腺苷负荷实验心肌灌注核素显像在冠心病中的临床价值

目的 评价腺苷负荷试验心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的敏感性、准确性、特异性. 方法 对132例临床疑诊冠心病患者,静脉泵入腺苷,剂量为140 g/(kg·min),用药时间6 min.泵入过程中,行心电监测,观察患者的症状、血压和心率.于泵入腺苷3 min末,静脉注射核素显像剂99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈核素显像(99mTc-MIBI)925 MBq,1.5 h后行心肌灌注断层显像,若显像异常,次日行静息心肌显像.所有患者行冠状动脉造影. 结果 在132例患者中,冠状动脉造影阳性87例,阴性45例,心肌核素显像阳性85例,阴性47例,两种检查结果 一致的病例数为108例.心肌核素显像假阳性的病例为11例,假阴性为13例.腺苷负荷试验心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的敏感性为85.1%(74/87)、特异性为75.6%(34/45)、准确性为81.8%(108/132). 结论 腺苷负荷试验心肌核素显像对于冠心病诊断具有重要的临床应用价值.     

腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像在糖尿病冠心病中的诊断价值

为探讨腺苷负荷核素心肌灌注SPECT显像在糖尿病合并冠心病诊断中的价值,对2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者40例(A组),单纯2型糖尿病患者48例(B组)及正常者40例(C组)均行腺苷负荷核素心肌灌注显像(MPI),并半定量分析其MPI结果.结果 全部糖尿病患者中有40例同时行冠状动脉造影(CAG)及腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像,腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像诊断糖尿病冠心病的灵敏度为86.7%,特异性为70.0%,准确性为82.5%:A组心肌灌注显像$3S评分明显高于其它两组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像可以成为诊断糖尿病冠心病首选的无创性检查方法,及时检出糖尿病患者中无症状心肌缺血患者,并可早期发现糖尿病患者冠状动脉储备功能减低,为临床预防和干预性治疗糖尿病冠心病的发生发展提供依据.     

腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的临床应用

目的评价腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像对冠心病诊断的临床应用价值。方法住院疑诊冠心病患者53例,静息心肌灌注显像24h后行腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像,记录患者注射腺苷过程中的心率、血压及临床症状。所有患者2周内行冠状动脉造影,以冠状动脉造影为"金标准",分析腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像对冠心病诊断的敏感性、特异性等指标。结果腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的敏感性为88.9%,特异性70.6%,阳性预澍值86.5%,阴性预测值75.0%,准确性83.0%。诊断单支、二支和三支冠状动脉病变的敏感性分别为78.6%、90%和100%。整个过程中未发生严重不良反应。结论腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像对冠心病的诊断有较高的敏感性和特异性,可作为运动负荷心肌灌注显像的重要补充,值得在临床推广和应用。     

三磷酸腺苷二钠负荷心肌灌注显像在冠心病诊治中的临床应用

目的评价三磷酸腺苷二钠(ATP)负荷心肌灌注显像试验在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)诊治中的临床应用价值。方法 152例患者行ATP负荷心肌灌注显像(MPI),24 h后行静息心肌灌注显像。随后其中82例行冠状动脉造影(CAG),与ATP负荷心肌灌注显像结果进行对比、分析,并对这些患者进行1年以上的随访。结果MPI诊断冠心病的灵敏度、特异性和准确度分别为91%、78%和88%。MPI诊断单支、2支、3支病变的阳性率分别为87%、91%和100%,MPI诊断2支和3支病变阳性率高于单支病变(P<0.05)。诊断前降支、回旋支及右冠状动脉病变阳性率分别为95%、87%和94%。在ATP负荷MPI过程中,轻度不良反应发生率为62%,随访1年以上,MPI阴性的患者无心脏恶性事件发生。结论 ATP负荷MPI可以替代运动负荷试验,对冠心病诊断的灵敏度、准确度较高,特异性一般。MPI对CAG检查处于临界病变的患者具有重要的意义。     

CT冠状动脉造影与腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的对比研究

目的 以传统冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果为参照,对比CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)与腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像(MPI)诊断冠心病的准确性,并探讨两者间的关系.方法 56例怀疑或诊断为冠心病的患者,3周内接受CTCA、腺苷负荷MPI及CAG检查,CTCA将患者分为无冠脉病变组、非阻塞性冠脉病变组(冠脉狭窄<70%)及阻塞性冠脉病变组(冠脉狭窄≥70%),分别对比评价两种无创检测冠心病方法 的特点.结果 CTCA发现5例无冠状动脉粥样硬化,19例非阻塞性冠脉病变,32例阻塞性冠脉病变.腺苷负荷MPI提示26例未见异常,18例显示不可逆性的心肌灌注缺损,29例可逆性心肌灌注缺损.以CAG为对照,CTCA检测冠心病的敏感性为100%,特异性为55.6%,阳性预测值为92.2%,阴性预测值为100%;而腺苷负荷MPI检测冠脉病变≥70%的病变,敏感性为78.6%,特异性为71.4%,阳性预测值为73.3%,阴性预测值为76.9%.结论 CTCA与腺苷负荷MPI分别从动脉粥样硬化的形态学与心肌缺血的功能学方面给冠心病的诊断提供了较准确的信息,两者相辅相成,是无创的、全面的诊断冠心病的有力工具.     

盐酸去甲乌药碱负荷心肌灌注显像与负荷心电图对冠心病诊断价值的对比研究

目的：比较盐酸去甲乌药碱（HG）负荷心肌灌注显像（MPI）和负荷心电图（ECG）对冠心病的诊断价值。方法70例患者同时完成HG负荷核素MPI及冠脉造影（CAG）检查,在心肌灌注负荷试验过程中观察ECG变化,并与同期负荷MPI和冠脉造影结果作对比。结果以CAG结果为金标准,HG负荷MPI诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性分别为55.8%、92.6%、92.3%、56.8%、70%,HG负荷ECG诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性分别为74.4%、29.6%、62.7%、42.1%、57.1%。MPI的特异性和阳性预测值明显高于ECG（P＜0.01）,敏感性、阴性预测值、准确性两者统计学差异不大（P＞0.05）。结论 HG可作为负荷MPI和负荷ECG药物来诊断冠心病,且HG负荷MPI的特异性要优于HG负荷ECG。     

腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像在冠心病中应用的临床研究

目的研究腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像(MPS)与冠状动脉血管造影(CAG)的准确性及两者联合应用在评价冠状动脉病变及心肌缺血情况中的价值。方法对32例临床疑诊冠心病的患者先予静脉泵注腺苷注射液[剂量为0.14mg/(kg·min)]6min,注射3 min时静脉注入核素显像剂99mTc-MIBI925MBq,1 h后行心肌灌注断层显像,若显像异常,次日行静息心肌灌注显像。所有患者2周内行冠状动脉血管造影术检查。将腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像与冠状动脉造影结果进行对比分析,评价冠状动脉病变及心肌缺血情况。结果 32例患者中,14例冠状动脉造影显示为冠状动脉狭窄性病变,其中单支病变7例,二支病变4例,三支病变3例,腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像12例为阳性,2例阴性;18例冠状动脉造影显示未见明显狭窄,其中4例为壁冠状动脉,2例为冠状动脉慢血流,腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像为14例阴性,4例为阳性。腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像诊断冠状动脉阻塞性病变的敏感性为85.71%,特异性为77.78%,阳性预测值为75%,阴性预测值为87.5%,准确性为81.25%。结论腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像与CAG结果具有较好的一致性,两者联用能充分了解冠状动脉病变及心肌缺血情况,有利于临床治疗的选择。     

核素心肌灌注显像不同阅片方法的诊断评价

目的:比较核素心肌灌注显像(MPI)的黑白胶片阅片(硬拷贝,hard-copy reading)?计算机彩色图片阅片(计算机屏幕阅片,软拷贝,soft-copy reading)?计算机彩色图片阅片结合门控电影读片以及定量分析负荷灌注总积分(SSS,以SSS≥4为异常标准)对心肌缺血的诊断价值?方法:66例冠心病或可疑冠心病患者,分别行负荷/静息门控心肌灌注显像(G-MPI),所有患者在随访心肌显像完成后的1个月内接受冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,由2位有经验的医生在不知道临床及造影结果的情况下目测法半定量分析黑白胶片?计算机彩色图片?计算机彩色图片结合门控电影读片及使用定量分析SSS法阅片,比较读片结果?使用ROC曲线比较以上4种方法得到的敏感性?特异性?结果:黑白胶片阅片诊断心肌缺血的敏感性为71.4%,特异性为76.3%;计算机彩色图片阅片诊断心肌缺血的敏感性为67.9%,特异性为89.5%;计算机彩色图片结合门控电影阅片诊断心肌缺血的敏感性为75%,特异性为84.2%;SSS定量分析法诊断心肌缺血的敏感性为67.9%,特异性为81.6%?结论:黑白胶片阅片?计算机彩色图片阅片,计算机彩色图片结合门控电影阅片及定量分析法对核素心肌灌注显像心肌缺血均具有较好的诊断处理价值,符合临床广泛采用的读片模式?     

运动负荷核素心肌灌注显像与冠状动脉造影诊断老年人冠状动脉病变的对比研究

目的比较运动负荷核素心肌灌注显像(MPI)与冠状动脉造影(CAG)诊断老年人冠状动脉病变(CAD)的临床价值。方法 35例临床疑诊冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的高龄患者行MPI及CAG检查,对比分析检查所见及诊断结论。结果 35例高龄患者中CAG阳性20例,MPI诊断敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为75%,80%,83%,71%。结论核素MPI反映心肌摄取显像剂的能力,与相应血管通畅情况和心肌细胞活性有关,联合CAG可以达到全面准确诊断冠心病的目的。     

99Tcm氮欧乙替心肌核素显像的冠心病诊断分析

目的评价再分布型显像剂99 Tcm氮欧乙替(N-NOET)心肌核素显像(MPI)对于冠心病诊断的敏感性和特异性.方法住院病人同时行冠状动脉造影和99TcmN-NOET腺苷负荷试验MPI.腺苷总量为840μg/kg,6 min匀速静脉泵入,腺苷泵入3 min时静脉推注99TcmN-NOET剂量740MBq(20 mCi),15 min后行负荷心肌显像,2 h后进行再分布心肌显像.结果入选53例,年龄35～79(56±10)岁,男36例,女17例.冠状动脉有一支血管直径狭窄超过50%即冠状动脉明显狭窄组31例,MPI均为阳性;冠状动脉无明显狭窄组22例,MPI阳性6例,MPI阴性16例.99TcmN-NOET腺苷负荷试验MPI对于冠状动脉狭窄超过50%的敏感性为100%,特异性为73%,阳性预测值为84%,阴性预测值为100%.9例冠心病病人接受了再血管化处理,有6例病人的桥支血管或冠状动脉支架内有再狭窄,其中5例病人对应区域出现灌注不良;3例病人无明显冠状动脉支架内再狭窄,MPI均阴性.结论再分布型显像剂99TcmN-NOET MPI对于冠状动脉狭窄诊断的敏感性和特异性较高,且检查能在同一天内进行,有较好的临床应用价值.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.