关节镜下内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧松解治疗青少年创伤性髌骨脱位的临床研究

目的 探讨膝关节镜下内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧支持带松解治疗伴有撕脱性骨折的创伤性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年5月至2021年5月秦皇岛市第一医院诊治的30例青少年初次创伤性髌骨脱位合并髌骨内侧缘撕脱性骨折的患者,均在关节镜下采用内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧支持带松解方法治疗。评估膝关节优良率,术后6个月及1年的Kujala髌股关节评分、Lysholm膝关节评分、IKDC膝关节评分的改善情况,记录术前、术后6个月、术后1年的膝关节活动度、髌骨倾斜角、髌骨适合角及髌骨外移率。结果 ①30例患者术后均恢复良好,髌骨位置解剖复位,术后平均随访时间为12.1个月（10 ～ 18个月）,均无复发性脱位或半脱位发生;②膝关节优良率、Kujala髌股关节评分、Lysholm评分、IKDC评分分别由术前的3.3%、（45.3±2.2）分、（36.8±2.5）分、（53.5±4.9）分提高至术后1年的93.3%、（92.9±2.2）分、（94.8±3.5）分、（98.3±5.0）分,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;③膝关节活动度由术前的（25.3±4.5）°提高至术后1年的（125.4±3.2）°,髌骨倾斜角、髌骨适合角及髌骨外移率分别由术前的（12.5±1.8）°、（19.2±1.9）°、（18.5±2.3）%降至术后1年的（5.6±0.7）°、（6.8±1.0）°、（6.9±0.8）%,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 膝关节镜下内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧支持带松解治疗伴有撕脱性骨折的创伤性髌骨脱位安全有效,可获得稳定的髌骨运动轨迹,术后中短期随访影像学指标和临床功能评分满意。     

髌外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带紧缩术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位

目的:探讨外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带重建术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位及半脱位的手术方法及临床疗效.方法:经对10例(13膝)经临床检查确诊的髌骨脱位及半脱位患者,在行髌外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带紧缩的的基础上,配合胫骨结节内移等手术治疗.手术前后均对患者的膝关节功能进行Lysholm评分.结果:10例患者随访3～15个月(平均9个月),术后膝关节稳定性增加,无髌骨再脱位发生,恐惧试验均为阴性.Lysholm评分术前平均(69.6±3.9),术后平均(94.1±3.7).结论:髌外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带紧缩为主的综合术式治疗髌骨脱位能有效减轻症状防止复发,,对维持髌骨的稳定有重要作用.     

外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建修复复发性髌骨脱位

背景：关节镜检查能够直接动态观察髌股关节的对合关系,准确了解髌股关节异常是否可以完全纠正。目的：分析关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建对复发性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法：复发性髌骨脱位患者共58例,随机将其分为对照组和观察组各29例,对照组患者给予常规手术行外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建,观察组患者给予关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建。结果与结论：治疗前两组患者的Lysholm评分和Kujala评分的比较,差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);治疗12个月后两组患者的Lysholm评分和Kujala评分均升高,且观察组升高的更明显(P < 0.05)。治疗前两组患者屈膝30°时的适合角和外侧髌股角CT测量值的比较,差异均无显著性义(P > 0.05);治疗12个月后两组患者的适合角和外侧髌股角CT测量值均降低,且观察组降低的更明显(P < 0.05)。观察组患者的手术时间、临床愈合时间均显著低于对照组,总有效率显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。结果表明关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建修复复发性髌骨脱位疗效确切。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

关节镜下外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌股关节脱位

目的　探讨关节镜辅助下外侧支持带松解联合内侧髌股韧带（medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL）重建手术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果。 方法　对我院2012年1月-2015年1月收治的19例复发性髌骨脱位患者,采取关节镜辅助下行外侧支持带松解、内侧髌股韧带重建联合手术。术后定期随访,记录术前和术后影像学结果、Lysholm 膝关节功能综合评分和 Kujala 髌股关节评分,观察重建韧带长度变化。 结果　19例均获随访,时间( 25.7±8. 56) 月（12~48月）,术后无髌骨再脱位及恐惧征,无髌股关节疼痛加重,X线显示Q角在正常范围,膝关节CT（屈膝45°）显示患者髌骨外侧关节面张开角从术前平均（-1.2±6.8)°（-16°~8°）提高至术后(11.2±5.1)°（5°~18°）,较术前有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。术后1年Lysholm 评分及Kujala 髌股关节评分较术前有明显改善。重建韧带长度术后即刻平均为（57.81±6.76）mm,术后1年为（58.36±6.87）mm,无明显松弛。 结论　关节镜辅助下二联手术治疗复发性髌骨脱位,能有效恢复髌股关节位置和功能,预防复发,术后1年韧带无明显松弛,疗效满意。     

臀肌挛缩松解联合髌骨支持带张力重建治疗弹响髋合并膝前痛

目的　探究在治疗臀肌挛缩合并膝前痛病症时恢复髌骨正常轨迹的必要性。 方法　臀肌挛缩症合并膝前疼痛的患者30例,随机分为对照组16例(单纯行关节镜臀肌挛缩松解术)及实验组14例(行关节镜臀肌挛缩松解术联合内侧髌骨支持带紧缩及外侧支持带松解)。观察患者不同术式术后恢复情况,并比较手术前后WOMAC评分、Kujala评分、髌骨和谐角、外侧髌骨角以及并发症等。 结果　术后2组30例均获得随访,平均随访时间14.3个月,切口均愈合良好。WOMAC评分、Kujala评分、髌骨和谐角、外侧髌骨角,对照组与实验组在术前评分均无明显差异(P>0.25)。两组术后1月、3月、6月患者WOMAC评分及髌骨和谐角较前明显降低(P<0.05),Kujala评分及外侧髌骨角较前明显升高(P<0.05)。两组对比,术后1月、3月、6月实验组WOMAC评分、Kujala评分、髌骨和谐角、外侧髌骨角均优于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论　关节镜下臀肌挛缩松解联合髌骨支持带重建较单纯关节镜下臀肌挛缩松解更能缓解长期臀肌挛缩导致的膝前痛等症状,且更好的减少髌骨外侧移位。     

内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位疗效观察

目的 探讨内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析湖北省荆州市中心医院2017年1月至2019年6月通过关节镜辅助下内侧髌股韧带双束重建治疗的29例复发性髌骨脱位患者的临床资料.其中,男10例,女19例,年龄14.0～29.5岁,平均19.4岁.测量TT-TG距离、髌骨倾斜角,计算Caton指数....     

关节镜下有限切开内侧髌股韧带重建对复发性髌骨脱位患者的治疗疗效及应激因子的影响分析

目的探讨关节镜下有限切开内侧髌股韧带(Medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建对复发性髌骨脱位患者的治疗疗效,并分析该方案对患者应激因子的影响。方法选取我院2009年9月~2013年9月收治的71例复发性髌骨脱位患者,实施关节镜下有限切开MPFL重建治疗。对其进行为期1年的随访,观察其围术期应激因子变化及随访期间膝关节髌骨稳定性、膝关节评分变化。结果患者术前髌骨外推检验、恐惧试验、J-sign试验优良率均为0。术后6个月患者髌骨稳定性试验优良率均达100%,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(0.01)。患者术后6周Lysholm评分、HSS评分即显著上升(0.05)。患者术后6小时、术后1天血清应激反应因子ACTH、Cor、IL-6、IL-10、MDA均显著上升,NO显著下降(0.05)。术后3天患者血清应激反应因子水平与术前1天比较未见明显统计学差异(0.05)。患者术后7天SAS、SDS量表评分均较术前1天显著降低,差异有统计学意义(0.05)。结论关节镜下有限切开MPFL能够有效改善复发性髌骨脱位患者髌骨及膝关节稳定性,并能够在一定程度上控制应激反应因子水平稳定、缓解心理应激状态,对患者术后恢复及预后的改善均具有积极意义。     

关节镜下“三联术”治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 探讨关节镜辅助下“三联术”治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效.方法 2008年4月～2011年9月,应用关节镜辅助下髌股外侧支持带松解、内侧支持带重建、胫骨结节截骨内移抬高术治疗复发性髌骨脱位16例.男4例,女12例;年龄19～43岁,平均22.8岁.初次脱位机制均为外伤,术前平均脱位次数均超过4次.其中左侧7膝,右侧9膝.患者均为向外侧脱位,且脱位后均可手法复位.体格检查恐惧试验阳性,倾斜试验阳性,被动活动受限,膝关节内侧压痛明显.结果 术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合.对16例患者均获得满意随访,随访时间1～2年,平均随访16.7个月.术后3个月内,有3例患者出现髌骨外侧疼痛,5膝出现髌骨内侧紧绷牵拉感,经理疗锻炼后均逐渐消失或好转.随访期间均无髌骨脱位再发生.膝关节术后1年时的Lysholm评分为(95.7±4.2)分,明显高于术前的(63.7±5.3)分,结果有明显的差异性,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后1年Kujala评分为(90.3±2.6)分,也明显高于术前的(61.3±4.3)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后1年患膝功能恢复评分采用Insall标准,其中优13膝,良2膝,可1膝,优良率达93.7％.结论 关节镜辅助下“三联术”治疗复发性髌骨脱位的关节创伤小,恢复佳,早期临床效果满意,值得在临床工作中广泛应用.     

内侧髌骨韧带重建治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位

<正>复发性髌骨脱位是青少年常见的膝关节疾病,大多是在膝关节局部结构发育不良或肌肉力量不平衡的基础上经过轻微外伤而引起的。由于这种疾病可造成长期的诸如膝关节疼痛、不稳定、绞锁、脱位感和肿胀等症状,严重影响青少年的日常活动,往往保守治疗效果不佳,多数需要手术治疗。近年来采用节镜辅助下自体半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位取得了较好的疗效,现报道如下。1资料和方法1.1一般资料     

关节镜辅助下内侧支持带紧缩缝合术治疗青少年髌骨脱位

目的评价关节镜辅助下内侧支持带紧缩术治疗青少年髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法选取2010年1月至2016年7月石河子大学第一附属医院收治36例(38膝)青少年髌骨脱位行关节镜辅助下内侧支持带紧缩缝合术的患者,收集患者术前及术后J-sign征和恐惧试验变化及IKDC、Lysholm、Kujala评分。结果与术前相比,术后随访3、6、12个月患者IKDC评分分别提高了35.34%、43.16%和53.71%(P0.01),Lysholm评分提高了74.73%、89.89%和110.9%(P0.01),Kujala评分提高了78.37%、92.62%和117.8%(P0.01),均呈上升趋势,急性髌骨脱位与复发性髌骨脱位患者随访期间各评分变化差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后12个月J-sign试验阳性率较术前降低了52.63%,恐惧试验阳性率较术前降低了57.89%(P0.01)。IKDC膝关节功能主观评分、Lysholm评分及Kujala评分术后明显增加,膝关节活动水平及整体满意度明显增加。结论关节镜辅助下内侧支持带紧缩缝合术治疗青少年髌骨脱位创伤较小,短期疗效确切,术后患者膝关节功能改善明显,手术操作简便,易于掌握。     

Combined lateral retinacular release with drilling chondroplasty for treatment of patellofemoral osteoarthritis associated with patellar malalignment in elderly patients

This paper described a less invasive surgical technique that was performed for treatment of elderly patients with isolated patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) associated with patellar malalignment, although their tibiofemoral joints are minimally osteoarthritic.Two hundred and thirty-four knees in 126 consecutive elderly patients (average, 72 yrs) diagnosed with combined disorders were treated by lateral retinacular release with drilling chondroplasty. The inclusion criteria were patient age ≥ 65 yrs, isolated stage 2 or 3 PF-OA (modified Iwano staging by radiology), and a laterally subluxed patella shown on a Merchant's axial radiograph. Outcome was judged by three parameters: clinical PF function (modified Kujala scoring), congruence angle, and PF-OA staging. Two hundred and one knees in 107 patients were followed-up for an average of 4.2 yrs (range, 2.1-7.5 yrs) and 19 patients were lost to follow-up. No surgical complications occurred through the course of treatment. Clinical PF function improved in knees that showed unsatisfactory performance (modified Kujala scoring < 32) preoperatively, with 78.1% of the knees showing satisfactory performance (modified Kujala scoring ≥ 32) at the latest follow-up. Congruence angle improved in 85.6% of the knees and PF-OA staging improved in 77.1% of the knees. Combined lateral retinacular release with drilling chondroplasty is a feasible alternative for treatment of PF-OA associated with patellar malalignment in elderly patients where knee arthroplasty cannot be performed by various reasons. Advantages of this combined surgical technique include a less invasive procedure, minimal complication rate, and an acceptable success rate (78%, modified Kujala scoring ≥ 32).     

Anatomic and radioanatomic study of the lateral genicular arteries: application to prevention of postoperative hemarthrosis after arthroscopic lateral retinacular release

Summary Arthroscopic lateral retinacular release can be complicated by hemarthrosis in 10 to 18% of cases. The vascular structures involved are the lateral vascular pedicles of the knee. This study examines the topography of these pedicles. Anatomic and radioanatomic studies carried out in 50 specimens defined the route of the vascular pedicles at the lateral aspect of the knee. From the measurements carried out, we noted the relative homogeneity of the routes taken by the different proximo-lateral vascular pedicles, which are highly vulnerable, and the variability of the disto-lateral arterial routes. A tracing-paper study identified two distinct routes for the disto-lateral vascular pedicle and evaluated the risk of injury to it in surgical approaches to the lateral aspect of the knee. Finally, the topographic data of the study suggest the possibility of preventive hemostasis of the proximo-lateral pedicle via a minimal approach close to the patella. Furthermore, it seems possible to avoid cutting the disto-lateral pedicle if it is localised by cutaneous trans-illumination at the beginning of the operation.

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Etude anatomique et radio-anatomique des artères latérales du genou. Application à la prévention de l'hémarthrose post-opératoire après section du rétinaculum patellaire latéral par voie d'abord arthroscopique

Résumé La section du rétinaculum patellaire latéral (aileron rotulien externe) par voie arthroscopique peut dans 10 à 18 % des cas se compliquer d'hémarthrose. Les structures vasculaires impliquées sont les pédicules vasculaires latéraux du genou. Ce travail étudie la topographie de ces pédicules. L'étude anatomique et radio-anatomique portant sur cinquante pièces précise le trajet des pédicules vasculaires de la face latérale du genou. Les mesures réalisées permettent d'affirmer la relative homogénéité des trajets des différents pédicules vasculaires proximo-latéraux, très vulnérables, et une variabilité de trajet des artères disto-latérales. La réalisation de calques permet d'identifier deux types de trajets distincts pour le pédicule vasculaire disto-latéral et d'apprécier le risque de le léser lors d'un abord de la face latérale du genou. Enfin, les données topographiques de l'étude permettent de discuter de l'opportunité d'une hémostase préventive du pédicule proximo-latéral par un abord minime à proximité de la patella. II semble possible, en outre, d'éviter de sectionner le pédicule disto-latéral grâce à sa localisation par trans-illumination cutanée en début d'intenvention.

     

Lateral retinacular release in concordance with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellar instability: A computational model

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a finite element (FE) model of the patellofemoral joint to analyze the biomechanics of lateral retinacular release after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction in patellar malalignment (increased tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (TT-TG)). We hypothesized that lateral retinacular release is not appropriate in patellar instability addressed by MPFL reconstruction due to decreased lateral stability and inappropriate adjustment in patellofemoral contact pressures.MethodsA FE in-silico model of the patellofemoral joint was developed and validated. The model was used analyze the effect of lateral retinacular release in association with MPFL reconstruction on patellofemoral contact pressures, contact area, and lateral patellar displacement during knee flexion.ResultsMPFL reconstruction alone results in restoration of patellofemoral contact pressures throughout the entire range of motion (0–90°), mimicking the results from healthy condition. The addition of the lateral retinacular release to the MPFL reconstruction resulted in significant reductions in both patellofemoral contact pressure and contact area. Lateral retinacular release resulted in more lateral patellar displacement during the mid-flexion knee range of motion.ConclusionsCombination of lateral retinacular release with MPFL reconstruction in patients with increased TT-TG is not recommended as MPFL reconstruction alone for first-line management of recurrent patellar instability offers a greater biomechanical advantage and restoration of contact forces to resemble that of the healthy knee. The presented biomechanical data outlines the effect of concomitant MPFL reconstruction and lateral retinacular release to help guide surgical planning for patients with recurrent patellar instability due to malalignment.     

Dual tunnel medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patients with patellar dislocation using a semitendinosus tendon autograft

The purpose of this study was to describe a safer and more anatomical technique of MPFL reconstruction and to report the short-term results. The subjects included 20 patients with patellar dislocation with a mean age of 23. The operation was performed using a double-looped autogenous semitendinosus tendon graft. Two small bone tunnels were made at the medial edge of the patella, mimicking the wide patellar insertion of the MPFL and a bone tunnel was made at the femoral insertion site. The free ends of the graft attached to the patella and the loop end was fixed to the femoral side. Five patients were available for follow-up interviews by telephone and the remaining 15 were directly examined by physical examination and radiographic evaluation at 2 years or longer postoperatively. The average follow-up period was 30 months. Re-dislocation or patellar fracture was not seen in any patients. The average Kujala's score was 96 with a range from 84 to 100. Six patients were classified as excellent and 14 as good, according to the Crosby and Insall grading system. Radiographically, narrowing of the patellofemoral joint space was observed in 2 cases with previous osteochondral fracture out of those who were directly examined. The dual tunnel MPFL reconstruction produces favorable results in subjective and functional assessment of outcome without complications.     

Medial marginal fracture of the patella following patellar dislocation

Among patients with patellar dislocation, a small fragment is occasionally found along the medial border of the patella. However, the detailed pathology of this fracture has not been clearly described, especially in relation to the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). The purpose of this study was to describe the pathology of this fracture in relation to the MPFL. The subjects were seven patients with an acute primary patellar dislocation showing a medial marginal fracture of the patella. An open exploration was performed to confirm the relationship between the fragment and the MPFL. The MPFL was repaired by re-attachment to the patella with anchors. The patellar fracture site was determined by the location of anchors in the post-operative plain radiograph. The fragments were continuous with the thick and taut MPFL in all cases. Re-attachment of the MPFL stabilized the patella against lateral shift by manual force improving the tracking. All patients returned to their pre-injury activity level without any episodes of recurrent dislocation or subluxation at the final follow up (av. 31 months). Medial marginal fracture of the patella was an avulsion fracture of the MPFL that occurred at the middle one-third of the patella.     

Gait pattern normalization after lateral retinaculum reconstruction for iatrogenic medial patellar instability

A case of medial patellar instability following Insall's proximal realignment studied pre- and postoperatively by gait analysis is presented. Preoperative gait analysis showed an increased stance time period as well as an increased horizontal braking, heel contact and toe-off vertical peak forces on the affected limb. In our case, gait parameters tended to shift towards a normal value pattern after reconstruction of the lateral retinaculum. We speculate about the importance of the passive restraining structures in patellar stability, in contrast to the role of the muscle function advocated by some authors.