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1.
肿瘤新生抗原是指由肿瘤细胞基因突变产生的特异性抗原,可激活CD4+ T和CD8+ T细胞产生免疫反应,抑制肿瘤生长。因肿瘤新生抗原未经历中枢性免疫耐受,故其免疫原性高。肿瘤新生抗原疫苗种类有DNA疫苗、RNA疫苗、树突状细胞疫苗及纳米疫苗等,是高度个体化疫苗,相对安全且副作用小。利用新一代测序技术和生物信息学技术鉴定和筛选新生抗原;利用佐剂或生物材料设计制备免疫原性更强的新生抗原疫苗。临床上肿瘤新生抗原疫苗可与免疫检查点抑制疗法、放疗、化疗等联合应用,为肿瘤患者提供个体化治疗方案。从肿瘤新生抗原的概念、肿瘤新生抗原疫苗的种类、设计制备方法以及临床应用等方面做一综述,以期为相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
本文介绍了近年来癌症疫苗研究进展,包括全细胞疫苗,树突状细胞疫苗,病毒载体疫苗和分离抗原疫苗。由于分离抗原分子不能非常有效地激发免疫系统,所以一度被认为没有前任的全细胞疫苗重又引起了人们的兴趣。  相似文献   

3.
在最近的临床试验中许多抗肿瘤疫苗都宣告失败,原因在于选错了病人和免疫佐剂,而且由于没有仔细监测抗肿瘤免疫应答,使得试验几无收获。本文报道了一种新的抗淋巴瘤疫苗的临床试验,由于采用新的疫苗策略,取得了满意的结果,为今后抗肿瘤疫苗试验的实施树立了榜样。  相似文献   

4.
个体化精准医疗是肿瘤免疫治疗中非常重要的一部分。新生抗原是一类特异的存在于肿瘤细胞表面主要组织相容性复合物(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)上的抗原表位肽,经由突变的体细胞基因编码、转录和翻译而成的具有特异性氨基酸序列变异的抗原肽。肿瘤细胞的突变  相似文献   

5.
美国Beth Israel Deaconess医学中心的Avigan将具有完整肿瘤特异性抗原的全肿瘤细胞与树突状细胞(DC)的有效免疫刺激部分相结合来研制新疫苗。  相似文献   

6.
李倩  戴逸飞  韦薇 《中国新药杂志》2023,(24):2483-2488
新生抗原是由肿瘤细胞基因突变而产生的一类特异性多肽,可在细胞内表达和加工,随后被主要组织相容性复合物呈现至细胞表面,并被T细胞识别,从而激活机体的免疫系统,引起一系列免疫应答反应。随着测序技术和人工智能预测方法的快速发展,新生抗原疗法已成为未来肿瘤治疗的重要发展方向。在精准医疗的时代背景下,基于新生抗原的个体化肿瘤疫苗和过继性T细胞转移疗法在恶性黑色素瘤、脑胶质瘤等肿瘤治疗领域显示出鼓舞人心的结果,并且新生抗原联合其他免疫治疗的方案也展现出广阔的应用前景。然而,这种新兴的个体化治疗方法在充满医学前景的同时也伴随着复杂的研发、监管等挑战。本文将简要介绍新生抗原的研究进展和监管现状,以期为我国新生抗原的研发、监管等提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
癌症疫苗     
本文介绍了肿瘤免疫疗法的进展,用权突状细胞与肿瘤细胞融合而产生的疫苗治疗转移性肾癌安全、有效,此法可能用于治疗其他肿瘤。  相似文献   

8.
9.
本文介绍了近年来癌症疫苗研究进展,包括全细胞疫苗、树突状细胞疫苗、病毒载体疫苗和分离抗原疫苗。由于分离抗原分子不能非常有效地激发免疫系统,所以一度被认为没有前途的全细胞疫苗重又引起人们的兴趣。  相似文献   

10.
目的利用食管癌肿瘤可溶性抗原(TSA)和超抗原(SEC)构建肿瘤疫苗,刺激外周血淋巴细胞,诱导产生细胞毒性T细胞(CTLs),对肿瘤细胞进行体内外杀伤作用研究,以探讨其抗肿瘤作用。方法外周血淋巴细胞经肿瘤疫苗作用,进行体外培养,诱导产生细胞毒性T细胞;细胞毒实验测定效应细胞杀伤活性;建立小鼠移植瘤模型,用肿瘤疫苗进行干预治疗,观察其治疗效果。结果经肿瘤疫苗刺激的淋巴细胞组诱导的CTLs对靶细胞杀伤活性显著高于单纯淋巴细胞组(P<0.05),对TSA来源的食管癌细胞具有选择性杀伤作用;体内研究发现肿瘤疫苗能显著减轻小鼠荷瘤负担,延长生存期。结论肿瘤可溶性抗原与超抗原SEC构建的肿瘤疫苗能产生高效特异性的抗肿瘤效果,显示出良好的抗肿瘤免疫治疗作用。  相似文献   

11.
曹峥  申慧琴 《安徽医药》2024,28(9):1715-1718
目前,结直肠癌有多种治疗策略,包括手术、化疗、放疗和靶向治疗。最新的研究发现,新抗原是一类肿瘤特异性抗原,被视为许多癌症免疫治疗的新靶点。基于新抗原的免疫治疗策略包括肿瘤疫苗和过继细胞疗法,其目的是通过增强宿主 T细胞对新抗原的免疫反应来消除肿瘤细胞。该文总结了目前发现的结直肠癌新抗原及其免疫原性,并列举了基于新抗原治疗结直肠癌的临床试验,最后对当前研究面临的问题与挑战提出思考。  相似文献   

12.
The in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of doxorubicin-loaded B16-F10 murine melanoma cells (DLTC) were evaluated. DLTC showed similar growth-inhibitory effects against live B16-F10 cells with doxorubicin solution in cell culture system, with the IC50  相似文献   

13.
Since the discovery of the Nobel prize-winning mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) ten years ago, it has become a promising drug target for the treatment of multiple diseases, including cancer. There have already been some successful applications of siRNA drugs in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and respiratory syncytial virus infection. However, significant barriers still exist on the road to clinical applications of siRNA drugs, including poor cellular uptake, instability under physiological conditions, off-target effects and possible immunogenicity. The successful application of siRNA for cancer therapy requires the development of clinically suitable, safe and effective drug delivery systems. Herein, we review the design criteria for siRNA delivery systems and potential siRNA drug delivery systems for cancer therapy, including chemical modifications, lipid-based nanovectors, polymer-mediated delivery systems, conjugate delivery systems, and others.  相似文献   

14.
    
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and are present in all biological fluids of vertebrates, where they transfer DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from donor to recipient cells in cell-to-cell communication. Some EV components can also indicate the type and biological status of their parent cells and serve as diagnostic targets for liquid biopsy. EVs can also natively carry or be modified to contain therapeutic agents (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and small molecules) by physical, chemical, or bioengineering strategies. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and stability, EVs are ideal nanocarriers for bioactive ingredients to induce signal transduction, immunoregulation, or other therapeutic effects, which can be targeted to specific cell types. Herein, we review EV classification, intercellular communication, isolation, and characterization strategies as they apply to EV therapeutics. This review focuses on recent advances in EV applications as therapeutic carriers from in vitro research towards in vivo animal models and early clinical applications, using representative examples in the fields of cancer chemotherapeutic drug, cancer vaccine, infectious disease vaccines, regenerative medicine and gene therapy. Finally, we discuss current challenges for EV therapeutics and their future development.  相似文献   

15.
近年来随着农业生产的产业化,农药已经被大量的使用在农业生产中,但由于有些农药的监管能力不足或使用不当,使得农药残留问题十分严重。解决这个问题的关键就是提高和完善农药残留量的分析检测技术。在这个分析检测过程中,样品的前处理技术也是尤为的关键。文章综述了一些常用的样品前处理技术以及它们的最新研究进展,其中包括对固相微萃取、微波辅助萃取以及免疫亲和色谱技术等进行了逐一的介绍。文中不仅综述了农药残留分析技术未来的发展方向,也针对各类问题,提出了农药残留分析技术的挑战以及更高的要求。  相似文献   

16.
新形势下高校研究生社团的特点及发展方向探索   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王津南 《药学教育》2007,23(4):8-10
以南京大学研究生社团情况为切入口,分析在新形势下高校研究生社团的特点,研究生社团在研究生培养教育中发挥的作用及高校研究生社团发展中存在的问题、原因分析和解决方法。  相似文献   

17.
    
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy has shown impressive outcomes, including the development of the first FDA-approved anti-cancer vaccine. However, the clinical application of DC-based cancer immunotherapy is associated with various challenges. Promising novel tools for the administration of cancer vaccines has emerged from recent developments in nanoscale biomaterials. One current strategy to enhance targeted drug delivery, while minimizing drug-related toxicities, is the use of nanoparticles (NPs). These can be utilized for antigen delivery into DCs, which have been shown to provide potent T cell-stimulating effects. Therefore, NP delivery represents one promising approach for creating an effective and stable immune response without toxic side effects. The current review surveys cancer immunotherapy with particular attention toward NP-based delivery methods that target DCs.  相似文献   

18.
癌症患者抑郁状态与支持性心理疏导的相关因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的通过收集40例癌症患者的抑郁状态与支持性心理疏导的情况,探讨二者之间的相关性。方法利用回顾性方式进行讨论,采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)进行评定,对40例癌症患者抑郁状态各因子及各治疗阶段相关因素进行分析。结果研究组40例癌症患者抑郁状态各因子在各治疗阶段之间比较,均有明显变化。治疗前后有显著差异(P〈0.01)。结论癌症患者的抑郁状态与支持性心理疏导密切相关,应重视支持性心理疏导对改善癌症患者抑郁状态的重要作用。  相似文献   

19.
We performed transfection using cationic liposome. According to the gene expression level, lined cells were divided into two groups, high and low. Introduced gene was monitored with a confocal laser-scanning microscope. The percentages of the cells introduced gene reached more than 90% in all line. Then, introduced gene was stable in high group, while in low group, it significantly decreased. With lysosomotrophic agents, gene expression efficiency was significantly reduced. With colchicine, gene expression efficiency did not change in high group, but was significantly elevated in low group. A method of liposomal transfection could be effective, particularly in low group.  相似文献   

20.
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of dendrimers for cancer treatment   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Dendrimers are prepared with a level of control not attainable with most linear polymers, leading to nearly monodisperse, globular macromolecules with a large number of peripheral groups. As a consequence, dendrimers are an ideal delivery vehicle candidate for explicit study of the effects of polymer size, charge, composition, and architecture on biologically relevant properties such as lipid bilayer interactions, cytotoxicity, internalization, blood plasma retention time, biodistribution, and tumor uptake. Over the last several years, substantial progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes for the treatment of cancer, including advances in the delivery of anti-neoplastic and contrast agents, neutron capture therapy, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy. The focus of this review is on dendrimer developments from the last four years for oncological applications, with emphasis on distinct architectures and the biological responses these structures elicit.  相似文献   

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