鼻咽癌放射治疗技术初探

目的：探讨鼻咽癌首程放射治疗的摆位和照射技术。方法：运用＾６０Ｃｏ－γ线和８ＭＶ－Ｘ线等对鼻咽癌行多野超分割同时放疗，照射野包括鼻咽部、颅底及颈部。结果：放疗后，３９６例患者随访１￣５年，随访率为９３．６２％，总５年生存率为５２．７２％，且无明显后遗症发生。结论：放射治疗技术是目前鼻咽癌放射治疗中值得深入探讨的课题。     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌外照射联合高剂量率腔内后装治疗

目的探讨高剂量率腔内后装治疗在鼻咽癌放疗中的作用。材料与方法从１９９２年１月至１９９３年６月，１１０例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者随机分为外照射加高剂量率腔内后装治疗组（综合放疗组）和单纯外照射组（对照组）。综合放疗组外照射鼻咽剂量５６～６０Ｇｙ／２８～３０次／５、６～６周，腔内治疗鼻咽顶壁粘膜下０．３ｃｍ给量８Ｇｙ３次／１．５～２周。对照组外照射鼻咽剂量６６～７２Ｇｙ／３３～３６次／６．６～７．２周。结果治疗后３６个月局部控制率综合放疗组优于对照组（９８，２％对８５．５％，Ｐ＜０．０５）；张口困难发生率，综合放疗组低于对照组（７．３％对４７．３％，Ｐ＜０．００５）。结论外照射加高剂量率腔内后装治疗可提高早期（Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）鼻咽癌的局部控制率。     

体外加腔内放射治疗115例鼻咽癌的远期疗效

为探讨腔内照射在鼻咽癌治疗中的作用，作者自１９７３年３月至１９７８年８月，对１１５例鼻咽癌患者作体外加腔内放射治疗。原发灶外照射剂量５３～７６Ｇｙ／６～８周，腔内照射剂量１５～４０Ｇｙ／１～２次。全部病人均随访１０年以上，３年、５年和１０年生存率分别为７１．３０％、５７．３９％、４０．００％。影响预后的主要因素是临床分期，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ期的５年生存率分别为８３．３３％、６７．４４％、５７．１７％和０。作者认为腔内照射对Ｔ１、Ｔ２和部分Ｔ３期患者是一种有效的治疗方法。     

鼻咽癌残存灶腔内补充放疗的近期疗效观察

我院采用面颈联合野放射治疗鼻咽癌，对根治性放射治疗后鼻咽腔内仍有病灶残存者合并腔内近距离治疗，现报告近期疗效如下。１材料和方法１．１病例选择自１９９３年１月至１９９５年１２月，选择３８例经根治量外放疗后鼻咽腔内有病灶残存的鼻咽癌病人，采用腔内近距离治...     

鼻咽癌体外照射 腔内及咽旁间隙插植近距离放射治疗技术初探

放射治疗是治疗鼻咽癌的主要方法。鼻咽癌腔内近距离放射治疗（后装放射治疗）是体外照射的补充手段,但仍存在以下问题：（１）腔内放射治疗只适用于鼻咽腔内的浅表病变,对于咽旁间隙、蝶窦、筛窦受累者难以奏效;（２）从腔内施源器置入技术来看,其固定方法、与软腭的距离及与肿瘤的关系仍不够理想;（３）鼻咽癌高剂量率后装放射治疗的理想剂量分割方法有待进一步探索和完善。作者从１９９６年２月至１９９７年５月,采用核通公司的１９２Ｉｒ高剂量率后装治疗机（ｍｉｃｒｏＳｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎＨＤＲ）对１０６例鼻咽癌病人进行了６…     

鼻咽癌外照射后的高剂量率近距离放疗疗效观察

「目的」探讨腕内放疗对鼻咽癌外照射后鼻咽腔内未涌退病灶的治疗效果，研究近距离放疗时８个剂量参照点的剂量分布及其影响因素。「方法」这９９４年４月至１９９８年１１月共３４例鼻咽癌外照射后鼻咽腔内未消退病灶行高剂量率近距离放疗（外昭射剂量６０Ｇｙ￣７１Ｇｙ，外照射结束后２天￣５天进行首次治疗，多数病例剂量参考点深度１．０ｃｍ，放射源驻留长度２．０ｃｍ￣３．５ｃｍ，多数病例单次剂量８Ｇｙ、总剂量１６Ｇｙ／     

联合化疗和放射治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

为探讨联合化疗在鼻咽癌治疗中的作用，从１９９０年７月至１９９１年１２月把７６例经病理证实，初治的局部晚期（Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）鼻咽癌，随机分为联合化疗和放射治疗组（综合治疗组）以及单纯放疗组（对照组）各３８例，化疗方案：顺铂、氟脲嘧啶和平阳霉素。治疗３月后，综合治疗组和对照组鼻咽肿瘤完全消退率分别为８９．５％和９７．５％，颈转移灶消退率分别为９３．８％和９０．６％，两组均无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。随访３     

不同化疗方案加放射治疗鼻咽癌的远期疗效

目的 探讨在鼻咽癌治疗中采用不同化疗方案配合常规放射治疗对肿瘤局部控制及远期生存的影响。方法 ３００例病理证实的鼻咽癌病例随机分为单纯放射治疗组１１４例，放射治疗＋新辅助化疗组９３例，放射治疗＋同步化疗组９３例。常规放射治疗：鼻咽原发灶ＤＴ７０Ｇｙ，颈部预防照射ＤＴ５０Ｇｙ，转移灶ＤＴ６５～７０Ｇｙ。新辅助化疗：氟尿嘧啶１０００ｍｇ／ｄ，３次／周，顺铂１００ｍｇ／周，交替各用２周，同步化疗：顺铂２０ｍｇ／ｄ，２次／周，氟尿嘧啶５００ｍｇ／ｄ，２次／周，交替各用３周。结果 ５年总生存率（ＯＳ）为５７．１％，５年无瘤生存率（ＤＦＳ）为５２．９％，５年无远地转移生存率（ＤＭＦ）为６１．０％，５年局部区域无复发生存率（ＬＲＦ）为８３．３％；各治疗组间５年ＯＳ、ＤＦＳ、ＤＭＦ和ＬＲＦ差异无显著性意义（Ｘ＾２值分别为２．９     

高聚金葡素配合放射治疗鼻咽癌观察

目的：评价高聚金葡素在鼻咽癌放射治疗中的作用。方法：１０８例首诊鼻咽癌患者为治疗组，采用高聚合金葡素肌肉注射１０００Ｕ，每天一次，联合放射治疗；对照组４８例单纯放射。照射剂量鼻咽部７０－７４Ｇｙ／７．５ｗ，中治疗量的６６Ｇｙ预防量约５２Ｇｙ。结果：鼻咽部肿块在５０Ｇｙ时和７０Ｇｙ时的消失率治疗组和对照组分别为８６．６％、９９．１％、３９．６％、９５．８％，二者经Ｘ＾２检验差别有显著性。治疗全过程中     

鼻咽癌放射治疗后鼻腔粘连防治探讨

目的：研究鼻咽癌放疗后鼻腔粘连的发病情况及其影响因素和治疗方法。方法：临床治疗２８例鼻咽癌放疗后鼻腔粘连病例,并随机抽取１２３例鼻咽癌放疗后虱的鼻咽轴位ＣＴ,统计鼻腔粘连的发病情况。结果;ＣＴ资料显示鼻腔粘连发生率为２８．５％,其中９４％析病人发生在放疗后６个月内,女性,接受鼻咽腔内照射以及放疗前鼻咽肿瘤浸润程度广泛的病人,容易发生鼻腔粘连病例,鼻腔再通气效果良好。     

Renal cell carcinoma: The role of radical surgery on different patterns of local or distant recurrence

IntroductionWith the increasing reliance on targeted therapies and immunotherapy, no standard management strategy is today available for the treatment of locally, distant, or both renal cell carcinoma (RCC) recurrences, and their surgical treatment seems to play a crucial role. We report the 20-year experience of our center evaluating the short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergone surgical resection of RCC recurrences, and the possible role of repeated surgical resections of RCC recurrences.Materials and methodsFrom January 1999 to January 2019, 40 patients underwent surgical resection of isolated locally recurrent RCC (iLR-RCC-group), locally recurrent RCC associated with the presence of distant recurrence (LR-DR-RCC-group), and distant-only recurrent RCC (DR-RCC-group). Data regarding pre-, intra-, post-operative course, and follow-up, prospectively collected in an institutional database, were retrospectively analyzed and compared.ResultsiLR-RCC-group was composed of 9 patients, LR-DR-RCC-group of 6 patients, and DR-RCC-group of 25 patients. The recurrence rate was 55.6% (5/9 patients) in iLR-RCC-group, 50% (3/6 patients) in LR-DR-RCC-group, and 44% (11/25) patients in DR-RCC-group, p = 0.830. 3/5 (60%) patients in iLR-RCC-group, 2/3 (66.7%) patients in LR-DR-RCC-group, and 7/11 (63.6%) patients in DR-RCC group underwent to almost one further local treatments of their recurrences, respectively (p = 0.981). No differences in the mean disease-free survival (p = 0.384), overall survival (OS) (p = 0.881), and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.265) were reported between the three groups. In DR-RCC-group, patients who underwent further local treatments of new recurrences presented a longer OS: 150.7 versus 66.5 months (p = 0.004).ConclusionsA surgical resection of RCC recurrences should be always taken in consideration, also in metastatic patients and/or in those who have already undergone surgery of previous RCC recurrence, whenever radicality is still possible, because this approach may offer a potentially long survival.     

Suture-line recurrence at a jejunojejunal anastomosis after gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Local recurrence at a gastrojejunal anastomosis is common in patients after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma, but recurrence at a jejunojejunal anastomosis without recurrence at a gastrojejunal anastomosis is extremely rare. We report a case of suture-line recurrence at a jejunojejunal anastomosis without recurrence at the gastrojejunal anastomosis or in the remnant stomach in a patient 23 months after receiving a Billroth II gastrectomy for gastric cancer. We attributed the implantation of cancer cells at the jejunojejunal anastomosis to contamination of the stapler with cancer cells exfoliated in the gastric mucus during the construction of the gastrojejunal anastomosis. We therefore consider that different surgical instruments, such as automatic anastomotic devices and automatic suturing devices, must be used in each phase of the surgical procedure for gastric cancer.     

Central retroperitoneal recurrences from colorectal cancer: Are lymph node and locoregional recurrences the same disease?

Background

Central retroperitoneal recurrences (CRRs) from colorectal carcinoma carry a poor prognosis. A CRR is sometimes defined as a locoregional recurrence (LR) and sometimes as a lymph node recurrence (NR). This study was conducted to determine the nature of CRR and evaluate prognostic factors after complete CRR resection.

Methods

Between January 1988 and December 2008, 31 patients underwent a complete resection of CRR. CRRs were divided into NR (n = 23) and LR (n = 8), whether pathological examination disclosed lymph node involvement or not.

Results

No differences were found between LR and NR regarding TNM stage, primary tumour location, time interval from primary tumour resection to CRR, number of metastatic sites, number of metastatic lesions and therapeutic management. The median preoperative CEA level was higher in the NR group (p = 0.003). After a median follow-up of 47 months NRs were associated with better overall survival (OS) (p = 0.03). Three-year OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in the LR and NR groups were 27% and 0% versus 81% and 26%, respectively. Twenty-seven (87%) patients developed a re-recurrence within a median interval of 15 months. The number of metastatic sites or lesions, the size of the CRR, the type of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, the interval between the primary resection and CRR and the TNM stage had no impact on OS.

Conclusion

LR in patients with CRR had a poorer prognosis than NR. A multimodality approach with complete resection may yield long-term survival for NR.     

91例术后局部复发转移食管癌放疗疗效和预后分析

目的 探讨食管癌术后局部复发转移的放疗疗效和预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析食管癌术后局部复发转移行放疗的91例患者资料,术后复发时间为1～35个月,中位数为11.1个月.吻合口复发4例,纵隔淋巴结转移+吻合口复发6例;腹腔淋巴结转移4例,锁骨上淋巴结转移20例,纵隔淋巴结转移34例,锁骨上区+纵隔淋巴结转移23例.常规放疗56例,三维适形放疗35例,剂量50～70 Gy.68例联合化疗1～4个周期.结果 随访率为95%.1、2、3年生存率分别为52%、20%和14%.Logrank单因素分析显示术后复发时间、术后临床分期、放疗剂量、近期疗效、术后T分期、术后N分期与预后相关(P=0.001、0.000、0.001、0.000、0.028、0.003).Cox多因素分析结果显示术后复发时间、术后临床分期、放疗剂量、近期疗效是独立预后因素(P=0.014、0.006、0.009、0.000).结论 食管癌术后局部复发转移患者放疗可以延长部分患者生存时间,术后复发时间长、术后分期早、放疗后近期疗效好、放疗总剂量≥60 Gy者预后较好.     

91例术后局部复发转移食管癌放疗疗效和预后分析

目的 探讨食管癌术后局部复发转移的放疗疗效和预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析食管癌术后局部复发转移行放疗的91例患者资料,术后复发时间为1～35个月,中位数为11.1个月.吻合口复发4例,纵隔淋巴结转移+吻合口复发6例;腹腔淋巴结转移4例,锁骨上淋巴结转移20例,纵隔淋巴结转移34例,锁骨上区+纵隔淋巴结转移23例.常规放疗56例,三维适形放疗35例,剂量50～70 Gy.68例联合化疗1～4个周期.结果 随访率为95%.1、2、3年生存率分别为52%、20%和14%.Logrank单因素分析显示术后复发时间、术后临床分期、放疗剂量、近期疗效、术后T分期、术后N分期与预后相关(P=0.001、0.000、0.001、0.000、0.028、0.003).Cox多因素分析结果显示术后复发时间、术后临床分期、放疗剂量、近期疗效是独立预后因素(P=0.014、0.006、0.009、0.000).结论 食管癌术后局部复发转移患者放疗可以延长部分患者生存时间,术后复发时间长、术后分期早、放疗后近期疗效好、放疗总剂量≥60 Gy者预后较好.     

Local recurrence in the pectoralis muscles following modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma

Local recurrence following treatment of carcinoma of the breast is usually associated with systemic metastases. However, there are some cases in which local disease is the only manifestation of recurrence, and long-term survival can be achieved in these patients with aggressive treatment. Ten cases of apparent isolated metastasis in the pectoralis muscle following modified radical mastectomy are presented and good results were obtained in some cases utilizing surgery or x-ray therapy or a combination. It is worth noting that reconstruction would not have interfered with the detection of these recurrences, if the implant had been placed under the muscle.     

Postmastectomy locally recurrent breast cancer

With the popularity of breast-conserving treatment plans, the natural history of "breast recurrence" in the ipsilateral breast must be distinguished from local recurrence following modified radical mastectomy. Hence, this study considers those patients who develop skin or chest wall recurrence after modified radical mastectomy, whether as a primary procedure or for patients with "breast recurrence" after partial mastectomy. The incidence of postmastectomy locally recurrent breast cancer following modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and adjuvant immunotherapy (IT) is compared to historical controls. The risk factors and treatment of local recurrence in this program as well as in a larger group of patients who recurred after modified radical mastectomy are reported.     

Pattern of dissemination and survival following isolated locoregional recurrence of breast cancer

Purposes: The study evaluates prognostic factors for dissemination and survival in patients with local or regional recurrence of breast cancer. Furthermore, the aim was to define subgroups of patients at different risk of developing metastases in specific anatomical sites. Patients and methods: The study included 140 patients with isolated local or regional node recurrence, who entered a prospective study for staging of patients with first recurrence of breast cancer in the period 1983–85. The primary treatment was a simple mastectomy; node positive patients received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy or tamoxifen.If possible, the locoregional recurrence was treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy, otherwise by systemic therapy. Results: Median follow up was 10.4 years; 78 patients developed distant metastases (soft tissue, 32%; bone, 45%; viscera 40%). Median time to dissemination was 4.4 years, and the ten year dissemination rate was 72%. Median time to dissemination was 3.7 years for patients with recurrence in the regional nodes compared to 6.5 years for patients with chest wall recurrence only, p = 0.05. No specific time sequence (temporal pattern) was observed in the anatomical distribution of metastases, and the anatomical site of recurrence could not be predicted by any of the prognostic factors. At follow up, 93 patients had died. The median survival was 5.6 years and 30% were alive after 10 years. Forty-three of the 99 patients who received local therapy only did not develop metastases. Fifteen of these patients died without evidence of metastatic disease while 28 patients were still alive without distant recurrence after a median follow up time of 9.3 years (range, 6.5–11.9 years). Level of LDH and the number of positive regional nodes (NPOS) at primary diagnosis were significant independent prognostic factors for survival after recurrence. Conclusions: Approximately one third of the patients receiving local treatment only, were alive and without distant metastases up to ten years after locoregional recurrence, indicating that there is a subset of patients which may be long term survivors after local treatment only (surgery or radiotherapy). The duration of survival can be estimated by LDH and NPOS, but the model needs validation in a separate data set before clinical use.     

Tumor recurrence and options for further treatment after resection of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of recurrence and its impact on therapy in patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal metastases. Within 7 years 105 patients were operated on; 75 patients were followed up for at least 2 years postoperatively with a median follow-up of 30 months (range 24-93 months). The median time interval when patients were free of tumor recurrence was only 9 months. The initial recurrence site was the liver in 47% and the other sites were extrahepatic in 39%. Seventy-one percent of the patients developed disseminated metastases as the disease progressed. The median survival time after diagnosis of tumor recurrence was 14 months and was significantly affected by the type of treatment used for the recurrence. Surgical resection was followed by a 23-month median survival, while systemic and intra-arterial chemotherapy led to a 14- and 15-month median survival time, respectively. Untreated patients had a median survival of only 4 months. It is concluded that liver resection for colorectal secondaries leads to a very limited number of disease-free survivors after 5 years. As a few patients may profit from a surgical treatment even in cases of recurrence, surgery should not be regarded as useless.