介入治疗合并肺动脉高压的中老年继发孔型房间隔缺损的安全性和有效性

目的探讨经导管治疗合并肺动脉高压的中老年继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)的安全性和有效性。方法1997年10月至2006年2月,48例合并肺动脉高压(右心导管测量肺动脉平均压>25mmHg)的ASD患者接受了封堵治疗(同期196例无肺动脉高压为对照组)。分析经导管封堵后肺动脉收缩压、心功能以及右心室、肺动脉直径变化。结果48例中47例封堵治疗成功,技术成功率97.9%,即刻残余分流率为2.1%(1/48)。全组缺损经胸超声心动图(TTE)最大径18.9±5.1mm。封堵后即刻肺动脉收缩压由61.2±12.6mmHg降至43.0±8.4mmHg(P<0.01),肺动脉平均压由31.1±4.8mmHg降至26.0±3.4mmHg(P<0.05),全肺阻力由2.9±1.4mmHg.min(Wood单位)降至1.9±0.8mmHg.min(P<0.01)。封堵后第1天,主肺动脉直径由术前的30.2±7.3mm降至27.2±5.8mm(P<0.01),右心室前后径由35.4±7.6mm降至28.0±7.0mm(P<0.01)。全组并发症发生率8.3%(4/48),其中操作相关并发症4.2%。随访8.7±15.4个月(1～60个月),随访期间肺动脉收缩压进一步下降,肺动脉直径、右心室前后径进一步减小,心电图右束支传导阻滞比例降低,NYHA心功能分级改善。结论经导管封堵治疗合并轻中度肺动脉高压的中老年ASD安全、有效,术后肺动脉压降低,心功能改善,近、中期疗效显著。     

中老年动脉导管未闭患者介入治疗139例分析

目的 分析中老年动脉导管未闭(PDA)患者的临床特征及探讨行经导管封堵治疗的安全性.方法 选择2000年1月至2009年4月在我科介入治疗的139例40岁以上PDA患者,男22例,女117例,年龄40～74(49.8±6.8)岁,术前心功能分级为Ⅰ级64例,Ⅱ级53例,Ⅲ级16例,Ⅳ级6例,分析中老年PDA患者临床特征及观察封堵PDA前后肺动脉压和心功能的改善情况.结果 139例患者中合并肺动脉高压107例,发生率为77.0%,3例严重肺动脉高压者不适宜手术治疗,其余136例均成功行介入治疗,成功率为97.8%.封堵PDA后主动脉造影显示残余分流微量14例,少量2例,中等量分流1例,无手术相关并发症.术后心功能显著改善,肺动脉收缩压由术前(47.3±23.9)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)降至(28.1±12.3)mm Hg,肺动脉平均压由(31.7±17.4)mm Hg降至(17.9±8.8)mm Hg(均P<0.01).结论 中老年PDA患者肺动脉高压发生率高,心功能差,经导管封堵中老年PDA是一种安全有效的方法 .     

高海拔地区老年患者房间隔缺损的介入治疗

目的探讨高原地区经导管介入封堵治疗老年患者房间隔缺损(ASD)的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析经导管封堵治疗的51例老年ASD患者的临床和介入治疗资料。结果全组治疗成功率90.2%,经胸超声心动图(TTE)测量ASD平均大小为(24.3±5.8)mm,封堵器平均大小为(28.2±8.6)mm,均采用国产封堵器。术后3个月平均肺动脉收缩压较术前下降明显(P<0.05),右心房、右心室内径较术前减小。微少量残余分流3例,3个月后复查分流消失。并发症发生率11.8%,无死亡。随访6⁴2个月,封堵器无移位,心功能改善。结论高原地区老年ASD患者有缺损大,肺动脉高压程度严重,并发症多的特点。严格掌握适应证,规范操作,积极治疗并发症,是成功封堵的关键。     

介入治疗成人动脉导管未闭合并重度肺动脉高压的疗效评价

目的评价成人动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并重度肺动脉高压患者的介入治疗可行性和近中期疗效。方法入选我院2002年1月至2010年11月施行介入封堵治疗的成人PDA合并重度肺动脉高压患者共23例(其中男性4例、女性19例),年龄19～44(28.1±8.4)岁。行介入封堵术前常规行右心导管检查,测量肺动脉压力,应用国产PDA封堵伞行封堵治疗,术后采用经胸超声心动图随访。结果 (1)对23例合并重度肺动脉高压的成年PDA患者进行试封堵,其中22例封堵成功,释放封堵伞;1例未能完成封堵,收回封堵伞。(2)在22例成功封堵患者中,封堵后肺动脉收缩压(SPAP)较封堵前明显降低:封堵前SPAP为(95.27±23.28)mm Hg,封堵后为(53.41±18.35)mm Hg(P<0.05);封堵后平均肺动脉压(MPAP)较封堵前亦明显降低:封堵前MPAP为(72.05±15.62)mm Hg,封堵后降至(37.9±13.93)mm Hg(P<0.05)。(3)4例患者术后1天复查超声心动图提示少许残余分流,其中1例随访至术后1个月无残余分流,1例随访至3个月无残余分流,1例随访至3个月仍有少量残余分流(6～12个月未回院复查),1例随访至1年仍有少量残余分流,但均无血流动力学意义,均无溶血发生。(4)封堵成功的患者随访1～52个月,平均为9个月,随访时复查超声心动图。与术前相比,左心房室不同程度缩小,封堵前左心房前后径(LAD)为(44.58±10.62)mm,随访1个月、3个月、6个月及1年后LAD分别为(38.00±8.45)mm、(35.13±9.16)mm、(37.35±10.73)mm、(32.4±6.43)mm(P<0.05);封堵前左心室舒张末期内径(LVD)为(65.00±13.34)mm,随访1个月、3个月、6个月及1年后LVD分别为(57.05±10.49)mm、(54.44±9.73)mm、(53.14±14.38)mm、(47.8±8.38)mm(P<0.05);封堵前肺动脉内径(PA)为(41.95±9.00)mm,随访6个月时PA为(31.07±9.00)mm(P<0.05)。(5)1例放弃封堵者,临床可见轻度紫绀,动脉血气分析(未吸氧情况下)氧分压77.9 mmHg,血氧饱和度96.1%,术前超声心动图提示为右房室增大,左心房室小,封堵前、后肺动脉压分别为158/86(103)、148/74(93)mm Hg;主动脉压分别为128/85(97)、63/25(33)mm Hg,试封堵时患者出现一过性心动过缓,神志模糊,回收封堵伞后主动脉压力上升,心率、神志恢复,重复试封堵仍有上述表现,遂放弃封堵。结论经导管介入封堵术可安全、有效地治疗大部分合并重度肺动脉高压的成人PDA,近中期疗效好。     

老年房间隔缺损患者经导管封堵治疗的可行性及疗效

目的　探讨经导管封堵治疗老年房间隔缺损患者的可行性及疗效。方法　 19例年龄≥ 6 0岁的老年房间隔缺损患者 ,术前经胸超声测量房间隔缺损直径为 10～ 34(2 4 .4± 8.2 )mm ,其中 3例患者为双孔型房间隔缺损。 11例患者合并心房颤动或阵发性心房颤动。X线胸片示心胸比例均 >0 .5 (0 .5 2～ 0 .70 )。术前心功能 (NYHA分级 )Ⅱ级8例 ,Ⅲ级 9例 ,Ⅳ级 2例。所有患者均在局麻下 ,应用X线透视和经胸心脏超声引导行房间隔缺损封堵术。结果术中测肺动脉平均压力 2 1～ 4 7mmHg(1mmHg=0 .133kPa) ,其中肺动脉平均压力 >2 5mmHg者 16例。所有患者均用Amplatzer房间隔缺损封堵器或国产双盘状封堵器一次封堵治疗成功。所用封堵器直径为 14～ 38mm。 3例双孔型缺损 ,2例用 2 8mm和 32mm封堵器一并封堵 ,另 1例用直径 14mm和直径 2 6mm的封堵器封堵成功。所有患者于术后 5～ 7d行经胸心脏超声检查 ,无残余分流。术后患者心功能明显改善 ,随访 1～ 30个月 ,无封堵器相关的并发症。结论　经导管封堵治疗老年房间隔缺损患者是一种安全有效的方法。     

介入治疗成人动脉导管未闭合并重度肺动脉高压的疗效评价

目的评价成人动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并重度肺动脉高压患者的介入治疗可行性和近中期疗效。方法入选我院2002年1月至2010年11月施行介入封堵治疗的成人PDA合并重度肺动脉高压患者共23例(其中男性4例、女性19例),年龄19～44(28.1±8.4)岁。行介入封堵术前常规行右心导管检查,测量肺动脉压力,应用国产PDA封堵伞行封堵治疗,术后采用经胸超声心动图随访。结果 (1)对23例合并重度肺动脉高压的成年PDA患者进行试封堵,其中22例封堵成功,释放封堵伞;1例未能完成封堵,收回封堵伞。(2)在22例成功封堵患者中,封堵后肺动脉收缩压(SPAP)较封堵前明显降低:封堵前SPAP为(95.27±23.28)mm Hg,封堵后为(53.41±18.35)mm Hg(P<0.05);封堵后平均肺动脉压(MPAP)较封堵前亦明显降低:封堵前MPAP为(72.05±15.62)mm Hg,封堵后降至(37.9±13.93)mm Hg(P<0.05)。(3)4例患者术后1天复查超声心动图提示少许残余分流,其中1例随访至术后1个月无残余分流,1例随访至3个月无残余分流,1例随访至3个月仍有少量残余分流(6～12个月未回院复查),1例随访至1年仍有少量残余分流,但均无血流动力学意义,均无溶血发生。(4)封堵成功的患者随访1～52个月,平均为9个月,随访时复查超声心动图。与术前相比,左心房室不同程度缩小,封堵前左心房前后径(LAD)为(44.58±10.62)mm,随访1个月、3个月、6个月及1年后LAD分别为(38.00±8.45)mm、(35.13±9.16)mm、(37.35±10.73)mm、(32.4±6.43)mm(P<0.05);封堵前左心室舒张末期内径(LVD)为(65.00±13.34)mm,随访1个月、3个月、6个月及1年后LVD分别为(57.05±10.49)mm、(54.44±9.73)mm、(53.14±14.38)mm、(47.8±8.38)mm(P<0.05);封堵前肺动脉内径(PA)为(41.95±9.00)mm,随访6个月时PA为(31.07±9.00)mm(P<0.05)。(5)1例放弃封堵者,临床可见轻度紫绀,动脉血气分析(未吸氧情况下)氧分压77.9 mmHg,血氧饱和度96.1%,术前超声心动图提示为右房室增大,?     

介入封堵术在老年继发孔型房间隔缺损患者中的临床应用

目的观察老年继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)患者进行介入封堵术的中、远期疗效和安全性。方法老年继发孔型ASD患者206例,缺损8～38(26.5±8.1)mm。封堵术前、术后行右心导管检测肺动脉压、右心室压,随访6个月,评价心功能(NYHA)改善情况。结果成功封堵203例,成功率98.5%。封堵器直径12～42(31.5±7.3)mm。与封堵术前比较,患者封堵术后肺动脉收缩压、右心室平均压明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);3～6个月随访时,患者右心室容积缩小、LVEF升高、心功能改善明显。术后心包积液1例(0.5%);即刻残余分流10例(4.9%);术后出现心律失常30例(14.8%)、出现急性心功能不全16例(7.9%)。6个月随访,患者均未发现有残余分流、脱落、栓塞。结论老年继发孔型ASD患者行介入封堵治疗中、远期相对安全、有效。     

介入封堵房间隔术对患者心率的影响

目的:探讨介入封堵房间隔缺损术对患者心率的影响。方法:选择我院经皮介入封堵房间隔缺损的63例患者,比较手术前后心率的变化,并分析心率与年龄、封堵伞大小以及术前肺动脉压力的相关性。结果:经皮介入封堵房间隔缺损术后心率较术前显著降低[(64.87±10.65)次/min比(75.22±8.23)次/min,P=0.001];Pearson相关分析显示,术后心率变化与年龄、应用封堵伞大小、肺动脉收缩压无关(r=0.017～0.182,P均0.05)。但术前出现肺动脉收缩压升高(≥25mmHg)的患者术后心率下降幅度显著大于术前未出现肺动脉高压患者[(11.35±10.73)次/min比(2.28±9.81)次/min,P=0.038]。结论:经皮介入封堵房间隔缺损术后患者心率会出现下降,术前出现肺动脉高压可作为术后心率下降的风险预测指标。     

婴幼儿继发孔型房间隔缺损介入治疗的可行性及长期疗效

目的总结经导管介入治疗婴幼儿先天性继发孔型房间隔缺损的可行性及长期疗效。方法研究海南省人民医院心内科2000年5月至2013年12月间经导管介入治疗的159例婴幼儿继发孔型房间隔缺损的临床资料。所有患儿术前均经临床体检、X线胸片、心电图、经胸超声心动图确诊为继发孔型房间隔缺损。经胸超声心动图测量房间隔缺损最大径、右心室舒张末期内径(RVDD)、右心房横径(RALD)及估测肺动脉收缩压,根据经胸超声心动图观察和测量房间隔缺损最大径结果选择适当的封堵器。结果入选159例患儿,其中中央型房间隔缺损143例,近上腔型房间隔缺损5例,近下腔型房间隔缺损11例。入选患儿中房间隔缺损合并其他畸形17例,房间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压15例。159例患儿中156例成功封堵(成功率98.1%),未成功的3例均为缺损下腔静脉缘残端不足(小于5 mm)。患儿房间隔缺损最大径(10.2±2.5)mm,封堵器直径(11.7±3.6)mm,输送鞘8.5(7~10)F。导管操作时间(15.6±2.2)min。随访时间为(7.4±2.1)年,时间范围为1个月~13年,随访期间患者无封堵器脱落或移位,也无栓塞及心内膜炎等并发症的发生。随访过程中,4例患儿术后即刻出现一过性窦性心动过缓,1例患儿在术后第2天出现二度1型房室传导阻滞,予地塞米松治疗7 d后恢复窦性心律;2例患儿分别在术后的第1年和第5年发现一度房室传导阻滞,在分别随访2年和4年中未发现进行性加重。术后第1天复查超声心动图发现3例新发的三尖瓣轻度反流和7例少量残余分流(宽约1~2 mm),发现三尖瓣轻度反流患儿在分别随访的1年,3.5年及10年中未发现反流加重及右心扩大,发现残余分流患儿有2例在1个月后恢复,4例在3个月后恢复,1例在1.5年后恢复。15例合并肺动脉高压患儿术后1个月肺动脉收缩压下降[(53±11.2)mm Hg vs.(32±4.8)mm Hg,P<0.01;1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa],右心负荷降低(右心室舒张末期内径:(13.7±4.3)mm vs.(11.5±3.2)mm,P<0.01;右心房横径:(31.5±5.3)mm vs.(28.6±5.6)mm,P<0.01)。结论经导管介入治疗婴幼儿继发孔型房间隔缺损是一项安全、可行的技术,长期疗效良好。     

房间隔缺损合并肺动脉瓣狭窄介入治疗的临床评价

目的:探讨房间隔缺损(ASD)合并肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)行介入治疗的临床安全性及其疗效。方法:31例患者,年龄2.5~67(中位年龄31)岁;24例经胸超声心动图(TTE)诊断为ASD合并PS,房间隔缺损最大直径为7~27(16.0±4.8)mm,7例超声心动图术前漏诊ASD,肺动脉瓣狭窄压差35~120(89.8±22.9)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133k Pa),所有患者术前行右心室造影检查。先行经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV),而后置入房间隔缺损封堵器闭合缺损,选择的封堵器直径为12.0~38.0(22.6±5.9)mm。结果:本组28例行PBPV术及ASD介入封堵治疗28均获得成功;其中3例封堵器脱落入主动脉,介入方法取出后,再置入较大封堵器封堵成功,PBPV术后即刻右室收缩压由术前(89.8±22.9)mmHg下降至(39.8±11.3)mm Hg,肺动脉右心室跨瓣压差由术前mm Hg降至(14.8±8.9)mm Hg(P<0.001)。右心室舒张末压由术前(9.9±0.28)mm Hg降至(5.07±0.57)mm Hg(P<0.005),PBPV术后即刻跨瓣压差下降达优良为100%。术后超声心动图随访于术后即刻、1、3及6个月,疗效满意,房间隔未见残余分流。结论:同期介入治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄合并房间隔缺损安全可行,效果良好,但由于合并PS患者,超声心动图术前常常低估或漏诊ASD,因此,需先行肺动脉瓣球囊扩张术后,超声心动图重新复核ASD大小,再行ASD封堵术,必要时分期手术。     

The short- and medium-term results of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension

We investigated the short-term and medium-term results in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) undergoing transcatheter closure. Fifteen patients with severe PAH associated with ASD who underwent successful occluder implantation from 2007 to 2010 were included. Clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic data were reviewed. Severe PAH was defined as pulmonary arterial systolic pressure measured by catheterization was ≥60 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥6 Wood Units (WU). Compared with baseline, the 6-minwalking distance significantly increased by 29.7 ± 26.3 m (P < 0.001) at 3 months (short-term) and 65.4 ± 63.6 m (P < 0.001) at 23.4 ± 9.7 months (medium-term), World Health Organization function class considerably improved after postclosure short-term and medium-term. Repeat cardiac catheterization (n = 7) showed that mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from 51.6 ± 9.4 mmHg at baseline to 21.0 ± 3.8 mmHg (P < 0.001) at follow-up of 12 months. The PVR decreased by 5.6 ± 1.1 WU (P < 0.001). Through carefully selected patients with severe PAH associated with ASD, transcatheter closure can be safely performed with a promising short-term and medium-term outcome. Trial occlusion is an effective way for deciding the reversibility of severe PAH in ASD patients. The role of aerosolized iloprost for pulmonary vasoreactivity testing in patients with severe PAH secondary to ASD requires further investigation.     

经导管封堵心脏人工瓣膜置换术后周围漏

目的 探讨经导管堵闭器封堵外科瓣膜置换术后人工瓣膜周围漏(PVL)的可行性、有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析外科瓣膜置换术后诊断为PVL的5例患者,其中主动脉瓣机械瓣置换术后PVL 2例,二尖瓣生物瓣置换术后PVL 2例,主动脉瓣和二尖瓣机械瓣置换术后二尖瓣PVL1例.封堵前后检查超声心动图以评价疗效.结果 患者均采用国产封堵器进行堵闭.2例主动脉瓣PVL封堵术后无残余;3例二尖瓣PVL堵闭术后残存微量至少量反流.其中1例主动脉瓣PVL患者介入术中出现心脏穿孔、心包填塞,经穿刺引流后痊愈.3例二尖瓣PVL患者出现术后早期溶血,于术后1～3周恢复.与术前比较,3个月随访期间左心室舒张末期内径减小[(52.2±6.8)mm比(61.1±7.2)mm,P＜0.05],肺动脉收缩压下降[(40.0±5.4)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比(57.0±3.6)mm Hg,P＜0.05],二尖瓣PVL患者左心房内径减小[(49.0±4.3)mm比(56.0±6.3)mm,P＜0.05].结论 经导管封堵人工瓣置换术后PVL可行而且安全、有效,在具备适应证患者中可作为治疗选择.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of transcatheter closure of paravalvular leak (PVL) with Chinese-made occlder. Methods Five PVL patients were involved in this study, 2 out of the 5 patients underwent aortic mechanical valve replacements, 2 underwent mitral bioprosthetic valve replacements, and the remaining 1 underwent double mechanical valve replacement. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter and the systolic pulmonary artery pressure were assessed by echocardiography before and post the procedure. Results Complete occlusion without residual regurgitation was achieved in 2 patients with aortic PVL, for the 3 patients with mitral PVL, there was only tiny or mild mitral paraprosthetic leak remained post closure procedure. Cardiac perforation and pericardium tampenade occurred in 1 patient with aortic PVL during interventional closure and the patient recovered post emergent pericardiocentesis. Transient severe hemolysis and hemoglobinuria occurred in 3 patients with mitral PVL post closure procedure and they recovered after 1 to 3 weeks concervative therapy. During 3 months follow up, left ventricular end diastolic diameter [( 52. 2 ± 6. 8 ) mm vs. ( 61.1 ± 7.2 ) mm, P ＜0. 05], the systolic pulmonary artery pressure [(40. 0 ±5.4) mm Hg( 1 mm Hg =0. 133 kPa) vs. (57. 0 ±3.6) mm Hg, P ＜ 0. 05] and left atrial diameter of mitral PVL patient [( 49. 0 ± 4. 3 ) mm vs. ( 56. 0 ±6. 3) mm, P ＜ 0. 05] were significantly reduced compared to before closure procedure. Conclusion Percutaneous or transapical left ventricular access closure of PVL is feasible, effective and relative safe in selected patients.     

60岁以上老年继发孔型房间隔缺损的治疗策略(附139例临床分析)

目的:介绍老年继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)的几种治疗方法,并分析其治疗效果。方法:自2002年1月至2009年6月,我院收治的139例60岁以上的老年继发孔型ASD病例。其中43例行经导管房缺封堵术;21例行微创经胸房缺封堵术;55例行体外循环下房缺修补术;20例因各种原因未行手术,给予药物保守治疗。结果:导管封堵组、经胸封堵组、和手术修补组患者均无死亡。术后远期随访导管封堵组,1例术后第4年死于脑出血。其余2组术后远期随访无死亡。房缺闭合术后心功能较术前明显改善,术后早期复查超声心动图均无残余分流,右心房、右心室明显缩小,肺动脉压力明显降低。保守治疗组,随访病例共有8例死亡。其中4例死于心力衰竭(心衰),1例死于心衰合并尿毒症,1例死于脑出血,1例死于呼吸衰竭,1例死因不详。结论:高龄本身并非老年房间隔缺损手术禁忌,老年患者通过封堵器或手术闭合房缺仍可以重构右心房、右心室,降低肺动脉压,显著改善心功能。3种闭合方法各有优缺点,应根据具体情况选择手术方式。     

中老年房间隔缺损患者介入治疗前心脏CT检查的价值

目的 评估心脏CT在筛查拟行房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术中老年患者合并的心血管病变及指导封堵器选择方面的价值。方法 对63例拟行ASD封堵术的50 ～ 77( 56.87±5.79)岁患者行冠状动脉CT造影检查,了解心血管病变情况。随后行ASD三维重建,并测量ASD大小。分析经胸超声心动图与CT的ASD直径测量值之间以及ASD直径的CT测量值与ASD封堵器腰部直径之间的关系。结果 14例患者依据心脏CT检查结果调整了治疗方案：8例患者诊断为ASD合并冠心病,均行常规冠心病治疗,其中2例患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗和ASD封堵术,1例患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术和ASD封堵术,5例患者行药物治疗和ASD封堵术;2例患者因ASD后下缘残端不完整,而放弃介入治疗;1例患者超声心动图示ASD后下缘残端不完整,而CT显示缺损边缘尚可,行ASD封堵术;除外ASD 1例;合并部分型肺静异位引流(PAPVC)1例,行外科修补术;合并动脉导管未闭1例,行动脉导管未闭和ASD封堵术。经胸超声心动图与CT的ASD直径测量值之间呈正相关(r=0.80,P＜0.01),其线性回归方程为Y=0.84X +8.85(R2=0.63,P＜0.05)。ASD直径的CT测量值与ASD封堵器腰部直径之间呈正相关(r=0.92,P＜0.01),其线性回归方程为y=0.93X +4.78(R2=0.84,P＜0.05)。结论 对于拟行ASD封堵术的中老年患者,术前心脏CT检查可有效诊断合并的冠心病及其他心血管畸形,并能指导封堵器的选择。     

房间隔缺损介入治疗封堵器的选择对心脏重构的影响

目的 探讨经导管介入封堵术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)的封堵器选择对其疗效及心脏形态学重构的影响.方法 入选146例ASD患者,年龄13.5～70.0(33.5±12.4)岁.其中73例(A组)根据椭圆周长数学公式计算缺损直径选择封堵器型号,另外73例(B组)根据超声心动图测量长径选择封堵器型号.应用经胸超声心动图分别测量ASD患者经导管封堵治疗术前、术后3 d、3个月和6个月的左心房收缩末期横径(LALD)、右心房横径(RALD)、RALD/LALD比值、右心室舒张末期内径(RVDD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDD)、RVDD/LVDD比值及肺动脉内径.结果 A组缺损内径为(20.16±4.98)mm,B组为(21.36±5.69)mm,差异无统计学意义.封堵器直径A组小于B组[(21.95±6.78)mm比(25.85±6.75)mm,P<0.05].142例封堵术成功,两组成功率差异无统计学意义,无主要手术相关并发症发生.随访6个月无残余分流发生.两组患者随访期间RALD、RVDD、RALD/LALD和RVDD/LVDD比值明显下降,肺动脉内径逐渐缩小,LALD、LVDD逐渐增大.A组改善心房重构程度明显大于B组(P<0.05).结论 椭圆形周长公式在非圆形ASD封堵器选择中具有重要应用价值;封堵器大小对心脏重构有明显影响.     

室间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭合并中重度肺动脉高压的分期复合治疗

目的 评价经导管介入封堵加择期外科手术的分期复合治疗应用于室间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭合并中重度肺动脉高压患者的安全性及有效性.方法 自2004年7月至2009年7月,对22例室间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭合并中重度肺动脉高压患者进行了先经导管介入封堵动脉导管未闭,随后择期行开胸室间隔缺损修补术的分期复合治疗.术后进行随访,观察心律改变、残余分流、封堵器形态、有无瓣膜反流及主动脉狭窄等情况,测量肺动脉压变化,评价治疗效果.结果 经导管介入封堵治疗后,患者肺动脉收缩压由(76.2±25.8)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)降至(55.4±20.6)mm Hg(P=0.005),肺动脉平均压由(53.5±23.5)mm Hg降至(36.2±17.8)mm Hg(P=0.049),全肺动脉阻力由(8.2±4.9)wood单位降至(6.9±4.3)wood单位(P=0.037),肺循环血流量与体循环血流量的比值(Qp/Qs)由2.8±2.3升至3.4±1.7(P=0.045).外科手术后,肺动脉收缩压由(64.5±22.3)mm Hg降至(43.1±18.9)mm Hg(P=0.001),肺动脉平均压由(40.2±18.7)mm Hg降至(29.5±15.8)mm Hg(P=0.040).随访中所有患者均未出现右心衰竭和死亡.结论 室间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭合并中重度肺动脉高压的经导管介入封堵加择期外科手术的分期复合治疗安全、有效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of staged hybrid approach in treating ventricular septal defect (VSD) patients combined with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Methods From July 2004 to July 2009, 22 VSD patients with PDA and PAH were enrolled and received staged hybrid approach treatment( transcatheter PDA occlusion and elective open surgery for VSD several lays after PDA occlusion). All patients were followed up to examine rhythm change,residual shunt, shape of occlude, possible valve regurgitation, and aortic stenosis by echocardiography. Results After transcatheter PDA occlusion, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure decreased from (76. 2 ± 25. 8 ) mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg = 0. 133 kPa) to ( 55.4 ± 20. 6 ) mm Hg ( P = 0. 005 ),mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from ( 53.5 ± 23.5 ) mm Hg to ( 36. 2 ± 17. 8 ) mm Hg ( P=0. 049), total pulmonary resistance decreased from (8. 2 ±4.9)wood units to (6.9 ±4. 3)wood units (P =0. 037), and pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) increased from 2. 8 ± 2. 3 to 3.4 ± 1.7 ( P = 0. 045 )post transcatheter interventional PDA occlusion. After VSD repair, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure decreased from (64. 5 ± 22. 3 ) mm Hg to (43. 1 ± 18. 9) mm Hg ( P = 0. 001 ) and mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from (40. 2 ± 18. 7 ) mm Hg to (29. 5 ± 15. 8) mm Hg ( P = 0. 040). There was no death or right heart failure during the follow-up. Conclusion Staged hybrid approach is an effective and safe strategy for treating VSD patients with PDA and PAH.     

双向格林术后心血管造影特征分析

目的 分析双向格林术后并发症及心血管造影特征,为临床治疗提供依据.方法 38例先天性心脏病双向格林术后患者(男性24例,女性14例)接受心血管造影检查.年龄(7.8±5.6)岁,双向格林术至造影间隔时间为(4.1±1.9)年.所有患者均行上腔静脉及肺动脉造影,并测量肺动脉-上腔静脉连续压力.结果 38例患者肺动脉平均压力为(14.8±4.5)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133kPa),上腔静脉平均压力为(15.4±5.4)mm Hg;肺动脉到上腔静脉连续测压均无压力阶差.其中9例出现肺动脉压力升高,年龄为(6.6±4.7)岁,其上腔静脉平均压力为(22.9±5.1)mm Hg,肺动脉平均压力为(21.5±2.9)mm Hg.心血管造影提示14例患者[年龄(7.9±4.6)岁]出现静脉侧支血管,其中2例成功行经导管封堵术.侧支血管组上腔静脉压力[(17.8±7.2)mmHg比(14±3.6)mm Hg,P＜0.05]及肺动脉压力[(16.7±5.7)mm Hg比(13.7±3.4)mm Hg,P＜0.05]均高于无侧支血管组(n=24).14例静脉侧支血管分布:后纵隔侧支12例,其中合并前纵隔侧支3例,合并中纵隔侧支1例;单独中纵隔侧支血管2例.2例患者肺动静脉瘘形成,其中单发囊状瘘和多发动静脉瘘各1例.2例患者存在体肺动脉侧支血管,均成功行经导管栓塞术.结论 双向格林术可引起多种并发症,心血管造影检查能够早期发现并指导治疗.     

Left ventricular conditioning in the elderly patient to prevent congestive heart failure after transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect.

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) is a safe and effective treatment. Over the past years, an increasing number of elderly patients (age > 60 years) have been admitted for transcatheter closure to prevent ongoing congestive heart failure from volume overload. However, recent data point to the risk of serious acute left ventricular dysfunction leading to pulmonary edema immediately after surgical or transcatheter ASD closure in some patients. In this study, we used a technique described before to recognize in advance patients at risk of left heart failure after ASD closure. Those patients at risk were then treated with preventive conditioning medication for 48-72 hr before definitive transcatheter ASD closure was performed. Fifty-nine patients aged over 60 years (range, 60-81.8 years; median, 68 years) were admitted to our institution for transcatheter closure of an atrial septal defect. All patients received evaluation of atrial pressures before and during temporary balloon occlusion of the ASD. Patients with left ventricular restriction due to increased mean atrial pressures (> 10 mm Hg) during ASD occlusion received anticongestive conditioning medication with i.v. dopamine, milrinone, and furosemide for 48-72 hr before definitive ASD closure with an Amplatzer septal occluder was performed. In 44 patients without any signs of left ventricular restriction, ASD closure was performed within the first session. Fifteen (25%) out of 59 patients showed left ventricular restriction. In the majority of patients with LV restriction, the mean left atrial pressures with occluded ASD were significantly decreased after 48-72 hr of conditioning medication. Definitive ASD closure was then performed in a second session. Only two patients received a fenestrated 32 mm Amplatzer occluder due to persistent increased atrial pressures > 10 mm Hg even after conditioning medication. There were no significant differences in shunt, device size, or defect size between the two groups. Balloon occlusion of atrial septal defects identifies patients with left ventricular restrictive physiology before ASD closure. Intravenous anticongestive conditioning medication seems to be highly effective in preventing congestive heart failure after interventional closure of an ASD in the elderly patient with a restrictive left ventricle.     

Transcatheter occlusion of complex atrial septal defects.

Percutaneous device occlusion of secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) is becoming an accepted alternative to surgical closure. This method allows us to evaluate patients with complex conditions for treatment. From a total of 70 patients with ASD evaluated for percutaneous closure, we selected for analysis 28 who had complex conditions. The mean age was 36+/-23 yr (range, 4-72). Six had heart failure, and of these six, three had atrial fibrillation. At cardiac catheterization, the pulmonary pressure was 47+/-24 mm Hg, and the QP/QS was 1.7+/-0.4; two patients had bidirectional shunt and systemic pulmonary pressure. Two patients received a buttoned device and 26 an Amplatzer septal occluder. The groups of patients with complex conditions were separated into the following groups. Group I (n = 4) underwent combined treatment of associated anomalies. Two patients had pulmonary stenosis, one had mitral stenosis, and one had an aortic root-left atrium fistula. They were treated in or during with the same procedure by combined transcatheter techniques (balloon valvuloplasty and fistula occlusion) before ASD occlusion. Group II (n = 9) had multiple defects (cribiform or two separate holes). They were treated with a single device in five instances and with two separate devices in four cases. Group III (n = 14) had large (32+/-3 mm) single defects. Nine of them underwent successful implantation using a device 33+/-3 mm in diameter; in the remaining five patients the device was removed because of instability. Group IV (n = 3) had residual defects after previous partial device occlusion. All three defects were successfully occluded with a second device. No movement or interference with the first device was observed. Group V (n = 6) had severe pulmonary hypertension (86+/-16 mm Hg). Immediately after ASD occlusion we observed significant relief in these patients (67+/-14 mm Hg; P<0.01). There were no major complications; all 23 patients with successful implants were discharged without symptoms 2-7 days later; one patient with atrial fibrillation recovered sinus rhythm. The follow-up (8+/-5 mo) Doppler echo study showed complete ASD occlusion in 22 patients and a peak pulmonary pressure of 30+/-14 mm Hg. We conclude that transcatheter occlusion of ASDs is an effective and safe treatment for patients with complex anatomic or physiopathologic conditions, as evaluated by short-term follow-up.