缺血性脑血管病患者趋化因子受体CX3CR1基因V2491多态性的研究

目的 探讨缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)患者趋化因子受体CX3CR1基因V2491的多态性及其频率.方法 采用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性方法检测ICVD患者(脑梗死、腔隙性脑梗死、短暂性脑缺血发作)及健康对照者的CX3CR1基因V2491的多态性及频率.结果 对照组CX3CR1基因V2491只有ⅤⅤ和Ⅵ基因型,ICVD组有ⅤⅤ、Ⅵ和Ⅱ3种基因型;ICVD组Ⅰ等位基因频率明显高于对照组(P<0.01);CX3CR1基因型及Ⅰ等位基因频率在不同类型ICVD患者之间无统计学差异.结论 CX3CR1基因V2491多态性可能与ICVD有关.     

Preliminary study correlating CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression with gastric carcinoma and gastric carcinoma perineural invasion

AIM:To study the relationship between the CX3CL1chemokine,its receptor CX3CR1,and gastric carcinoma/gastric carcinoma perineural invasion(PNI).METHODS:Thirty cases of gastric carcinoma were surgically resected(radical resection or palliative resection)between February 2012 and July 2012.Tumour and tumour-adjacent tissues were evaluated for the presence of CX3CL1(ELISA)and CX3CR1(immunohistochemistry and Western blotting)in an effort to analyse the relationship between CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and gastric carcinoma/gastric carcinoma PNI.RESULTS:Of these 30 cases,14 were PNI-positive(46.7%).No significant differences in CX3CL and CX3CR1 expression in tumour-adjacent tissues were found between the PNI positive and negative groups.Expression levels of CX3CL and CX3CR1 in tumour tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues(P<0.01),and were significantly higher in tumour tissues from the PNI-positive group compared to the PNI-negative group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression may be associated with the occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma as well as gastric carcinoma PNI.     

Fractalkine在正常人和肝纤维化与肝硬化患者肝脏组织内的表达

目的:观察正常人和肝纤维化与肝硬化患者肝组织中趋化因子Fractalkine的表达.方法:采用ELISA法分别检测9例正常人、10例肝纤维化及11例肝硬化患者肝组织中的Fractalkine含量.结果:肝纤维化组和肝硬化组Fr a c t a l k i n e浓度均显著高于正常对照组 (13.72±5.59ng/g, 14.70±3.52 ng/g vs 4.84±3.72 ng/g, 均P <0.05), 肝纤维化组和肝硬化组的Fractalkine浓度差异无统计学意义.结论:肝脏发生纤维化损伤时Fractalkine表达增强, 至肝硬化阶段仍维持较高水平.     

CX3CR1基因多态性与冠心病的相关性

目的 研究Fractalkine受体CX3CR1基因多态性(249V/I和280T/M)与冠心病的相关性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应限制片长多态性方法对139例冠心病患者和90例对照者的CX3CR1基因多态性进行分析,比较CX3CR1基因多态性在两组之间的差异性.结果 等位基因I249在对照组中的分布频率明显高于冠心病组(P<0.05);冠心病组280T/M基因型和等位基因频率分布与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 Fractalkine受体CX3CR1等位基因I249变异可能与冠心病的发病危险性下降有关,CX3CR1基因多态性与中国南方汉族人群冠心病的发生存在相关性.     

Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in rheumatoid arthritis

Fractalkine is a CX3C chemokine that exists in both membrane-bound and soluble forms. Interaction between fractalkine and its unique receptor (CX3CR1) induces cell adhesion, chemotaxis, crawling, “accessory cell” activity, and survival. The serum level of fractalkine is elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is correlated with disease activity. Peripheral blood CD16⁺ monocytes and a subset of T cells express CX3CR1, while fractalkine is expressed on fibroblast-like synoviocytes and endothelial cells in the synovial tissue of patients with RA. Fractalkine expression is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, and it promotes the migration of monocytes, T cells, and osteoclast precursors into RA synovial tissue. Fractalkine also induces the production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages, T cells, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Moreover, fractalkine promotes angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. In an animal model of RA, arthritis was improved by the abrogation of fractalkine. Recently, a clinical trial of an anti-fractalkine monoclonal antibody for the treatment of RA commenced in Japan. We review the multiple roles of fractalkine in the pathogenesis of RA and its potential as a therapeutic target for this disease.     

Polymorphisms of Fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 and plasma levels of its ligand CX3CL1 in colorectal cancer patients

Background and aims The chemokine Fractalkine/CX3CL1, which is expressed by epithelial cells within normal colorectal mucosa and in colorectal cancer (CRC), is thought to have a crucial role in colorectal mucosal immunity by recruiting leucocytes via the receptor CX3CR1. The purpose of this study was to investigate two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the Fractalkine receptor/CX3CR1 gene, V249I and T280M, in CRC to find out whether they occur more often in patients with CRC than in non-CRC individuals. In the search for tumour markers, we also intended to determine whether plasma levels of Fractalkine were correlated with parameters such as Dukes’ stage, tumour localisation, gender and age in CRC patients. Materials and methods Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from 223 CRC patients and 229 controls was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the polymorphisms were detected by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Fractalkine/CX3CL1 was analysed in plasma from 62 CRC patients and 78 controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The variant V249I was significantly different in genotype and allelic distribution between CRC patients and control subjects, P = 0.028 and P = 0.048, respectively. We also found that individuals with the I249 allele in homozygote state were less frequent in the CRC group (3.1%) compared with controls (9.2%; P = 0.008). No significant difference was observed regarding Fractalkine/CX3CL1 levels in plasma between patients and the control group. Conclusion Our results suggest that the lack of the allele I249 of the CX3CR1 gene may play a partial or minor role in CRC and that plasma Fractalkine/CX3CL1 does not seem to be a useful tumour marker that reflects the disease outcome of CRC.     

FKN影响动脉粥样硬化信号传导机制及G-蛋白在其中作用的研究

目的探讨鸟苷酸结合蛋白(G-蛋白)对fractalkine(FKN)诱导单个核细胞合成NF-κB、TNF-α的影响及FKN-CX3CR1可能存在的一条信号传导机制,并研究G-蛋白在其中的作用。方法抗凝血用Ficoll密度梯度离心法分离外周血单个核细胞。将每份提取的单个核细胞分为空白对照组、FKN组及百日咳毒素(PTX)组。应用免疫组化检测各组单个核细胞中NF-κB表达情况,酶联免疫法检测各组培养液中TNF-α的表达水平。结果(1)FKN诱导组较空白组NF-κB、TNF-α表达明显增多,G-蛋白阻断剂PTX组较FKN组NF-κB、TNF-α表达明显减少。结论(1)FKN-CX3CR1有促进动脉粥样硬化形成的作用,CX3CR1为G-蛋白偶联受体,FKN与CX3CR1结合以后,可以通过与G-蛋白偶联,启动细胞内信号传导机制。     

Fractalkine及其受体CX3CR1与冠心病

趋化因子fractalkine被炎症内皮细胞表达，与受体CX3CR1结合通过黏附和趋化作用、参与免疫及细胞间信息转导以及CX3CR1基因的多态性等多种途径影响动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。通过对fractalkine蛋白及其受体CX3CR1 V249／I249基因水平的检测以及其作用机制的干预，可能成为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病早期诊断和防治的新途径。     

Rosuvastatin Intervention Decreased the Frequencies of the TIM-3+ Population of NK Cells and NKT Cells among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are dichotomously involved in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection as principal members of innate immunity. An effective treatment should enhance the antiviral potentials of NK cells and not their immunomodulatory roles. TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing domain) is a molecule with an essential role in controlling immune tolerance. TIM-3 demonstrated the highest expression among NK cells of patients with chronic liver disorders. Statins have been reported to attenuate the levels of TIM-3 on NK cells.Objectives: To investigate the frequencies of NK cells, NKT cells, and TIM-3+ population in patients with CHB upon rosuvastatin (RSV) intervention.Methods: Thirty confirmed patients with CHB were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 (receiving 20 mg of RSV or placebo per day) for 12 weeks. We evaluated the percentages of TIM-3+ cells by staining the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with CD3, CD16, and CD56 markers using flow cytometry.Results: Our findings indicated that RSV administration could increase CD3- CD56+ NK cells (P>0.05) and CD3+ CD16+ CD56+ NKT cells (P<0.05). RSV intervention could reduce the percentages of TIM-3+ cells among NK cells (P<0.01) and NKT cells (P> 0.05) of patients with CHB compared with the placebo group.Conclusions: The increased population of NK and NKT cells and the effective reduction of TIM-3+ cells among patients with CHB delineated that rosuvastatin could be proposed as an appropriate modulator of innate immune response (regarding NK and NKT cells) in favor of enhancing their antiviral activities.     

趋化因子CX3C受体1基因rs3732378多态性与急性冠状动脉综合征的相关性

目的探讨趋化因子CX3C受体1(CX3CR1)基因rs3732378单核苷酸多态性与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的相关性。方法连续收集中国北方汉族人群951例,其中男性520例,女性431例,年龄35~75岁。根据冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果分为2组:(1)病例组(n=512):ACS患者;(2)对照组(n=439):非冠心病患者。病例组根据CAG检查血管病变支数分为3个亚组。采用测序法测定CX3CR1基因rs3732378单核苷酸多态位点的基因型。用多因素Logistic回归分析CX3CR1基因rs3732378多态性与ACS发病风险的关系。应用酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆中趋化因子CX3C配体1(CX3CL1)表达水平。结果两组CX3CR1基因rs3732378的基因型及等位基因的分布频率无显著性差异(P0.05)。rs3732378多态位点与ACS发病风险的总体和分层分析结果表明,CX3CR1基因rs3732378多态位点的3种基因型TT、TC和CC均不能增加ACS的发病风险(P0.05)。亚组分析显示,rs3732378多态位点的基因型和等位基因与冠状动脉血管病变支数无相关性(χ2=0.135,P=0.998;χ2=0.026,P=0.987)。病例组和对照组血浆中CX3CL1表达水平在rs3732378三种基因型无差异(P0.05)。结论 CX3CR1基因rs3732378多态位点不是ACS的易感基因,rs3732378多态性没有增加中国北方汉族人群ACS的风险。     

Evaluation of Exhausted Regulatory T Cells in Preeclampsia

Background: The development of a maternal immune response to fetal antigens and deficiency in regulatory T-cells (Tregs) may lead to preeclampsia. A plausible explanation for the reduced Treg cell function in women with preeclampsia is the presence of exhausted Treg cells which express CD279 or programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), a negative regulatory molecule associated with limited proliferative capacity and reduced immune suppression. Objective: To assess the number of Treg CD4+ CD25high and exhausted Treg CD4+ CD25high CD279+ cells in women with preeclampsia (PE group) and healthy pregnant women (HP group) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: Three-color flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of Treg and exhausted Treg cells in 40 women in the PE group and 37 women in the HP group. Participants’ blood samples were placed in EDTA blood collection tubes. Peripheral mononuclear cells were separated from the samples and stained with flurochrome-conjugated antibodies against human CD4, CD25 and CD279 markers, and subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The PE group had fewer Tregs compared to the HP group (p=0.011). There was a significant increase in the percentage of exhausted PD-1+(CD279) Tregs (p=0.035) in the PE group comparisons with the HP group. Conclusion: The increased number of PD-1 (CD279) molecules on the Treg cells may play a role in preeclampsia, hence it recommendation as a therapeutic target for the disease.     

CX3CR1基因249V/I多态性与早发冠心病及血脂比值的相关性

目的 探讨趋化因子Fractalkine受体CX3CR1基因位点249V/I多态性与早发冠心病以及血脂比值的相关性。方法 入选患者分为早发冠心病组（n149,年龄＜50岁）、晚发冠心病组（n150,年龄＞65岁）和健康对照组（n149,年龄47～93岁）,均接受血脂水平检测,计算总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值（TC/HDLC）、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1比值（ApoB/ApoA1）,应用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性方法对CX3CR1基因位点249V/I多态性分布进行分析,比较CX3CR1基因多态性及血脂比值在三组之间的差异性。结果 等位基因I249在三组的分布频率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.0001）;早发冠心病组TC/HDLC和ApoB/ApoA1比值明显高于晚发冠心病组（P<0.0001）,且独立于249V/I基因多态变异。结论 CX3CR1等位基因I249变异与冠心病的发病年龄存在相关性。高血脂比值与冠心病的发病年龄存在相关性。     

In Vivo Effects of Calcitriol on Phenotypic and Functional Properties of Dendritic Cells

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the initiation and expansion of T cell mediated immune responses with potential immunotherapy application. The compounds which have the ability to induce immunomodulatory effects on DCs may be employed for the treatment of immunopathologic conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of calcitriol (active form of vitamin D3) on DCs. Methods: 0.1 microgram calcitriol was injected intra-peritoneally into C57BL/6 mice every other day within 3 weeks, and spleen DCs were extracted by magnetic beads. The phenotypic and functional properties of DCs were studied by flow cytometry and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), respectively. Results: The expression of CD86 and MHC II, as maturation markers and costimulatory molecules were significantly decreased (p=0.028 and p=0.047, respectively) while CD11b expression, as a marker of mice myeloid DCs which mostly induces Th2 cytokine profile, was significantly increased (p=0.011). Allogeneic T cell stimulation in MLR was also significantly inhibited in comparison with the control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our data indicate that in vivo calcitriol administration inhibits maturation and activation of DCs in the same manner as in vitro conditions.     

Fractalkine与肾脏疾病

随着人们预期寿命的增加和糖尿病肾病发病率的增长,肾脏疾病将给社会带来巨大挑战。Frac-talkine(CX3CL1)是目前已知惟一的CX3C-趋化因子,它既可作为趋化因子,也可作为黏附因子,CX3CR1是其特异受体。关于Fractalkine与肾脏疾病之间的研究近年来有许多进展,本文综述了这方面的一些文献。     

胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞源性肝细胞样细胞研究进展

肝硬化、原发性肝癌、代谢性肝病等终末期肝病的治疗正成为全球棘手的医疗问题。肝细胞移植（HT）有望成为终末期肝病的替代疗法,但肝细胞来源紧缺、体外增殖困难等限制了HT的临床应用。干细胞的发现为解决上述问题提供了新的思路。胚胎干细胞（ESCs）81诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）分化为肝细胞样细胞（HLCs）的研究．可为临床细胞替代治疗提供合适的细胞来源,亦在药物评估和肝脏发生等基础研究方面起重要作用。本文就近年ESCs和iPSCs体外定向分化为HLCs的研究进展作一综述。     

CX3CL1/fractalkine在野百合碱诱导大鼠肺动脉高压中的表达变化

目的 观察CX3CL1/fractalkine(FKN)在野百合碱诱导的肺动脉高压大鼠模型中的变化并探讨其在肺动脉高压发生、发展中的作用.方法 将30只SPF级雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠随机分为溶剂对照组(C组)、野百合碱2周组(M2组)和野百合碱3周组(M3组).测量并比较各组肺动脉平均压(mPAP)、右心室平均压(mRVP)、颈动脉平均压(mCAP)、右心室游离壁(RV)和左心室加室间隔(LV+S)重量比.光镜、电镜下分别观察肺细小动脉显微、超微结构变化,测定肺细小动脉管壁面积/管总面积(WA/TA)、肺细小动脉中膜厚度(PAMT)反映肺血管重塑情况,酶联免疫吸附试验测定血浆可溶性FKN(sFKN)浓度,免疫组织化学法测定肺小动脉FKN含量,逆转录聚合酶链反应测定肺组织中FKN mRNA的表达.结果 ①M2组[(20.58±3.54) mm Hg、( 18.14±2.47) mm Hg、(29.83±4.07)％]、M3组[(26.04±5.03) mm Hg、(22.17±5.63) mm Hg、(59.52±12.86) ％] mPAP、mRVP、RV/( LV+S)均显著高于C组[(12.93±1.93) mm Hg、(11.66±1.81) mm Hg、(23.33±2.90)％](P值均＜0.01),反映体循环的mCAP在各组之间差异无统计学意义.M2组[0.74±0.09、(27.36±2.02)μm]、M3组[0.87±0.04、(36.48±3.81)μm] WA/TA和PAMT均较C组[0.45±0.07、(13.91±1.51)μm]显著增高(P值均＜0.01).②M2组血浆sFKN浓度和肺组织FKN mRNA相对含量[(677.76±101.75) ng/L、0.49±0.09]高于C组[(412.09±57.38) ng/L、0.11±0.06],M3组血浆sFKN浓度和肺组织FKNmRNA相对含量[(1078.02±254.05) ng/L、0.64±0.04]高于M2组及C组(P值均＜0.01).③M2组、M3组动脉管壁FKN蛋白(0.192±0.006、0.198±0.019)较C组(0.171±0.010)升高(P值均＜0.01),M2组与M3组之间差异无统计学意义.sFKN与PAMT、RV/( LV+S)呈正相关(r值分别为0.796、0.710,P＜0.01),FKN mRNA与PAMT、RV/(LV+S)呈正相关(r值分别为0.934,0.757,P＜0.01).结论 FKN及其介导的炎症反应在野百合碱诱导的肺动脉高压形成和发展及肺动脉重塑过程中可能起重要作用.