超声内镜引导下经胃肠壁置管引流胰腺假性囊肿的疗效分析

目的 观察超声内镜引导下经胃肠壁置管引流胰腺假性囊肿的疗效.方法 在线阵扫描型超声内镜监测下以一步法针状电刀穿刺胃肠壁,X线显示超声内镜引导下导丝沿穿刺针道进入囊肿内,然后沿导丝置入"双猪尾形"塑料支架,治疗13例胰腺假性囊肿.结果 12例病人穿刺引流成功,成功率92%,经引流3-7天,B超或CT提示囊肿缩小50%以上,腹痛在1-3天缓解,腹胀在术后当天消失.术后发生感染1例(7.7%),无出血、穿孔及死亡等严重并发症.随访8-24个月无复发.结论 超声内镜引导下经胃肠壁囊肿置管引流术为治疗胰腺假性囊肿的较好方法之一,疗效确切,并发症少.     

胰腺假性囊肿的临床治疗进展

胰腺假性囊肿多继发于急、慢性胰腺炎等胰腺疾病,临床表现各不相同,部分患者无明显不适,可选择保守治疗。随着内镜技术的发展,内镜下经胃肠道壁穿刺置管引流术、内镜下经十二指肠乳头穿刺囊肿置管引流术、超声胃镜引导下经胃肠道壁穿刺置管引流术因技术操作简单、临床效果肯定、并发症少而逐渐应用于临床。当然传统的经皮超声引导下囊肿引流术同样适应于某些患者的治疗。当内科治疗失败或治疗效果不佳时,可采用外科手术治疗。本文综述了以上治疗方式的最新进展,并进行总结。     

胰腺假性囊肿经内镜引流治疗的护理探讨

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿经胰管支架或鼻胰管引流的护理价值。方法采用回顾性调查对31例行内镜下经十二指肠乳头胰管内外引流术的胰腺假性囊肿患者进行分析,探讨内镜下经十二指肠乳头胰管内引流及有效的护理对胰腺假性囊肿的治疗作用。结果 31例胰腺假性囊肿经内镜引流（ERCPO）32例（次）,其中鼻胰管引流（ENPD）8例;胰管支架（ERPD）10例;ENPD＋ERPD13例。术后出现囊肿感染4例,感染率13%;2例转外科手术治疗,其中1例因胰腺假性囊肿多分隔,另外1例因引流液中查到异型细胞,转手术切除;囊肿复发1例,再次给予ERPD引流后治愈;胰腺假性囊肿残腔形成1例。无出血、穿孔、死亡等并发症发生。胰管支架放置至囊肿消失时间平均3mon,平均住院40.6d。结论内镜经乳头引流治疗交通性胰腺假性囊肿是一种确切有效的治疗方法,而术前、术中、术后护理措施是保证手术顺利进行及手术疗效的必备条件。     

内镜下经十二指肠乳头引流治疗与主胰管相通的胰腺假性囊肿

目的:内镜下经十二指肠乳头引流治疗与主胰管相通的胰腺假性囊肿,探讨交通性胰腺假性囊肿的内镜治疗效果。方法:回顾分析22例交通性胰腺假性囊肿经十二指肠乳头引流,观察术后囊肿消退及临床症状改善情况。结果:治疗后20例患者囊肿消退及症状明显改善,1例囊肿3个月后复发,再行引流,1例引流3天后囊肿消退,但5天后引流管堵塞,原有囊肿复发,且新的部位(胰尾部)亦出现囊肿,转外科手术。结论:经十二指肠乳头引流治疗与主胰管相通的胰腺假性囊肿,安全有效,可作为首选的治疗方法。     

超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流对胰腺假性囊肿的应用价值陈创华 方建华 徐陈柯 王炜 杭州市第一人民医院超声科 杭州310006

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流在胰腺假性囊肿治疗中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析我院2010月8月～2013年9月间35例超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的临床资料。结果 35例假性囊肿共穿刺39次,均一次成功,手术成功率100％,引流管放置39根,所有患者均未出现严重不良反应,留管时间10－63天,引流量随时间递减,术后随访3－18个月,31例囊肿闭合,2例囊肿明显缩小,2例囊肿转为手术内引流。结论 超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术对于治疗胰腺假性囊肿疗效显著,且创伤小,安全性高,并发症少,值得临床大力推广。     

胰腺假性囊肿在超声内镜引导下穿刺与治疗

目的：评价胰腺假性囊肿超声内镜引导下穿刺诊断与治疗价值。方法：采用OlympusGF—UM30P穿刺超声内镜及18G穿刺针对胰腺假性囊肿病灶经胃壁穿刺活检及置入塑料支架行胰腺囊肿胃内引流术。结果：穿刺成功率、取样满意率、诊断准确率均为100％。胰腺囊肿穿刺后最大径缩小均超过．50％，2例囊肿完全消失，随访术后3—6个月5例囊肿仍较术前缩小50％，1例行囊肿胃置管内引流术者术后1周囊肿缩小，6个月无复发。10例穿刺者未发生任何近期和远期并发症。结论：超声内镜引导下穿刺对胰腺假性囊肿的诊断与治疗有较大价值，并发症少，安全性好。     

超声引导经皮穿刺诊断和治疗胰腺假性囊肿

目的探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺抽液或置管引流在胰腺假性囊肿诊断和治疗中的应用价值.方法2005-2010年在超声引导下经皮穿刺13例胰腺假性囊肿.穿刺抽出的囊液,胸水、腹水常规测定淀粉酶含量,单纯穿刺抽液7例,置管引流6例,囊腔内注射无水酒精2例.结果12例均痊愈,随访12-24个月无复发.结论超声下经皮穿刺抽液或置管引流是胰腺假性囊肿合理的治疗方法之一,常规测定囊液、腹水、胸水的淀粉酶含量有助于明确诊断.     

胰腺假性囊肿的外科治疗83例分析

目的:探讨对胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式和效果。方法:结合有关文献及对我院1990年1月至2007年6月收治的83例胰腺假性囊肿的处理方式、效果及并发症进行回顾性分析。结果:期待疗法自愈4例,采用非手术和非介入的期待处理10例,5例囊肿明显缩小,5例囊肿消失;B超引导下经皮囊肿穿刺抽液1例。B超引导下经皮置管引流3例;外引流术5例。单纯囊肿切除术6例。囊肿胰尾脾切除术3例。其余均行内引流术:囊肿与胃吻合23例。囊肿与空肠Roux-en-Y吻合28例,囊肿与十二指肠吻合2例,均获一次性治愈,无近期、远期并发症发生。结论:应采用个体化的治疗原则,根据囊肿形成的大小、时间、部位选择期待疗法、非手术引流(经皮穿刺吸液、内镜治疗),胃囊肿吻合、十二指肠囊肿吻合、空肠囊肿吻合、囊肿切除术。     

一步法“ERCP-EUS”联合治疗交通性胰腺假性囊肿

目的探讨与主胰管相通的胰腺假性囊肿使用经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)后十二指肠镜下胰管支架置入联合超声内镜(EUS)引导下经胃穿刺支架置入引流的临床疗效。方法 5例经CT、MRI证实与主胰管相通的胰腺假性囊肿患者,十二指肠镜下主胰管支架置入成功后又在EUS引导下经胃穿刺置入双猪尾塑料支架或全覆膜金属支架进行双向引流。观察患者术后并发症、囊肿消失及缩小的时间。结果随访过程中,1例术后发热,囊液培养出革兰阴性杆菌,给予敏感抗生素治疗后症状消失;1例术后血淀粉酶一过性升高;所有病例囊肿均完全消失,消失时间分别为术后14 d、18 d、1月、1.5月、1.5月。囊肿消失1个月后拔岀全覆膜金属支架,3个月后拔除内引流支架,同时拔出胰管支架。5例患者均痊愈,随访1年无1例复发。结论一步法"ERCP-EUS"联合治疗交通性胰腺假性囊肿安全可靠,疗效更佳。     

CT引导胰腺假性囊肿穿刺引流

目的探讨CT引导下经皮胰腺假性囊肿穿刺置管外引流术的临床应用价值。方法2005～2008年,男4例,女2例,年龄30～56岁,6例假性胰腺囊肿患者进行了CT引导下的经皮穿刺置管持续外引流术。通过CT扫描确定假性胰腺囊肿的位置、穿刺途径、角度及深度后,进行穿刺、置管外引流,并对引流后的情况进行随访观察。结果6例共穿刺6次,穿刺及置管成功率100%,均经腹壁前入路。随访1～5月,带管时间1～5月,1例拔管后复发。结论CT引导下胰腺假性囊肿穿刺外引流术手术损伤小,安全有效,成功率高。     

Two cases of pancreatic abscess associated with penetration to the gastrointestinal tract during treatment using endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage

Of pancreatic pseudocysts, approximately 30% are complicated by abscess formation, perforation into the abdominal cavity, penetration to the gastrointestinal tract, or bleeding. We report two cases of pancreatic abscess complicating severe acute pancreatitis in which the abscess penetrated to the gastrointestinal tract during the course of treatment with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided pseudocyst drainage. In these cases, neither aggravation nor recurrence of the pancreatic abscess has been identified since the event occurred. The EUS-guided treatment was effective for improvement of severe inflammation of the pseudocyst as an initial treatment. However, drainage tube placement limitations pertained because the pseudocyst was present with multilocular infection. Penetrations eventually contributed to their resolution because the fistulas were used as wide drainage routes. It is important to understand the courses of these cases for preparation of therapeutic strategies to treat pancreatic pseudocyst/abscess.     

超声内镜引导下经胃穿刺鼻囊肿引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿的观察研究

目的探讨超声内镜引导下经胃穿刺鼻囊肿引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿的疗效及安全性。方法对1例胰腺假性囊肿患者在超声内镜引导下经胃穿刺囊肿引流术,术后随访2个月,观察有无术后并发症及胰腺病灶缩小情况。结果患者术后1周囊肿明显缩小,3周后出现迟发型囊腔感染,经过静脉抗生素联合灭滴灵对囊腔多次冲洗后感染控制,随访2个月,囊肿消失,无复发。结论超声内镜引导下经胃穿刺鼻囊肿引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿安全性好,疗效确切,创伤小,值得在有条件的医院推广应用。     

Post-splenectomy multiple pancreatic pseudocysts

A patient was admitted for breathlessness associated with post-splenectomy multiple pseudocysts and succumbed after internal drainage of the pseudocyst. Although the occurrence of pseudocyst following splenectomy is uncommon, failure to identify and treat this condition at an early stage could result in fatal consequences. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of pseudocyst occurring after splenectomy. The advent of interventional radiology has provided better treatment option for patients with solitary pancreatic pseudocysts with success rates similar to those with open surgery but with lower morbidity and mortality rates. However, its role in the management of multiple pseudocysts remains to be defined.     

改良式胸乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺切除术在良性甲状腺病变中的应用

目的探讨改良式胸乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗良性甲状腺病变的安全性和可行性。方法选择2011年3月至2012年3月在我院普外科接受腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗的女性患者56例,原发病均为良性甲状腺疾病。其中28例施行改良式胸乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺切除术(改良组),利用女性乳房可推移性及腔镜手术器械的长杆状特点,在胸乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺切除术的基础上,进行不游离前胸壁皮下间隙的术式改良;28例患者施行胸乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺切除术(原术式组)。两组患者的平均年龄和病因构成无统计学差异。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛程度、术后住院时间及手术并发症发生情况。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后引流量差异均无统计学意义。与原术式组相比,改良组患者术后疼痛减轻(平均疼痛度视觉模拟评分3.0±1.6vs 4.5±1.8,P=0.042),术后前胸壁皮肤红肿或皮下淤斑、水肿、积液发生率降低(0vs 21.4%,P=0.01),两组患者均未出现喉返神经、甲状旁腺损伤,无术后出血。结论改良后的胸乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗良性甲状腺病变安全可行,能明显减少原术式手术创伤。     

彩超指导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的临床探讨

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声指导下穿刺置管引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的临床可行性。方法 回顾性分析该院普外科2001年2月-2005年12月收治的各粪胰腺假性囊肿27例，均在彩色多普勒超声指导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗。结果 27例胰腺假性囊肿中随访2个月内闭合者9例，2-4个月闭合者11例，4咱个月内闭合者4例，其余3例6个月后仍未闭合，2例6个月后中转手术行囊肿空肠Roux—en-Y吻合术。另1例放弃手术治疗。治愈率达89．0%（24／27），有效率为100％。穿刺置管过程中未出现大出血、肠瘘和腹腔感染等严重并发症发生。结论 彩超指导下经皮穿刺置管治疗胰腺假性囊肿方法简单、实用，大多可达到治愈目的。且出血、肠瘘和腹腔感染等严重并发症发生率亦较低。值得临床推广应用。     

胰腺囊肿39例临床病理分析

目的 探讨真性胰腺囊肿(TPC)和假性囊肿(PPC)的诊断与治疗。方法 经手术和(或)病理证实胰腺囊肿39例,对一般资料、既往史、症状、体征、实验室检查、伴发病、囊肿部位和囊液检验及手术方法进行比较分析。结果 发现腹痛是最常见症状。假性囊肿组中有胆道感染,胰腺炎,胆道结石,恶心,呕吐,囊液混浊、呈棕、红及黑色,及采用囊肿内、外引流术的病例数均显著多于真性囊肿组(P<0.05)。真性囊肿组中伴有肝、肾囊肿和采用囊肿切除术的病例数均显著多于假性囊肿组(P<0.05)。本组中共36例进行B超检查,均发现胰腺囊肿。结论 对伴有上腹痛疑有胰腺囊肿者,应首选B超检查。胰腺囊肿病人如伴有胆道疾病,胰腺炎史,有恶心,呕吐,穿刺囊液混浊,呈棕、红及黑色可诊断为假性囊肿,应行囊肿内、外引流术。如伴有肝、肾囊肿,又无上述表现者,则可诊断为真性囊肿,可行囊肿切除术。     

胰腺导管腺癌影像学误诊因素分析

【】目的：回顾性分析51例胰腺导管腺癌(ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas, DACP)病例的影像学误诊原因。方法：误诊病例中男13人,女38人,年龄37岁—79岁。所有患者均经过CT和MRI平扫加增强检查并经手术证实为DACP。将影像资料和报告与其病理检查进行逐一对照,总结误诊原因。结果：20例低分化的DACP完全无囊性成分,因增强后无明显强化被误诊为“胰腺囊性肿瘤”或“胰腺囊肿”;16例DACP伴发假性囊肿因肿瘤被囊肿掩盖而被误诊为“胰腺炎伴假性囊肿”;15例DACP伴发阻塞性胰腺炎因肿瘤体积小且被炎症表现掩盖而被误诊为“局灶性胰腺炎”。所有病例均有边缘不清晰的无强化或轻度强化肿块(100%);43例(84%)出现上游主胰管扩张并至肿瘤处“截断”征象;胆总管扩张至胰腺段“截断”征象在肿瘤位于胰头的病例中占100%。结论：掌握DACP病理组织学特点以及理解其易引起继发性改变的特性有助于避免影像学误诊。     

CT增强扫描及磁共振DWI序列对肿块型胰腺炎与胰腺癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨CT增强扫描及磁共振水分子扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)对胰腺癌与肿块型胰腺炎的鉴别诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年10月我院101例肿块型胰腺病变患者的临床资料,将腹部增强CT诊断与病理结果进行对照,计算增强CT诊断肿块型胰腺病变的敏感性、特异性、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。比较肿块型胰腺炎与胰腺癌的CT表现差异,分析病灶的大小、部位、形态(强化情况、钙化、假囊肿形成、胰胆管扩张)、肾周筋膜增厚、对胰周大血管的侵犯、是否合并转移等指标,明确鉴别诊断要点。总结所有患者胰腺磁共振DWI序列(b值800 s/mm²)图像特点,测量每组表观弥散系数（ADC）值,并与正常胰腺组织进行对比分析。结果 101例患者中,病理诊断胰腺癌59例,肿块型胰腺炎42例,CT诊断的敏感性94.9%,特异性88.1%,准确率92.1%,阳性预测值91.8%,阴性预测值92.5%。增强前后的CT值、胰腺及胰管钙化、假囊肿、胰胆管扩张、胰周血管的侵犯及是否合并转移对肿块型胰腺炎与胰腺癌的鉴别有价值(P<0.05)。胰腺癌与肿块型胰腺炎的ADC值差异无统计学意义,两者与正常胰腺相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 CT增强扫描有利于鉴别诊断肿块型胰腺炎与胰腺癌,MRI DWI序列对肿块型胰腺炎及胰腺癌鉴别诊断可能价值有限。     

Timing of intervention in acute pancreatitis.

This review examines the appropriate timing of intervention in acute pancreatitis. In gallstone pancreatitis, it is now clear that cholecystectomy during the primary admission carries no greater risk of complications than delayed cholecystectomy and enables earlier recovery to normal activity. This course of action pre-empts a second, possibly fatal attack of acute pancreatitis. Cholecystectomy should be done after the acute phase has settled, before discharge from hospital. Patients with gallstones should now be offered endoscopic sphincterotomy within 48 hours of admission. This approach is safe, and reduces the risk of complications. When complications develop, early necrosectomy is only indicated if conservative measures fail. Delayed (> 10 days) necrosectomy is appropriate if there is evidence of sepsis, or clinical failure to improve. Pancreatic pseudocysts can often be managed expectantly; a high proportion will resolve spontaneously. After a delay of 12 weeks, persistent cysts require evaluation by endoscopic pancreatography, which gives crucial information in the choice between percutaneous or surgical drainage of the pseudocyst. A patient with pancreatitis is usually treated under the care of a surgeon, who has traditionally taken the decision on the timing of any intervention, and has performed such intervention at open operation. Recently, the development of alternative techniques has enabled the surgeon to call on the skills of his colleagues in endoscopy and interventional radiology. However, the availability of these alternatives to surgery should not affect the timing of intervention unless it can be clearly shown that such a change in timing combined with the minimally invasive technique can improve the outcome for the patient. Intervention may be required to deal with gallstones in the gallbladder or in the bile duct, to deal with, or ideally prevent, the deleterious systemic effects of pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis, or to drain a peripancreatic abscess. Peripancreatic fluid collections and pancreatic pseudocysts may also require either internal or external drainage to relieve symptoms or prevent complications.