HLA-DR抗原在肝细胞癌中的表达及意义

HL A- DR通过 MHC 类分子限制的 T细胞对外来抗原的识别 ,在机体免疫应答和免疫调节过程中发挥重要的作用。许多肿瘤细胞表面常出现 HL A - DR的异常表达 [1 ,2 ] ,这种现象在肿瘤发生、发展及自身免疫调节过程中具有一定的生物学意义 ,而成为肿瘤免疫学研究的热点之一。本研究采用免疫组化技术对 HCC肝组织中 HL A- DR抗原的表达进行了检测 ,并探讨其意义。1　材料与方法2 0例正常肝组织取自肝部分切除术患者 ,男 13例 ,女7例 ,平均年龄 (41.8± 6 .2 )岁。 44例 HCC和癌旁组织取自1997～ 1999年本院肝胆外科手术切除标本 ,全部…     

不同组织类型胃癌中增殖性T细胞克隆及细胞因子的表达

目的　探讨不同组织类型胃癌局部免疫细胞及细胞因子表达的特性。方法　采用高敏感放射性标记半定量逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)技术检测胃癌患者癌组织及非癌性黏膜组织中不同T细胞亚群 2 4个亚家族的T细胞受体 β链可变区表达以及T细胞亚群、上皮细胞的细胞因子表达谱。结果　弥散型胃癌组织CD8+ T细胞亚群中增殖性T细胞克隆数目明显低于肠型胃癌 (P =0 0 46 )。弥散型胃癌中 ,癌组织CD8+ T细胞中白细胞介素 (IL) 6、IL 8、CD4+ T细胞中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF) αmRNA的水平 (0 6 1± 0 2 9,0 5 6± 0 2 2 ,0 0 9± 0 0 3)较非癌性黏膜组织中的 (0 14± 0 0 5 ,0 2 7± 0 0 9,0 0 4± 0 0 2 )增高 (P =0 0 2 8,P =0 0 43,P =0 0 46 ) ;而肠型胃癌中 ,癌组织CD8+ T细胞及上皮细胞中IL 8mRNA的水平 (0 5 7± 0 2 5 ,0 2 7± 0 0 7)较非癌性黏膜组织中的 (0 2 1± 0 0 7,0 14± 0 0 6 )增高 (P =0 0 2 8,P =0 0 2 8)。结论　不同组织类型胃癌局部免疫细胞及细胞因子表达的特性不同 ,弥散型胃癌中增殖性T细胞克隆少、局部多种免疫抑制型细胞因子的高表达提示 :弥散型胃癌肿瘤局部的免疫抑制比肠型胃癌更严重。     

Expression of HLA-DR antigen on hepatic vascular endothelial cells in idiopathic portal hypertension.

Immunologic abnormalities have been reported in idiopathic portal hypertension, though the exact immunologic mechanism(s) leading to various portal venopathies in this disease remain unsettled. Recently, aberrant expression of HLA-DR antigen on target cells has been noted in the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. In this study the expression of HLA-DR antigen on the hepatic vasculature was surveyed immunohistochemically in idiopathic portal hypertension (n = 36) and in control livers: normal livers (n = 27), chronic active hepatitis (n = 35) and cirrhosis (n = 21). Endothelial cells of hepatic veins and hepatic arteries occasionally expressed HLA-DR antigen, and there was no difference in the expression between idiopathic portal hypertension and controls. Endothelial cells of the main portal vein, within the small and medium-sized portal tract, did not express HLA-DR antigen in idiopathic portal hypertension and controls. By contrast, endothelial cells of the smaller venous radicles, including inlet venules in these portal tracts other than the main portal vein, more frequently expressed HLA-DR antigen in idiopathic portal hypertension (78%) than in chronic active hepatitis (26%), cirrhosis (29%) and normal liver (15%). These data raise the possibility that the smaller venous radicles in the small and medium-sized portal tracts are targets of immunologic attack in idiopathic portal hypertension.     

Epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry in different histological types of infiltrating breast carcinoma.

AIMS--To determine the immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in high grade, intermediate, and low grade tumours. METHODS--Specimens from 931 breast carcinomas were partly formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded, to classify cases, and partly frozen in liquid nitrogen, cryostat sectioned, and immunostained using two monoclonal antibodies from clone 455 and 528 to demonstrate EGF-R positive cells. An avidin-biotin complex and peroxidase method was used after incubation with biotinylated anti-mouse antibody; colour was developed using a diaiminobenzidine solution. RESULTS--Low grade carcinomas seldom expressed EGF-R (n = 3) compared with 106 high grade infiltrating ductal carcinomas: EGF-R positive cases were much less common in infiltrating lobular than in infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Medullary carcinomas did not differ from infiltrating ductal carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS--The very low incidence of EGF-R positive cases in the "special type" group of breast carcinomas with a good prognosis is in line with the absence of the homologous c-erbB-2 and p53 oncoproteins, and the rarity of highly proliferating and oestrogen/progesterone negative cases. EGF-R expression in infiltrating lobular carcinoma was in keeping with the intermediate behaviour of this kind of tumour. EGF-R expression in cases of pure medullary carcinoma is the same as that of high grade tumours.     

HLA-DR抗原在慢性乙型肝炎和肝细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的　探讨HLA DR抗原在慢性乙型肝炎和肝细胞癌 (HCC)中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组化技术对 2 0例正常肝组织、36例慢性乙型肝炎和 44例HCC中HLA DR抗原的表达进行检测。结果　正常肝组织中肝细胞未见HLA DR抗原表达。慢性乙型肝炎肝细胞HLA DR抗原表达阳性率为 2 7.8% ,其中 ,中度和重度肝炎HLA DR抗原阳性率明显高于轻度肝炎 (阳性率分别为 37.5 %和 2 0 % ,χ2 =13.6 ,P <0 .0 1)。HCC中肿瘤细胞HLA DR抗原表达阳性率为 43.2 %。HLA DR抗原表达与癌周淋巴细胞浸润 (χ2 =0 .5 1,P >0 .0 5 )和转移 (χ2 =2 .9,P >0 .0 5 )无关 ,但与癌组织分化程度有关 (χ2 =4.9,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　HLA DR抗原的异常表达在慢性乙型肝炎免疫损伤、免疫保护和HCC发生、发展中起重要作用     

Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic value of various histological types in advanced gastric cancer

The prognostic value of histological types in gastric cancer is not well defined. This study aims to clarify the clinicopathologic features of various WHO histological types and their prognostic significance in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). We retrospectively reviewed 741 patients with gastric cancer in our hospital from 1997 to 2007. The AGC (741 cases) were divided into five histological types: well-differentiated carcinoma (WD), moderately differentiated carcinoma (MD), poorly differentiated carcinoma (PD), mucinous carcinoma (MC), and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC). The various AGC histological types presented significant differences in their clinical and tumor features. The five-year survival rates of patients with WD, MD, PD, MC, and SRC were 87.1%, 57.1%, 50.6%, 62.7%, and 43.4%, respectively (P=0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that cell differentiation, age, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors in AGC, whereas MC and SRC were not. Cell differentiation is related to tumor aggression or patient stage. Advanced stage SRC carcinoma had more aggressive features and worse prognosis than the other types. MC carcinoma survival is correlated with the stage at diagnosis. The degree of cell differentiation is an important predictor of survival in AGC.     

HLA-DR antigens in gastric carcinoma

Serological HLA typing of 56 gastric carcinoma patients and 53 healthy controls was performed by the long two-stage microlymphocytotoxic test. There was a significantly increased frequency of DR3 antigen (P less than 0.01) in the patients compared to controls. Relative risk analysis revealed a risk of 3.22 for subjects with DR3 antigen for predisposition to gastric carcinoma.     

Correlation between proliferation and apoptosis in different histological types of uterine leiomyoma

75 cases of simple, cellular and mitotically active leiomyoma (LM) were studied immunohistochemically with the use of monoclonal antibodies against bcl-2 ("DAKO", 1:80), bax ("Calbiochem, 1:80), c-myc ("Novocastra", 1:100), CD 95 ("Dianova, 1:50), Ki67 ("Dianova", 1:40), PCNA ("Novacastra", 1:100). Apoptosis was assessed by the Tunnel method (ENZO Apop Detek Cell Death Assay System). Simple LM is characterized by apoptosis domination over proliferation in leiomyocytes. Size increase of such a tumor is probably the result of hypertrophy of leiomyocytes and stromal elements proliferation as well as secondary changes. Cellular LM is characterized by about similar level of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Size increase of cellular LM is related to hypertrophy and leiomyocytes number increase probably due to their life lengthening. Mitotically active LM is characterized by domination of proliferation over apoptosis of tumor cells this being main condition of this tumor growth. Various types of LM differ by their stroma composition: fibrocyte prevailing in a simple LM, angiogenesis in mitotically active LM. Combination of adenomyosis with endometrium hyperplasia results in enhancement of proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells.     

Expression of HLA-DR (Ia like) antigen on epidermal keratinocytes in human dermatoses

Ia antigen (HLA-DR in man) has been demonstrated in keratinocytes in graft versus host disease. This study investigates the occurrence of HLA-DR in keratinocytes in the following dermatoses: eczematous dermatitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, with immunoglobulin and non-exposed skin from cases of systemic lupus erythematosus with immunoglobulin deposits, lichen planus, lichen simplex, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, 'toxic erthema', tuberculid and chillblain. Keratinocyte staining was found in a variety of conditions. The unifying features of the instances of its occurrence was lymphoid infiltration and usually some focal evidence of keratinocyte damage. Thus in eczema the staining was mid-epidermal, while in discoid lupus erythematosus and lichen planus it was basal. HLA-DR staining was absent in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris, which is consistent with the hypothesis that in these conditions the damage is mediated by autoantibodies and complement in the absence of cellular immune attack.     

胃癌组织HLA－I类和DR分子免疫组化研究

本文应用免疫组化法对６４例胃癌、癌旁组织和６例胃溃疡大致正常胃粘膜冰冻和石蜡切片进行了染色．结果表明，正常胃粘膜和癌旁胃粘膜上皮细胞ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类分子表达阳性，其着色较均一，ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ染色均阴性．胃癌细胞Ｉ类分子表达缺失（２７／６４例），与癌旁上皮比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。粘液细胞癌和低分化癌Ｉ类分子缺失率显著高于高分化癌（Ｐ＜０．０２５）．此外，发生肿瘤转移的病例Ｉ类分子缺失率（１２／１５例）显著高于无转移组（１／５例，Ｐ＜０．０２５）．ＤＲ分子在癌组织表达阳性，其阳性率高达５３．１％（３４／６４例）．低分化癌ＤＲ分子阳性率亦显著高于高分化癌和中分化癌，未分化癌ＤＲ分子阳性率亦显著高于高分化癌（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．０５）．提示（１）ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类分子表达缺失可能与癌细胞逃避宿主免疫监视发生润浸生长和转移有关；（２）分化程度不同的癌组织ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类分子表达差异显著，提示癌细胞分化可能影响Ｉ、Ⅱ类分子表达和肿癌抗原呈递；（３）ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类和ＤＲ分子表达异常可能是上皮恶性转变的标志之一．     

Host response and tumour biological behaviour in the two histological types of gastric carcinoma

It appears that there is validity in categorizing gastric carcinoma into two histologic types, intestinal and diffuse. The local host tissue response in 92.5% of cases of the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma was of an exudative nature. Diffuse gastric carcinoma in 70% of cases incited a dense productive fibrosis. Pools of mucin and large number of 'signet-ring' cells were mostly encountered in the intestinal type of carcinoma. Applying Dukes' parameters the tumour was found to be more than three times more invasive in cases of diffuse carcinoma. The prognostic bearing of the two histologic types, different host tissue response, behaviour of the tumour in terms of mucous production and local extension are discussed and it is suggested that diffuse gastric carcinoma carries a worse prognosis than the intestinal type. Study of a larger series of cases and longer follow-up with controlled treatment is essential to confirm this assessment.     

Matrix metalloproteinases and E-cadherin immunoreactivity in different basal cell carcinoma histological types

The immunohistochemical staining of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and E-cadherin in tumor epithelial and stromal cells was analyzed in a group of solid, superficial spreading and cystic tumors and in a group of morpheaform and recurrent basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in order to determine whether any of these factors possibly contribute to tumor therapy resistance. Tumor tissues of 64 patients were obtained by complete excisional or curettage biopsy of BCC and these were immunohistochemically stained for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13 and E-cadherin. In the morpheaform and recurrent BCC, MMP-9 expression significantly increased in the stroma, while E-cadherin expression was negative in epithelial cells. Odds ratio for development of morpheaform and recurrent BCC was 6.2 for positive MMP-1 immunostaining in epithelial tumor cells, 5.8 for positive MMP-9 immunostaining in tumor stroma, 3.2 for positive MMP-13 immunostaining in tumor stroma, and 4.5 for negative E-cadherin in epithelial tumor cells. Our results suggest that MMP-1 immunostaining in tumor cells, MMP-9 expression in stromal cells, and absence of E-cadherin expression are associated with morpheaform and recurrent BCC.     

Expression and clinical significance of FOS-like antigen 1 in gastric adenocarcinoma

BackgroundThe overexpression of FOS-like antigen 1 (FOSL1) in several types of cancers was reported before. However, the expression and clinical significance of FOSL1 in gastric cancer (GC) have not been elucidated.Materials and methodsThe expression of FOSL1 in 105 cases of GCs was detected with immunohistochemistry, and the mRNA of FOSL1 was investigated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) in 15 pairs of GCs and tumor adjacent tissues. With Chi-square test or Fisher test, we analyzed the correlation between FOSL1 expression and clinicopathological factors. With univariate analysis, we evaluated the correlations between clinicopathological factors including FOSL1 and overall survival (OS) rates. With multivariate analysis, we identified the independent prognostic risk factors of GC.ResultsThe percentages of patients with low and high FOSL1 expression in our study accounted for 43.81% and 56.19%, respectively. The mRNA levels of FOSL1 in GCs were significantly higher than those in tumor adjacent tissues. FOSL1 expression was demonstrated to be significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion (P = 0.036) and TNM stage (P = 0.016). High expression of FOSL1 was significantly correlated with lower 5-year OS (P = 0.002), and FOSL1 expression was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker of GC (P = 0.001).ConclusionsFOSL1 is an independent prognostic biomarker of GC. Detecting FOSL1 expression could help stratify GC patients with high-risk and guide the precious treatment.     

胃癌组织中肝细胞抗原的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨肝细胞抗原（hepatoeyte antigen,Hep）在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法 应用免疫组织化学方法EnVision法检测88例胃癌组织中Hep的表达。结果 胃癌组织中Hep的阳性表达率为54．5％（48／88）。Hep的阳性表达在肠型胃癌中明显高于弥漫型胃癌（P〈0．05）;随着临床分期的增高,Hep的阳性表达率呈下降趋势,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;胃癌组织中Hep的表达与患者的年龄有关（P〈0．05）,与性别、肿瘤大小、部位、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和血管侵犯均无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论 检测胃癌组织中Hep的表达可一定程度地反映胃癌的组织学分型和患者的预后。     

Expression of the laminin γ2 chain in different histological types of lung carcinoma. A study by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization

Sixty-four malignant lung tumours and 12 of their regional lymph node metastases were analysed for expression of the laminin γ2 chain by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Expression of the laminin γ2 chain was strongest in squamous cell carcinomas, followed by adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas. Positive cells, except for large cell carcinomas, were located at the epithelial–stromal interface of tumour clusters. An important exception was small cell lung carcinoma, with only a low level of laminin γ2 chain expression. Apart from tumour type, this may reflect the relatively scanty fibrous stroma in these tumours and supports previous observations that small cell lung carcinoma cells, contrary to other types, lack surface expression of α₆β₄ integrin, the specific laminin-5 binding receptor. In frozen sections, immunohistochemistry showed linear basement membranes around tumour clusters in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. This shows that carcinoma cells are capable of heavy deposition of the laminin γ2 chain around tumour clusters and suggests that a laminin γ2 chain-containing substrate may be of significance for the spread and growth of malignant tumours. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.