局部晚期低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的 探讨术前同步放化疗治疗局部晚期低位直肠癌的安全性和有效性.方法 对临床分期属T3/T4低位直肠癌患者分为A组和B组.A组28例患者,给予术前放疗,同步口服卡培他滨.B组26例患者直接给予手术.结果 A组和B组根治术率分别为82.1％和50.0％ (P ＜0.01),保肛率分别为64.3％和26.9％ (P＜0.0...     

直肠癌Miles术后放化疗同步与单纯化疗效果分析

目的探讨Duke's C期直肠癌患者行腹会阴联合切除术(Miles术)后,予同步放化疗和单纯化疗的疗效差异。方法统计临床病例132例,男69例,女63例。年龄29～71岁。肿瘤距肛门缘均在5cm以下。术后病理检查均是中低分化腺癌,肠壁和(或)系膜淋巴结见转移灶(Duke's C)。其中随机抽取78例予以术后同步放化疗,其余54例采用术后单纯化疗。手术方法:采用腹会阴联合切除术(Miles术)。化疗方案:奥沙利铂130mg/m~2d1,亚叶酸钙100mg/m~2 d1～5,氟尿嘧啶350mg/m~2 d1～5(每月1次,连续6个月)。放射治疗方法:术后放射治疗定位采用CT模拟机,应用15MVX线,1.8Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量50.4Gy。术后4周内,放射治疗与第一个疗程的化疗同步进行。结果①局部复发率:术后随访5年,局部复发18例,其中化疗组12例,复发率22.22%,放化疗同步组复发6例,复发率8.33%。经x~2检验有统计学差异;②远处转移:术后随访5年,远处转移65例,其中化疗组28例,转移率51.85%,放化疗同步组转移37例,转移率47.44%。经x~2检验无统计学差异;③5年生存率:术后随访5年生存53例,其中化疗组16例,生存率29.63%,放化疗同步组生存37例,生存率47.44%。经x~2检验有统计学差异。结论①Duke's C期直肠癌患者行腹会阴联合切除术(Miles术)后,同步放化疗组较单纯化疗组局部复发率明显下降;②Duke's C期直肠癌患者行腹会阴联合切除术(Miles术)后,同步放化疗组较单纯化疗组远处转移率未见差异;③Duke's C期直肠癌患者行腹会阴联合切除术(Miles术)后,同步放化疗组较单纯化疗组5年生存率有明显提高。     

Intensified concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy intensified with irinotecan in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Eligible patients had nonmetastatic disease at a locally advanced stage that made R0 resection and sphincter preservation uncertain. They received preoperative radiation over 6 weeks to 45 Gy and boost of 5.4 Gy and concurrent continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil 250 mg m(-2) day(-1) and weekly irinotecan 40 mg m(-2). In all, 37 patients entered the study. T stage at baseline as determined by ultrasound was T2/T3/T4 in 2/19/16 patients; 31 patients had lymph node involvement. The predominant toxicity was diarrhoea (grade 3/4 in 10/2 patients). Haematologic toxicity and surgical complications were moderate. Among 36 patients undergoing surgery, 32 (89%) had R0 resection and 23 (64%) sphincter preservation. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved in eight (22%) of 36 patients, and 10 patients (28%) had only microscopic residual disease. At 4 years, overall survival was 66%, disease-free survival 73%, local relapse rate 7%, and distant failure rate 24%. Extent of resection and postoperative nodal status were significant predictors of overall and disease-free survival. Intensified neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with irinotecan can be safely administered and results in a high pCR rate.     

直肠癌同步放化疗所致急性骨髓抑制的临床和物理因素分析*

目的:分析直肠癌患者同步放化疗所致急性骨髓抑制的临床和物理因素,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法:回顾性分析2012年1 月至2015年8 月重庆医科大学附属第一医院肿瘤科接受同步放化疗的直肠癌患者62例,在放疗计划系统中勾画患者的骨盆,将其分成腰骶骨、髂骨及骨盆下部3 部分。应用单因素和多因素分析方法研究直肠癌患者临床和物理因素与急性骨髓抑制的关系。临床因素有患者的性别、年龄、临床分期、原始血色素水平、化疗方案、是否手术及放疗方式;物理因素包括腰骶骨、髂骨、骨盆下部及骨盆V 5、V 10、V 15、V 20、V 25、V 30、V 35、V 40、V 45、V 50、最大剂量（Dmax）及平均剂量（Dmean）。 结果:全组≥ 2 级急性骨髓抑制发生率为61.3%（38/ 62）。 单因素分析显示性别、化疗方案、腰骶骨V 45、髂骨V 20和髂骨V 30与急性骨髓抑制的发生有关。Logistic多元回归分析发现化疗方案和髂骨V 30是影响急性骨髓抑制发生的高危因素,使用受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic,ROC ）确定髂骨V 30的界值为44% 。结论:急性骨髓抑制是受多因素综合影响的结果,在直肠癌患者治疗中应综合考虑肿瘤局部控制率和急性骨髓抑制的关系,优选化疗方案,且髂骨V 30控制在44% 以下。      

直肠癌新辅助放化疗临床效果的评估

直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤,直肠癌发病率近年有上升趋势。全直肠系膜切除术（total mesorectal excision ,TME ）是直肠癌的最主要治疗手段,但局部进展期直肠癌患者术后局部复发率高、保肛率低,新辅助放化疗成为局部晚期直肠癌的优选治疗手段。直肠癌新辅助治疗后的临床效果是临床医生关注的焦点。直肠癌新辅助治疗效果的预测及评估关系到后续治疗方案的选择,影响患者的生存期及生活质量。     

Enrichment of CD133‐expressing cells in rectal cancers treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy is an independent marker for metastasis and survival

BACKGROUND:

The transmembrane glycoprotein CD133 (cluster of differentiation 133; also known as Prominin or PROM1) has been described as a potential stem cell marker in colorectal cancer and is associated with higher tumorigenic potential and resistance to radiochemotherapy (RCT). In this study, CD133 expression was evaluated in pre‐RCT tumor biopsies and the corresponding post‐RCT surgical specimens from patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma, and expression levels were correlated with histopathologic features and clinical follow‐up.

METHODS:

One hundred twenty‐six patients with International Union Against Cancer (UICC) stage II/III rectal cancer who received preoperative 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based RCT within the German Rectal Cancer Trials were investigated. Pre‐RCT and post‐RCT CD133 expression levels were determined using immunohistochemistry and were correlated with histopathologic parameters, tumor regression grade, cancer recurrence, and patient survival.

RESULTS:

Compared with pre‐RCT biopsies, significantly higher CD133 expression was observed in tumor specimens (P = .01). However, no correlations were observed for either biopsies or tumor specimens between CD133 expression levels, histopathologic characteristics, or survival. In matched analyses of corresponding biopsy/tumor pairs, patients who had an increased fraction of CD133‐expressing (CD133+) cells after preoperative RCT had significantly higher residual tumor stages (P = .02) and lower histopathologic tumor regression (P < .01). Moreover, these patients had significantly reduced disease‐free survival and cancer‐specific overall survival in univariate analysis (P < .001 and P = .004, respectively) and multivariate analysis (P = .003 and P = .024, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

The enrichment of CD133+ cancer cells during preoperative RCT was correlated with minor local tumor response, increased distant cancer recurrence, and decreased survival. The current results indicate that the up‐regulation of intratumoral CD133 expression, in contrast to absolute pre‐RCT and post‐RCT CD133 levels, plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis in patients with rectal cancer who are receiving neoadjuvant RCT. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

消癌平联合同步放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的：观察消癌平注射液联合同步放化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效。方法：选取２００７年７月１日～２００７年１０月３１日经病理学证实为局部晚期鼻咽癌６９例患者（按９２年福州分期Ⅲ、ⅣＡ期的低分化鳞状细胞癌）,随机分成两组：消癌平组（同步放化疗联合消癌平）３９例和对照组（同步放化疗）３０例。两组同步放化疗均采用常规放疗技术照射和ＴＰ方案化疗（多西他赛７５ｍｇ／ｍ２ｄ１,顺铂１００ｍｇ／ｍ２ｄ２,２８天重复）。消癌平组中消癌平注射液４０ｍｌ＋５％葡萄糖注射液２５０ｍｌ,ｄ１～ｄ７。治疗期间每周观察口咽反应、皮肤反应、骨髓抑制等副反应。同步放化疗结束后２周观察患者机能状态及免疫功能。放疗后３个月、１２个月评价有效率（ＣＲ＋ＰＲ）。结果：消癌平组患者的体力状况评分（ＫＰＳ评分）较对照组优。口咽反应、皮肤反应、骨髓抑制等不良反应在消癌平组均较对照组轻（Ｐ＜０.０５）。消癌平组有效率高于对照组（８９.７４％ ｖｓ．７３.３３％）,差别有统计学意义（Ｐ＝０.０３７５）。结论：消癌平注射液联合放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌能减轻放化疗的副反应,提高肿瘤患者的生存质量,并能提高有效率,值得进一步研究证实。     

卵巢癌组织中REG4与survivin的蛋白表达及临床意义

目的:研究REG4和survivin在卵巢癌组织中的蛋白表达与卵巢癌临床病理特征的关系和彼此间的相关性。方法:应用免疫组化法（EliVision二步法）分别检测REG4和survivin在39例原发性卵巢癌（包括浆液性癌27例，黏液性癌7例，透明细胞癌3例，子宫内膜样癌2例）和13例上皮来源的卵巢良性肿瘤组织中的蛋白表达水平，分析与卵巢癌临床病理特征的关系。结果:REG4和survivin在卵巢癌组织中蛋白表达均高于在上皮来源的卵巢良性肿瘤组织中的表达（P<0.01）；REG4和survivin的蛋白表达与卵巢癌的分期、分化有关，分期越高、分化程度越低，其在卵巢癌组织中的蛋白表达水平越高；REG4与survivin的蛋白表达呈正相关（r=0.375，P=0.019）。结论:REG4和survivin参与卵巢癌的发生发展，可能有共同促进的作用。     

Nucleic acid-based markers of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer

The progress that has been made in the treatment of rectal cancer has mostly resulted from multimodality strategy approach that combines surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), surgery remains the primary treatment, while neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is used to downsize or downstage the tumor before surgical resection. Highly variable response to nCRT observed in LARC patients raises the need for biomarkers to enable prediction and evaluation of treatment response in a more efficient and timely manner than currently available tools. The search for predictive biomarkers continues beyond blood proteins, which have failed in subsequent validation studies. This review presents nucleic acids-based markers and their predictive potential in LARC patients. Most of the candidate biomarkers come from relatively small single-institution studies. The only candidate biomarker that emerged as relevant in more than a single study was elevated levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum nucleic acids in tumor tissue. Considering that this marker is easily accessible through non-invasive analysis of faecal samples, its predictive potential is worth further validation. The other candidate nucleic acid-based biomarkers require more consistent studies on larger cohorts before they can be considered for use in clinical setting.     

艾迪注射液联合同步放化疗治疗食管癌的临床观察

目的:观察艾迪注射液联合同步放化疗治疗食管癌的疗效和不良反应。方法:选取2008年3月-2009年12月经病理证实为食管癌患者62例,随机分为两组:艾迪注射液组(A组)31例采用艾迪注射液联合同步放化疗;对照组(B组)31例采用单纯同步放化疗。两组同步放化疗均采用适形调强放疗技术照射和PF方案(DDP35mg/m2 d1-3+CF150mg/m2 d1-5+5-FU350mg/m2d1-5,28天为一周期,共两周期)。艾迪注射液组中艾迪注射液80ml+NS400ml,d1-d14/周期。治疗期间每周观察骨髓抑制、放射性食管炎、消化道反应等副作用。同步放化疗结束后2周观察患者机能状态及免疫功能。放化疗后3个月、12个月评价有效率(CR+PR)及1、2年的生存率。结果:艾迪注射液组和对照组总有效率分别为93.55%和87.10%,无显著性差异(P>0.05);1、2年生存率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。但对照组不良反应大于艾迪注射液组,骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应及放射性食管炎发生率差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:艾迪注射液联合同步放化疗治疗食管癌能减轻放化疗的不良反应,提高肿瘤患者的生存质量,并能提高有效率,值得进一步研究。     

艾迪注射液联合同步放化疗治疗食管癌的临床观察

目的：观察艾迪注射液联合同步放化疗治疗食管癌的疗效和不良反应。方法：选取2008年3月-2009年12月经病理证实为食管癌患者62例,随机分为两组：艾迪注射液组（A组）31例采用艾迪注射液联合同步放化疗;对照组（B组）31例采用单纯同步放化疗。两组同步放化疗均采用适形调强放疗技术照射和PF方案（DDP35mg/m2 d1-3＋CF150mg/m2 d1-5＋5-FU350mg/m2d1-5,28天为一周期,共两周期）。艾迪注射液组中艾迪注射液80ml＋NS400ml,d1-d14/周期。治疗期间每周观察骨髓抑制、放射性食管炎、消化道反应等副作用。同步放化疗结束后2周观察患者机能状态及免疫功能。放化疗后3个月、12个月评价有效率（CR＋PR）及1、2年的生存率。结果：艾迪注射液组和对照组总有效率分别为93.55%和87.10%,无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;1、2年生存率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。但对照组不良反应大于艾迪注射液组,骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应及放射性食管炎发生率差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论：艾迪注射液联合同步放化疗治疗食管癌能减轻放化疗的不良反应,提高肿瘤患者的生存质量,并能提高有效率,值得进一步研究。     

可切除低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗临床观察

目的 观察可切除低位直肠癌术前同步放疗化疗临床疗效及安全性.方法 23例可切除低位直肠癌患者,术前予4野盆腔照射,放疗总剂量为46Gy.200cGy/f,5f/W,并于放疗第1、4周同步亚叶酸钙200 mg,静脉输注d1～d5,氟脲嘧啶500 mg/m<'2>/d,持续静脉输注d1～d5化疗,完成放化疗后,4周手术,术...     

Stepwise neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the management of mid-low locally advanced rectal cancer

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the treatment response, complications and prognosis in mid-low locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients who underwent stepwise neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (SCRT) or traditional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).MethodsThe medical records of patients with mid-low rectal cancer who underwent SCRT or CRT were retrospectively analyzed. Differences in the treatment response, pathologic complete response (pCR), R0 resection, local recurrence, anastomotic leakage, presacral infection, anal preservation, defunctioning stoma, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between patients who underwent SCRT and CRT were compared.ResultsA total of 430 medical records were investigated, including 194 patients in the SCRT group and 236 patients in the CRT group. There was no significant difference in the rates of treatment response, pCR, R0 resection, local recurrence, anastomotic leakage, presacral infection, anal preservation or TEAEs between the two groups. However, the rate of defunctioning stoma in the SCRT group was significantly lower than that in the CRT group (20.1% vs. 44.1%, respectively, P < 0.01). Moreover, the median OS time of the SCRT and CRT groups was 44.0 and 50.5 months, respectively (P = 0.17). The median DFS time of the SCRT and CRT groups was 41.0 and 46.8 months, respectively (P = 0.32).ConclusionCompared with the CRT group, the SCRT group had a similar treatment response, local control and long-term prognosis, and more importantly, a portion of the patients in the SCRT group were exempted from excessive radiation.