1例非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术后并发糖尿病酮症酸中毒的护理

1病例介绍病人,男,73岁,2007年1月3日因持续性胸痛6h入院。急诊行心电图示:急性下壁心肌梗死。予溶栓、抗凝、调脂治疗。行冠状动脉造影示:左前降支(LAD)起始部狭窄40%~50%,左回旋支(LCX)中段斑块狭窄50%,右冠状动脉主干(RCA)近端多处斑块,狭窄85%,中段狭窄85%~90%,远端狭窄70%     

中高龄老年左冠状动脉主干狭窄患者的临床及病变形态特点分析

目的 探讨中高龄老年组左冠状动脉主干（LM）狭窄的临床特点和冠状动脉病变形态特点。方法 选择2006年1月至2007年12月在武汉亚洲心脏病医院行冠状动脉造影（CAG）证实为左冠状动脉主干狭窄（狭窄程度≥50％）的患者255例,依据年龄分为A组（年龄≤60岁）和B组（年龄≥70岁）,分析两组患者临床及左冠状动脉主干病变形态特点。 结果 中高龄老年左主干病变患者合并高血压者较中年左主干病变患者合并高血压病明显增多;左主干狭窄部位在开口部较中年组少;溃疡病变、钙化病变多;左主干＋三支病变多;建议药物治疗比中年患者多。结论 中高龄老年左冠状动脉主干狭窄患者预后极差,行外科手术治疗为主要治疗方式,一部分患者只能行药物治疗,少数患者可行介入治疗。     

经皮冠状动脉成形术后急性心包积液1例

患者,男,72岁。因胸前区疼痛不适一年余入院,心电图示V1-V3导联见Q波,临床诊断为“陈旧性心肌梗塞(前间壁)”,于2000年8月26日行冠状动脉+左室造影,冠状动脉造影示:左主干正常,前降支起始部偏心性狭窄40～50％,于第一间隔支发出后100％闭塞,第一对角支近中端弥漫性狭窄,最重90％。回旋支主干未见异常,高位边缘支两处狭窄,起始部80％,中端90％;钝圆支自中端以远呈弥漫不规则狭窄,最重95％。右冠状动脉近中端狭窄90％,其     

冠状动脉造影成像与64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像定性定量分析动脉粥样硬化的应用比较

目的:64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析,评估冠状动脉病变的临床意义及二者的符合率。方法:选取2005-05/2006-07在解放军总医院疑似或确诊冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查患者共85例,男64例,女21例;年龄41～83岁,平均61岁。85例患者均在64排螺旋CT检查后行冠状动脉造影。患者知情同意参加本实验。冠状动脉狭窄的测定:64排螺旋CT借助血管分析软件,直接提供"直径法"和"面积法"的狭窄率数值。冠状动脉造影检查按冠状动脉管腔直径分为正常;25%～49%为轻度狭窄;50%～74%为轻到中度狭窄;75%～94%为中到重度狭窄,95%～99%为重度狭窄,100%狭窄为闭塞。结果:64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像显示冠状动脉狭窄(均以≥50%有临床意义)与冠状动脉造影的符合率在左冠状动脉主干(左主干)为89%,左冠状动脉前降支(前降支)为93%,左冠状动脉回旋支(回旋支)为68%,右冠状动脉为48%。结论:64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像能较准确反应各支血管部位的狭窄程度,对左主干及前降支病变与冠状动脉造影检查符合率较高,在评价冠状动脉狭窄、定性和定量检测冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块等方面都有良好的临床应用价值。     

1例非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术的护理

1　病例简介患者男 ,73岁。自 1993年起出现心绞痛且逐渐加重 ,多次在我院住院治疗。 2 0 0 0年 2月 8日因心前区疼痛、加重 1周再次入院治疗。患者既往有 2次心肌梗死史 ,无高血压及糖尿病史。查体 :ＨＲ 6 5次 /ｍｉｎ,律齐 ,双肺呼吸音清 ,未闻及干、湿性罗音 ,心前区未闻及病理性杂音 ,心肌酶增高。动态心电图示新近期前间壁、侧壁心肌梗死 ,心肌下壁有缺血改变。选择性冠状动脉造影加左心室造影术示左冠状动脉主干狭窄 92 % ,左前降支完全阻塞 ,右冠状动脉及回旋支部分狭窄 ,左心室心尖部动度减弱 ,无室壁瘤及其他并发症。ＵＣＧ检查示…     

冠状动脉主干直径变化率对内皮功能障碍的预测价值

目的　探讨冠状动脉主干直径变化率 (ΔD)对内皮功能障碍的预测价值。方法　选取 74例有冠状动脉造影结果的患者 ,分为正常组和病变组。经胸M型超声心动图记录 (同步心电图指导 )左、右冠状动脉主干起始段舒张期内径 (Dd)和收缩期内径 (Ds) ,计算直径变化率 [ΔD =(Dd -Ds) /Dd× 1 0 0 % ]。结果　正常组左冠状动脉主干ΔD平均 2 8.76%± 7.92 % ,明显大于病变组 1 5 .0 1 %± 6.96% (P <0 .0 1 ) ;右冠状动脉主干ΔD平均 31 .99%± 6.35 % ,也明显大于病变组 2 0 .2 7%± 1 0 .1 7% (P <0 .0 1 )。左、右冠状动脉主干直径变化率相关性良好 (r =0 .5 995 ,P =0 .0 0 0 0 1 )。以冠状动脉主干ΔD <1 5 %为界 ,冠状动脉造影显示狭窄率 >75 %者 ,左冠状动脉主干ΔD均值 1 4.9% ,右冠状动脉主干ΔD均值 1 8.33% ,均为病变组的低水平。结论　冠状动脉主干ΔD可以预测内皮功能障碍的程度。随着冠状动脉病变累及支数和狭窄程度的增加 ,ΔD减小。     

右冠状动脉开口异常合并左回旋支发育异常1例

患者，男性，62岁，主因发作性胸痛1年，加重2天入院。患者既往体健。心电图示：V1～V4 ST段抬高0．2～0．4mV。入院诊断：急性前壁心肌梗死。于入院后第9天行冠状动脉造影示：右冠状动脉开口于左窦前部（图1），右冠状动脉分支丰富，其近端发出一较大分支近似左回旋支走行，左冠状动脉开口于左窦后部（图2），左主干短，前降支钙化明显，并弥漫斑块浸润，多处狭窄，以近端最重达（99％），左回旋支细而短小。处理：于前降支近端植入支架1枚。     

冠脉介入治疗术后并发腹膜后血肿2例

病例1 患者男,70 岁,主因间歇性胸骨后闷痛2 个月入院.入院查体:心肺未见异常.心电图示: 窦性心律ST-T 改变.入院诊断:冠心病、不稳定型心绞痛.次日在导管室经右侧桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术,结果为左主干体部局限性狭窄90%.间隔2 d 后家属要求行PCI 术,并从股动脉穿刺,并于左主干开口分别植入2 枚4.0 mm × 12 mm乐普雷帕霉素洗脱支架, 术后右下肢制动12 h,给予强化抗栓治疗.     

基层医院冠状动脉介入治疗3例

冠心病介入治疗目前在各大医院已成为重要的有效的治疗方法之一。基层医院受多种因素限制 ,较少开展 ,现将我院开展的 3例报道如下 :3例均为男性患者 ,年龄 47～ 63岁 ,均有陈旧性心肌梗塞 ,其中 1例前壁心梗 ,曾经行溶栓治疗。 3例患者均有心梗后心绞疼。冠状动脉造影显示 3例患者均有多处病变 :例 1左前降支近段狭窄 90 % ,左回旋支近段狭窄70 % ,左心室射血分数 (ＥＦ) 68% ;例 2左前降支开口狭窄 99% ,右冠中段狭窄 80 % ,ＥＦ40 % ;例 3右冠近段狭窄 80 % ,中段狭窄90 % ,后降支狭窄 90 % ,ＥＦ70 %。冠状动脉支架置入术 :常规消毒铺巾…     

冠脉CTA在右冠状动脉起自左冠状动脉窦畸形检测中的临床应用

目的:探讨冠脉CTA在右冠状动脉起自于左冠状动脉窦畸形患者检测中的临床应用价值。材料与方法:回顾性分析2010年02月至2012年02月在我院行冠脉CT检查发现的26例右冠状动脉起自于左冠状动脉窦的患者,对其临床资料及冠脉CT检查结果进行分析。结果:右冠状动脉起自左冠状动脉窦畸形的冠脉CT检出率为1.5%,其中右冠状动脉出现有意义狭窄13例,占50%。结论:右冠状动脉起自左冠状动脉窦是一种少见的先天性畸形,但此种畸形易引起右冠状动脉狭窄,可致心绞痛、心梗甚至猝死,冠脉CT对此种畸形的检测及狭窄判断有重要的临床意义。     

Changes in the way diagnostic coronary arteriography is performed due to the interventional prospect: the clinical impact

Our study was aimed at assessing whether diagnostic coronary angiography has changed in the interventional era. We have studied consecutive 1073 patients with coronary artery disease that was detected by a first angiographic study 2 years prior to (group 1: 545 patients) and after (group 2: 528 patients) the start of an interventional cardiology program in our catheterization laboratory. Radiological data and the use of intracoronary nitrates were recorded as well as demographic data and angiographic results. Pre- and post-interventional era comparison demonstrated: a significant increase in cranial, caudal and left anterior oblique angles, 19.3 degrees +/- 14.8 degrees vs. 24.3 degrees +/- 15.4 degrees, -18.4 degrees +/- 17.4 degrees vs. -23.3 degrees +/- 13.9 degrees, and 29.0 degrees +/- 23.3 degrees vs. 36.2 degrees +/- 25.4 degrees, respectively; a decrease in mean number of angiographic views and mean fluoroscopy time, 9.5 degrees +/- 1.6 degrees vs. 8.9 degrees +/- 1.8 degrees (p = 0.04) and 4.1 +/- 4.2 vs. 3.6 +/- 3.2 min (p = 0.008), respectively. The percentage of patients with normal coronary arteries on coronary arteriography decreased from 9.78 to 8.07% in the pre- and post-interventional era comparison. The way coronary arteriography is performed has changed, thanks to the new interventional attitude of invasive cardiologists. Trainees and young fellows should be trained right from the start of their fellowship to assess coronary artery disease from an interventional point of view.     

冠状动脉造影对心肌桥的检测及临床意义

目的 探讨冠脉造影中心肌桥的检出率及其临床意义。 方法 根据冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉管腔收缩期狭窄判定心肌桥，并根据收缩期狭窄程度分为3级。 结果 1447例行冠状动脉造影的患者中共检出心肌桥10例，检出率2．2％，全部位于左前降支。2例在心肌桥近端有粥样硬化病变，管腔固定狭窄达70％以上，置入支架。其他有症状病例经药物治疗，临床症状消失。 结论 冠状动脉造影时收缩期狭窄是判定心肌桥的惟一依据，心肌桥可导致缺血性心脏事件，对有缺血症状者应予适当治疗。     

Successful implantation of a coronary sinus lead after stenting of a coronary vein stenosis

Dislodgment of the coronary sinus lead was observed in a 79-year-old patient 8 months after implantation of a biventricular pacing system. A severe stenosis in the posterolateral branch, in which the lead was previously positioned, prohibited reinsertion of the lead. Because no other branches with adequate anatomy for lead insertion were available in the targeted area, the stenosis was dilated and stented. Subsequently, the left ventricular lead could be reimplanted in the same vessel.     

老年冠心病及血运重建对QT离散度的影响

目的 观察老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前后QT离散度(QTd)的变化特点与趋势,并与正常对照组进行对比,探讨QTd与冠状动脉狭窄程度和范围的关系及经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和PCI对其的影响,以期为临床寻找一种评价PCI术预后的有效无创方法.方法 已行冠状动脉造影术的≥60岁冠心病患者679例,分为冠心病组(经冠状动脉造影证实有单支或多支病变,狭窄程度≥50％)536例.对照组(同期住院冠状动脉造影狭窄程度＜50％)143例.术前分别描记两组的常规12导联心电图,测量QTd、校正QT离散度(QTcd).经冠状动脉造影证实狭窄程度≥75％的393例冠心病患者行PCI术,并再分为3个亚组:单支病变组176例,双支病变组118例,3支病变组99例.对照组:同期住院冠状动脉造影狭窄程度＜50％患者143例.PCI各组术前、术后1天、7天,分别检测QTd、QTcd,进行比较.结果 冠心病组胆红素明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).冠心病组的总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和血尿酸明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),QTd和QTcd明显比对照组延长(P＜0.01),冠心病3个亚组的QTd和QTcd在术前、术后1天和术后7天均呈逐渐下降趋势,3个亚组在组间、不同时点以及组间和不同时点的交互作用中差异均有统计学意义.单支病变组术前QTd(48.52±12.35)ms,术后1天(41.23±13.35) ms,术后7天(41.12±12.61) ms,术前QTcd(55.34±15.81)ms,术后1天(48.62±14.93) ms,术后7天(48.23±13.65) ms;双支病变组术前QTd(53.26±16.95) ms,术后1天(44.54±14.63)ms,术后7天(43.96±15.32) ms,术前QTcd(59.41±16.72)ms,术后1天(50.35±15.43) ms,术后7天(49.94±15.35)ms;3支病变组术前QTd(58.43±13.72) ms,术后1天(52.82±13.66)ms,术后7天(52.76±13.32)ms,术前QTcd(65.91±18.53)ms,术后1天(60.21±16.38) ms,术后7天(60.19±15.74) ms.结论 QTd、QTcd在冠心病患者明显升高,PCI术后明显降低,并与冠状动脉狭窄的程度和范围有关.说明QTd、QTcd可以作为临床上预测心肌缺血,评估PCI术后预后的有效无创指标.     

Echocardiographic Diagnosis of a Right Coronary Artery-Coronary Sinus Fistula

In this case report, we describe a 67-year-old woman with right coronary artery-coronary sinus fistula. This woman had complaints of chest pain. Ischemic ECG changes and a ventricular tachycardia were detected on her electrocardiogram. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a large right coronary artery and a dilated coronary sinus. Drainage of the coronary artery to the coronary sinus was detected by colour flow mapping during transesophageal echocardiographic examination, and a 94 mmHg peak gradient was recorded by continuous wave Doppler at the drainage site. These findings were confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography can provide definitive confirmation of the right coronary artery-coronary sinus fistula, and can be the diagnostic procedure of choice when this anomaly is suspected.     

冠状动脉介入治疗后痉挛的原因分析及护理对策

回顾分析了2003年1月-2005年1月行冠状动脉支架植入术后4例发生冠状动脉痉挛的原因,认为可能与血管的狭窄、术中造影剂或机械刺激、精神紧张等因素有关。针对冠状动脉支架植入术后发生冠状动脉痉挛的时间和规律,认真做好术前评估,尤其是高危患健康教育和心理护理,术后严格床头交接班,了解介入治疗血管及未治疗血管狭窄的情况．并对患发作冠状动脉痉挛时的心电图变化进行分析,加强围手术期的病情观察。     

Revascularization strategies in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

This review aims to describe new developments in coronary revascularization strategies for patients with pre-existing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recommended strategies for revascularization have been an active area of study with recent important developments. In patients with Type 2 DM and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the preferred method for revascularization. Patients with DM are at increased risk for diffuse cardiovascular disease due to the proinflammatory, prothrombotic effects of chronic hyperglycemia. In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, drug-eluting stents and more potent antiplatelet agents especially in those presenting with acute coronary syndromes should be employed.     

Whole blood versus plasma measurements of glutamate and alanine across the human myocardium

Comparisons of whole blood and plasma aorto-coronary sinus concentration differences of glutamate and alanine were made before, during and after coronary sinus pacing in seven patients with normal and six patients with stenotic coronary arteries. Mean differences between duplicate analyses were greater in whole blood than plasma both of glutamate (7.5±5.8 vs. 3.3±3.0 μmol/l, p<0.001) and of alanine (7.9±7.0 vs. 3.8±3.4 μmol/l, p<0.001). Concentrations of glutamate were 3.4 and of alanine 1.4 times higher in whole blood than in plasma. Blood cells were calculated to be responsible for about 20% of glutamate and alanine blood exchanges across the heart. Plasma and whole blood fluxes were closely positively correlated (glutamate:r=0.81, alanine:r=0.88) and had always the same direction. Differences in myocardial exchanges of amino acids between the patients with and without coronary artery disease, as well as rapid changes during pacing, could be demonstrated in plasma analyses but were not significantly reflected in whole blood glutamate determinations. This seemed to be due to the greater variations in whole blood analysis. In conclusion, differences in aorto-coronary sinus plasma concentrations reflected, although underestimated, whole blood fluxes. Because of considerable gains in precision of analysis, plasma should be preferred to whole blood for evaluations of glutamate and alanine exchanges across the human heart.