的,儿童使用时有浓厚兴趣,可作为一种治疗分泌性中耳炎的辅助器械.     

导管法咽鼓管吹张激素对药物治疗欠佳的分泌性中耳炎短期疗效观察[论著]

目的　探讨导管法咽鼓管吹张激素能否改善药物治疗欠佳的分泌性中耳炎的短期疗效。方法　收集2020年1月1日～2021年12月31日就诊于陕西省人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科经正规药物治疗2周症状缓解不明显的分泌性中耳炎患者128例，年龄≥16岁，分为实验组（64耳）和对照组（64耳），实验组治疗方案为导管法咽鼓管吹张吸入用布地奈德混悬液+鼻喷激素+口服黏液促排剂，对照组为鼻喷激素+口服黏液促排剂。治疗结束后2周和1个月复查，评估患者主观听力和耳闷等症状缓解情况，耳内镜观察鼓膜相及鼓膜活动度，声导抗检查记录鼓室压力图，纯音听阈测定记录气导及气骨导差（ABG）等用以评估疗效，ETDQ-7咽鼓管功能评分量表评估咽鼓管功能。结果 实验组治疗总有效率为90.63%（58/64），对照组总有效率为78.13%（50/64），两组比较差异无统计学意（χ2=2.000，P =0.154）。ETDQ-7咽鼓管功能评分量表显示两组治疗后咽鼓管功能较治疗前均有所改善，差异有统计学意义（P 均<0.05），治疗后实验组咽鼓管功能改善高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t =-2.32，P =0.023）。结论　对于保守治疗效果欠佳的分泌性中耳炎患者，导管法咽鼓管吹张激素可有效改善其症状，甚至达到痊愈，从而避免鼓膜穿刺、鼓膜置管等有创治疗，不良反应和并发症少，是一种有效的治疗选择。     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张注药治疗急性分泌性中耳炎的临床研究

目的探讨鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张注药联合口服抗生素及黏液促排剂治疗急性分泌性中耳炎的临床效果。方法选取2018年8月—2019年10月门诊急性分泌性中耳炎患者共135例（158耳）作为研究对象,随机分为对照组、常规组及研究组。其中对照组42例（50耳）：接受药物治疗;常规组45例（53耳）：接受药物治疗+鼓膜穿刺术;研究组48例（55耳）：接受药物治疗+鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张注药。经治疗后观察2个月,研究终点时对3组疗效、纯音听阈测试（PTA）、鼓室图变化、有无并发症、复发率及不良反应的数据进行统计学分析。结果3组总有效率比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;3组的复发率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张注药联合口服用药治疗法,安全有效,对急性分泌性中耳炎临床治疗效果好,并发症少及患者接受程度高等优点,值得临床推广。     

自动咽鼓管吹张器治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎

分泌性中耳炎（secretory otitis media,SOM）是以中耳负压或积液及听力下降为主要特征的中耳非化脓性炎性疾病,特别是儿童SOM对儿童的语言和智力发育造成严重影响。对于早期儿童SOM治疗临床上多采用药物治疗同时配合咽鼓管吹张法,但该方法患儿难以配合常导致治疗效果欠佳。我科于2014年2月～2015年2月使用自动咽鼓管吹张器联合药物对比波氏球咽鼓管吹张联合药物治疗儿童SOM取得满意疗效,现报道如下。     

以耳部症状首发、合并鼻咽占位的肉芽肿性多血管炎1例并文献复习

目的 探讨1例临床少见的以耳部症状首发、合并鼻咽部占位的肉芽肿性多血管炎(GPA)的临床特征、实验室检查、病理表现及诊疗过程。方法 回顾性分析患者的病例资料,总结病例特点并回顾国内外GPA相关文献。结果 患者以中耳炎、迷路炎症状为首发表现,合并鼻咽部占位,病程中逐渐出现面瘫,三叉神经刺激症状加重。多次留取耳及鼻咽部活检示急慢性炎症细胞浸润。升级抗生素,同时为避免中耳炎侵犯岩骨及颅内行乳突开放术。中耳局部炎症改善后其耳痛、面瘫等仍不缓解,但激素治疗有效,遂进一步完善自免病相关检查并再次行鼻咽部活检,最终确诊为GPA,予激素及免疫抑制剂治疗得以控制症状。术后3个月暂无显著肺部及肾脏受累表现。结论 临床上发现不典型的中耳炎或常规治疗反复不愈,且逐渐进展出现内耳、颅神经侵犯表现如眩晕发作、面神经麻痹等,同时激素治疗有效,且合并鼻咽部占位、鼻窦炎影像学表现,或累及其他器官如肺、肾脏时,均应考虑到GPA的可能。当反复留取病理活检未能取得特异性确诊依据时,动态监测抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体、红细胞沉降率、尿潜血、胸部CT、血肌酐等也具有重要的提示意义。     

Decreased miRNA-320e correlates with allergy in children with otitis media with effusion

ObjectiveOtitis media with effusion (OME) is a common childhood disease and the main cause of conductive hearing loss in this age group. Many factors predispose to OME but allergy is still widely disputed. The answer may lay in the molecular mechanisms of ear exudate formation and the recent studies showed miRNAs might take part in it. MiRNAs are also potent regulators of allergic response. As miRNAs are present in the middle ear, we hypothesized their expression differs between allergic and non-allergic patients and reflects the difference in pathomechanism of effusion formation between these two groups.Materials and methodsThis study aimed to establish the expression of 5 different miRNAs (miR-223-3p, miR-451a, miR-16-5p, miR-320e, miR-25-3p) in ear exudates in children diagnosed with OME. The allergy group consisted of 18 patients whereas the non-allergic group had 36 patients. MicroRNA was isolated from the middle ear fluid collected during myringotomy and transcribed into cDNA. MiRNA expression was measured with TaqMan™ MicroRNA Assays and analyzed with DataAssist software. The comparative CT method was used for calculating the relative quantification of gene expression based on the endogenous control gene expression (U6 snRNA-001973).ResultsMiR-320e expression was significantly decreased in allergic children with OME. Other studied miRNAs also showed reduced expression in allergic children, but the decrease was not significant.ConclusionsMiRNA expression differs between children with and without allergy in the course of OME, but further studies are needed to explain the exact role of miR-320e and its target genes in OME pathology in allergic patients.     

Experience with vertical partial laryngectomy with special reference to laryngeal reconstruction with cervical fascia

In this paper we report our experience of vertical partial laryngectomy using the superficial cervical fascia; we describe the technique and present the functional and oncological results of this method of treatment. A total of 42 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the true vocal folds, in stage T(1) (n = 28) or T(2) (n = 14), were treated in our department using vertical partial laryngectomy during the decade 1987-1997. Nine patients had post-operative radiotherapy. The shortest follow-up time was three years. There were six recurrences in all, four in the larynx and two in the neck. All four of the laryngeal recurrences were treated with total laryngectomy and are doing well. Both the patients with neck metastases, who were treated with neck dissection, died. Permanent tracheotomy was necessary in one patient. There were no problems with aspiration. The recurrence rate was 14 per cent, the three-year survival index was 95.2 per cent and the three-year larynx preservation index was 90 per cent. According to our experience, vertical partial laryngectomy, using the method we describe, has a good functional and oncological result for stage T(1) and T(2) tumours.     

Cytokines in children with otitis media with effusion

We assayed 38 middle ear effusions from 23 children aged 4–13 years (mean 7) undergoing tympanostomy tube placements. All fluid was assayed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-8, and IL-10. Cytokine concentrations were measured by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Detectable levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 were found in all of the effusions. TNF-α was detected in 18 of the middle ear effusions (47.4%). The mean concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 was, respectively, 0.423 ± 1.39, 30.58 ± 68.7, 7001.9 ± 6743, and 56 ± 58.7 pg/ml. There was a strong, statistically significant correlation between the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β (r = 0.87, P = 0.001) and between IL-1β and IL-8 (r = 0.53, P = 0.001). There was no correlation between the concentrations of IL-10 and other cytokines examined or between tympanic membrane pathology and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, or IL-10. The presence of IL-10 in middle ear effusions may be one of the causes of a lack of clinical features of acute inflammation and may lead to a chronic inflammatory state. Received: 25 August 1999 / Accepted: 5 January 2000     

Polymyositis with dysphagia treated with endoscopic balloon dilatation

Polymyositis is characterized by non-specific inflammatory disease associated with an autoimmune disorder involving muscles of the limbs and neck. We report a case of an 80-year-old man who was referred to our clinic with a chief complaint of dysphagia and muscle weakness in all four limbs. The patient was diagnosed with polymyositis based on pathological findings, muscle weakness, electromyogram findings, and an elevated creatine phosphokinase level. The patient was also positive for HLA-DR3. Intravenous predonine administration was initiated, but dysphagia was not improved. We considered a cricopharyngeal myotomy, but this could not be performed because of heart failure. Endoscopic balloon dilation was performed and dysphagia improved on the same day. Therefore, we suggest that this method is a safe and effective approach for polymyositis with dysphagia.     

Otoacoustic emissions in children with otitis media with effusion

OBJECTIVES: Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) are transmitted from the cochlea to the ear canal via the middle ear and the transmission properties of the middle ear directly influence OAE characteristics. The purpose of this study was to establish the mechanisms of changes occurred in middle ear by tympanometric, audiometric and OAE examination. METHODS: Audiometric and tympanometric examination were performed and otoacoustic emissions were recorded from 22 normal ears and 52 ears with middle ear effusions and repeated 3 months later. RESULTS: Results of the air conduction in study group were significantly different from the control group and we found significant recovery in 3 months. When we analysed the DPOAE evaluation results in our study, some of the DPOAE parameters were found to be different between the control and the study group at low frequencies. Changes in the amplitude, especially at low frequencies, were statistically significant after 3 months. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that measurement of otoacoustic emissions, especially distortion product otoacoustic emissions, is helpful in evaluating the condition of middle ear during the treatment.