急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死PCI术后微冠状动脉再灌注的研究

目的 探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后ST 段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者T 波幅度值的改变对微冠状动脉再灌注的判断价值.方法 收集PCI 术前后106 例ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心电图,分析T 波幅度动态变化.结果 T波幅度改变和术后ST段恢复延迟有关,T波幅度值的动态变化能更早的反应微冠状动脉再灌注情况.结论 在PCI 术前后,倒置T波以及T波幅度的动态变化与早期微冠状动脉再灌注有关,是预测微冠状动脉再灌注的早期独立因子.     

应激性心肌病ST-T变化机制

心尖球囊综合征（Takotsubo syndrome,TTS）与急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS）患者的心电图中都可能出现ST段抬高或T波倒置（Wellens’pattern）及QTc延长。两者的区别是TTS从ST段抬高进展到T波倒置的时间短于ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）。此外,     

碎裂QRS波与急性心肌梗死血管再通的研究

目的通过观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急性血管再通及未行血管再通治疗的心电图碎裂QRS波(Fragmented QRS complex,fQ RS)变化,探讨fQ RS评估急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死血管再通的临床价值。方法观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊溶栓、行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention,PCI)血管再通患者、未行急诊血管再通治疗患者心电图fQ RS发生率。结果 STEMI溶栓后冠脉血管再通组fQ RS波发生率明显低于未通组(p0.01);STEMI行急诊PCI后fQ RS波发生率明显低于未行急诊PCI组(p0.01);STEMI行急诊PCI术前组与术后组fQ RS发生率比较无明显差异(p0.05)。结论碎裂QRS波对评估急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死冠脉血管再通具有重要临床价值。     

临床心电图ST段抬高的识别

<正>临床工作中,患者心电图检查往往可见ST段抬高,故对此现象应有全面、客观的认识和诠释,才能做到精准医疗。1定义ST段指自QRS波终末至T波开始之间的一段。J点指QRS波终末至ST段开始的一点。ST段的偏移往往是测量J点的偏移,并参考TP段与PR段。2急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)2.1心电图特征根据2012年ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF     

急性冠脉综合征三支病变患者心电图表现

目的研究急性冠脉综合征(ACS)三支病变患者心电图表现。方法241例冠状动脉(冠脉)造影明确的ACS分成非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)(n=173)与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)(n=68)两种群体,比较各群体中三支病变与非三支病变患者心电图指标。结果NSTEMI-ACS三支病变与左主干病变患者多表现为V₄~V₆、Ⅰ、Ⅱ导联ST段压低伴随aVR导联ST段抬高的心电图模式。与STEMI非三支病变患者相比,STEMI三支病变患者Ⅰ、aVL、V₆导联ST段抬高数占比较多,且多有aVR导联T波直立与低电压表现;冠脉造影提示STEMI三支病变患者右冠及左回旋支狭窄程度更重。结论NSTEMI-ACS三支病变与左主干病变患者具有相对特定的心电图表现,STEMI三支病变患者心肌梗死部位广泛,易合并侧壁心肌梗死。     

急性心肌梗死的再灌注治疗

急性心肌梗死(AMI)的主要发病机理是斑块破裂继发血栓形成导致血管急性闭塞所致.按照发病时心电图有否ST段抬高分为ST段抬高AMI(STEMI)和非ST段抬高AMI(NSTEMI).前者80%～90%而后者约20%最终演变为Q波性心肌梗死.AMI的再灌注治疗主要包括介入治疗和溶栓治疗这两部分内容,后者主要针对STEMI患者而言.     

术前血清cTnⅠ水平与心电图fQRS预测ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI术后ST段回落的价值

目的 探究术前血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)水平与心电图碎裂QRS(fQRS)波在预测ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后ST段回落的价值.方法 回顾性分析我院124例行PCI治疗的STEMI患者的临床资料,根据患者PCI术后60 min与术前相比ST段回落情况分为ST段回落≥50％组(回落...     

Tp-ec、Tp-e/QT对急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死恶性心电生理事件的预测价值

目的:观察急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者QT间期、Tp-ec(校正的T波的顶点到T波的终点的时间)和Tp-e/QT指标的变化及这些指标与恶性心电生理事件的相关性。方法:急性STEMI患者60例,测量并计算梗死相关和非梗死导联QT、QTc、Tp-ec、Tp-e/QT比值,记录1年内恶性心电生理事件。正常心电图60例作为对照。结果:①急性STEMI 12h内梗死和非梗死导联QTc明显延长(P<0.01),1周和1个月回复正常水平。梗死相关导联12h内Tp-ec间期比非梗死导联及对照组均明显延长(均P<0.01),1周和1个月逐渐回复正常。Tp-e/QT比值在梗死相关导联比其他导联明显增大(P<0.01),随之逐渐回复,但仍与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。②QTc 440ms作为截点电生理事件发生差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而分别以Tp-ec100ms和Tp-e/QT比值0.25作为截点恶性电生理事件发生差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在心肌梗死急性期Tp-ec,尤其是Tp-e/QT比值增加,与恶性电生理事件相关,是预测急性STEMI后恶性电生理事件的指标。     

De Winter心电图改变对急性前壁心肌梗死患者病情进展的影响

目的 分析de Winter心电图改变对急性前壁心肌梗死患者病情进展的影响。方法 选择2017年3月至2020年3月于铜陵市人民医院心内科收治的316例急性前壁心肌梗死患者,按照患者是否存在de Winter心电图改变将其分为研究组(n=13)与对照组(n=303)。比较两组患者一般资料、分析研究组心电图特征及心电图与病情进展的关系。结果 研究组患者年龄、左心室射血指数低于对照组,冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)家族史、三酰甘油、血清氯水平高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组所有患者为窦性心律,QRS波时限、PR间期、QTc间期、心率正常,症状发生后首次出现de Winter心电图平均时间为107 min。De Winter心电图改变发展为STEMI心电图占69.23%,de Winter心电图改变发展为STEMI心电图的平均时间113 min。13例de Winter心电图改变患者V_1导联正常,而V_2～V_6导联出现J点后ST段压低,伴正向高大对称的T波改变;V_3～V_5导联均存在ST压低,最压低为V_3导联;V_2～V_6导联均存在高大直立T波,V_3导联T波最高;还发现当患者出现de Winter心电图改变时,后壁、右室导联ST段、T波正常或ST段、T波轻度压低,倒置,且行治疗后ST段均回至基线;随病情发展,9例患者胸前导联可在短时间内由de Winter心电图改变发展为ST段抬高或病理性Q波、R波递增不良、T波倒置形成的急性前壁STEMI心电图,以V_1～V_4导联主表现;4例患者胸前导联de Winter心电图改变发展为R波递增不良。结论 De Winter心电图改变可发展为ST段抬高、形成病理Q波、R波不良递增,是出现早期急性STEMI的心肌缺血的表现。     

QRS波群形态对急性心肌梗死患者心功能和预后的影响

目的通过对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者入院时心电图QRS波群变化进行缺血分级,探讨缺血分级的临床意义。方法 223例STEMI患者根据入院时心电图QRS波群变化进行缺血分级:2级缺血组(134例):ST段抬高但QRS波终末部无改变;3级缺血组(89例):除ST段抬高外,QRS波终末部扭曲且常伴R波增高与S波消失。两组患者在发病12h内均行溶栓治疗,观察心电图ST段变化;梗死后2w行99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI)心肌灌注断层显像(SPECT)和99m锝-红细胞(99mTc-RBC)心血池显像,测定心肌梗死面积和心功能;统计2组患者住院期间并发症的发生率。结果入院时和溶栓后2h,3级缺血组ST段抬高的幅度(∑ST)均显著大于2级缺血组(P0.01),溶栓后2h,ST段回降率显著低于2级缺血组(P0.01);3级缺血组肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值显著高于2级缺血组(P0.01),心肌梗死面积大于2级缺血组(P0.05),左室射血分数低于2级缺血组(P0.05);两组患者严重心律失常、心力衰竭或心源性休克、再梗死的发生率和住院病死率均无显著性差异,但3级缺血组有高于2级缺血组的趋势。结论入院时心电图呈3级缺血的急性STEMI患者溶栓后易于出现ST段回降不良,导致心肌梗死面积大,心功能和预后差,需要采取更加积极的治疗措施。     

尖端扭转型室性心动过速与TP—TE时间及Q—T间期比值关系的研究

目的探讨长Q—T间期患者T波峰末时间（TP-TE时间）、TP-TE／Q—T与尖端扭转型室性心动过速（TdP）发生的相关性。方法选择长Q—T间期患者29例,将其分为伴TdP组（发作期或稳定期）和不伴TdP组两组,通过常规心电图和动态心电图分析测量并比较Q—T间期、校正的Q—T间期（Q—Tc间期）、TP-TE时间和TP-TE／Q—Tc结果伴TdP组稳定期患者TP-TE时间、TP—TE／Q—T（14157±37．33ms、0．27±0．05）和发作期（154．29±42ms、0．29±0．06）均较不伴TdP组（97．60±5．51ms、0．19±0．13）延长或增大。差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;在预测TdP发生风险时,伴TdP组稳定期和发作期TP-TE时间、TP-TE／Q—T均较Q—T间期更敏感（Wald值分别为1247、15．77和5．77、6．23）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论TP-TE时间TP-TE／Q—T比值有助于预测长Q—T间期患者发生TdP的风险。     

Assessment of Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with human immunodeficiency virus

ObjectiveSudden cardiac death (SCD) plays an important part in all-cause mortality in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The T-peak to T-end (Tp-e) interval, corrected Tp-e (Tp-ec) interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio on the ECG are parameters used to stratify risk for SCD. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences between HIV-infected patients and healthy individuals in terms of Tp-e interval, Tp-ec interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio, as well as other influencing factors.MethodsNinety-eight HIV-infected patients and 62 healthy controls were included in this prospective case-control study. Tp-e interval, Tp-ec interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio were measured in all participants. Echocardiographic examination and routine laboratory analysis were performed. In addition, CD4 T-cell count and HIV RNA levels were assessed in HIV-infected patients.ResultsAll baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. The median survival of those living with HIV was 20.63 months; 53% of them had controlled viral load, and 74% were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Mean baseline CD4 T-cell count was 409. In HIV-infected patients, the Tp-e interval and Tp-ec interval were prolonged, and the Tp-e/QT ratio was higher (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.021, respectively). In bivariate and partial correlation analyses, there was a negative correlation between CD4 T-cell level and Tp-e interval, Tp-ec interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio.ConclusionTp-e interval, Tp-ec interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio were greater in HIV-infected patients compared with healthy individuals. HIV-infected patients, particularly those with low baseline CD4 T-cell counts, should be closely monitored due to risk of SCD.     

ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死合并J波的临床特征分析

目的分析ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死合并J波的临床特征。方法对近年住院治疗的470例sT段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者进行回顾性研究,观察J波的形态、出现和消失的时间及最明显的部位,同时统计QT离散度、Tp-e、Tp—e／QT、心律失常以及住院期间病死率等。结果根据诊断标准确定92例ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者合并J波,发现J波形态多变,J波出现的时间为发病后（3．9±2．6）h,消失的时间为（26．5±17．9）h。与不伴J波的ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者相比,合并J波的患者QTd、Tp—e和Tp—e／QT明显增大（P〈0．05）;合并J波的急性心肌梗死患者室性心律失常的发生率明显升高（P〈0．05）,合并J波的急性心肌梗死患者住院病死率明显高于不伴J波的急性心肌梗死患者（P〈0．05）。ST段抬高型急性下壁和／或右心室心肌梗死的J波发生率明显高于前壁心肌梗死（P〈0．05）。结论ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死合并J波多累及下壁或右心室,该类患者的QTd、Tp—e和Tp—e／QT增大,易发生室性心律失常,病死率高。     

Effects of azithromycin on ventricular repolarization in children with COVID-19

IntroductionAzithromycin is used to treat pediatric COVID-19 patients. It can also prolong the QT interval in adults. This study assessed the effects of azithromycin on ventricular repolarization in children with COVID-19.MethodThe study prospectively enrolled children with COVID-19 who received azithromycin between July and August 2020. An electrocardiogram was performed before, one, three, and five days post-treatment. Using ImageJ®, the following parameters were measured: QT max, QT min, Tp-e max, and Tp-e min. The parameters QTc max, QTc min, Tp-ec max, Tp-ec min, QTcd, Tp-ecd, and the QTc/Tp-ec ratio were calculated using Bazett's formula.ResultsThe study included 105 pediatric patients (mean age 9.8±5.3 years). The pretreatment heart rate was higher than after treatment (before 92 [79–108]/min vs. Day 1 82 [69–108)]/min vs. Day 3 80 [68–92.2]/min vs. Day 5 81 [70–92]/min; p=0.05).ConclusionAzithromycin does not affect the ventricular repolarization parameters on ECG in pediatric COVID-19 cases.     

慢性心力衰竭患者Tp-e/QT比值变化及其临床意义

<正>近年来,国内外研究证实心脏室壁心肌具有电异质性,心室肌跨壁复极离散度产生的一个正常存在的电生理现象,并且发现异常增大的跨壁复极离散度是多种室性心律失常(室性心动过速、心室颤动、心源性猝死)发生的主要基质,也是预测室性心律失常的重要指标[1]。T波峰-末间期(Tp-e)已证实可作为反映心室跨壁复极离散度的量化指标[2]。慢性心力衰竭     

不同部位左心室内膜与外膜起搏对心力衰竭心脏的电生理作用差异

目的 评估左心室不同部位心内膜与外膜起搏对心力衰竭（心衰）犬心脏的电激动同步性以及复极离散度的影响及其差异.方法 12只比格犬,体重（12.5±1.7）kg.使用随机数字法平均分为2组（正常组和心衰组）.利用右心室心尖部快速起搏制作慢性心衰模型.左心室放置64极篮状电极导线进行电生理标测.通过左心室不同部位起搏（心底部心内膜与心外膜,心尖部心内膜与心外膜）记录并测量体表12导联心电图的QT间期、T波峰点与T波下降支最大斜率处切线与等电位线交点（Tp-e）间期,同时测定左心室心内膜整体激动时间以及各篮状电极记录的激动恢复间期及其复极离散度.结果 基础状态下,与正常心脏相比,心衰组QT间期、T波顶点与T波终点之间的时限Tp-e间期以及激动恢复间期均延长（P＜0.05）.心衰组中,与左心室心内膜起搏相比,相同部位的心外膜起搏时的QT和Tp-e间期均显著延长[QT：心底部（270±13）ms对（255±15）ms,（P＜0.01）;心尖部（275±12）ms对（257±11）ms,（P＜0.01）;Tp-e：心底部（50.2±8.3） ms对（42.7±4.5） ms,（P＜0.01）;心尖部,（52.9±10.1）ms对（45.6±9.3）ms,（P＜0.01）].心室激动恢复间期离散度无论在左心室心内膜还是在心外膜,近心底部起搏时较近心尖部起搏时显著减小.[心内膜起搏（4.1±0.5） ms对（5.8±0.7）ms,（P＜0.05）;心外膜起搏（4.7±0.6） ms对（6.2±0.9） ms,（P＜0.05）].在心衰心脏,左心室心外膜起搏时,左心室整体心内膜平均激动时间较心内膜起搏时明显延长（42.9±5.9）ms对（26.1±4.0）ms,（P＜0.001）].结论 左心室心内膜起搏较心外膜起搏有更好的心脏激动电同步性.心衰后,左心室心外膜起搏较心内膜起搏可致更长的复极时间以及更大的复极离散度.本研究结果提示左心室心内膜起搏较心外膜起搏可产生更好的电生理效应,有可能降低心衰心脏再     

心脏病室性心律失常患者Tp-e间期、Tp-e/Q-T比值的研究

目的探讨器质性心脏病患者Tp-e间期、Tp-e/Q-T比值与室性心律失常的关系。方法选择器质性心脏病患者85例,分为两组,器质性心脏病室性心律失常组(A组)43例,并进一步按LOWN分级分为两个亚组,A1组(LOWN2-3级)20例,A2组(LOWN3级以上)23例;器质性心脏病无室性心律失常组(B组)42例。另选择健康体检者40例为正常对照组(C组)。采用常规12导联同步心电图及24小时动态心电图分析比较各组的Q-T间期、Q-Tc间期、Tp-e间期、Tp-ec间期和Tp-e/Q-T测值。结果 A组Q-T间期、Q-Tc间期、Tp-e间期、Tp-ec间期、Tp-e/Q-T测值比C组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而Q-Tc间期、Tp-e间期、Tp-ec间期、Tp-e/Q-T比B组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。上述各测值A2组比A1组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 Tp-e间期、Tp-e/Q-T等心电学指标与室性心律失常的发生有关,对室性心律失常的发生具有预测意义。     

Evaluation of Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with non-dipper hypertension

Aims: Non-dipper hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several studies have suggested that the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp-e) may correspond to the transmural dispersion of repolarization and that increased Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio are associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to evaluate ventricular repolarization by using Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with non-dipper hypertension.

Materials and method: This study included 80 hypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients were divided into two groups: 50 dipper patients (29 male, mean age 51.5?±?8 years) and 30 non-dipper patients (17 male, mean age 50.6?±?5.4 years). Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were measured from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. These parameters were compared between groups.

Results: No statistically significant difference was found between two groups in terms of basic characteristics. In electrocardiographic parameters analysis, QT dispersion (QTd) and corrected QTd were significantly increased in non-dipper patients compared to the dippers (39.4?±?11.5 versus 27.3?±?7.5?ms and 37.5?±?9.5 versus 29.2?±?6.5?ms, p?=?0.001 and p?=?0.01, respectively). Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were also significantly higher in non-dipper patients (97.5?±?11.2 versus 84.2?±?8.3?ms and 0.23?±?0.02 versus 0.17?±?0.02, all p value <0.001).

Conclusion: Our study revealed that QTd, Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio are prolonged in patients with non-dipper hypertension.     

Evaluation of Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Abstract

Objectives. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic multi-systemic inflammatory rheumatic disorder. Several studies have suggested that the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp-e) may correspond to the transmural dispersion of repolarization and that increased Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio are associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to evaluate ventricular repolarization by using Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with AS, and to assess the relation with inflammation.

Methods. Sixty-two patients with AS and 50 controls were included. Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were measured from a 12-lead electrocardiogram, and the Tp-e interval corrected for heart rate. The plasma level of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured. These parameters were compared between groups.

Results. In electrocardiographic parameters analysis, QT dispersion (QTd) and corrected QTd were significantly increased in AS patients compared to the controls (31.7 ± 9.6 vs 28.2 ± 7.4 and 35.8 ± 11.5 vs 30.6 ± 7.9 ms, P = 0.03 and P = 0.007, respectively). cTp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were also significantly higher in AS patients (92.1 ± 10.2 vs 75.8 ± 8.4 and 0.22 ± 0.02 vs 0.19 ± 0.02 ms, all P values <0.001). cTp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were significantly correlated with hsCRP (r = 0.63, P < 0.001 and r = 0.49, P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions. Our study revealed that Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were increased in AS patients. These electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization indexes were significantly correlated with the plasma level of hsCRP.     

急诊冠状动脉介入治疗对ST段抬高心肌梗死患者跨室壁复极离散度的影响

目的探讨急诊PCI对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者跨室壁复极离散度的影响。方法选择STEMI患者341例,其中未能实现梗死相关冠状动脉再通者129例为非再通组,经急诊PCI再通者212例为再通组;另选择非冠心病者36例为对照组。以校正的T波顶点至终点时间(Tp e/c,Tp-e/RR~(1/2))作为跨室壁复极离散度量化指标。比较正常者与STEMI患者、再通组与非再通组的Tp-e/c值:以及影响急诊PCI术后Tp-e/c下降幅度的相关因素。结果非再通组Tp-e/c较对照组明显升高(P<0.01),且在入院即刻、第2、3天差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。再通组不同梗死相关冠状动脉在术后即刻、第2、3天Tp-e/c下降幅度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。再通组Tp-e/c下降幅度与ST段回落程度、肌酸激酶同工酶、肌钙蛋白I、左心室舒张末内径呈独立正相关(r=0.381,r=0.238,r=0.201,r=0.147,P<0.01),与LVEF、Killip分级呈独立负相关(r=-0.1 98,P<0.01;r=-0.1 62,P<0.05)。结论急诊PCI能有效降低患者跨室壁复极离散度,该效果与不同梗死相关冠状动脉无关,而与ST回落程度、心肌标记物水平及左心室收缩功能有关。