焦炉工人血浆BPDE-白蛋白加合物与外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤水平的相关关系

目的探讨焦炉工人早期生物效应标志物DNA损伤与生物有效剂量标志物苯并(a)芘二氢二醇环氧化物(BPDE)-白蛋白加合物之间的关系。方法选取某焦化厂207名焦炉工人作为接触组,102名非焦炉作业人员为对照组,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中BPDE-白蛋白加合物浓度,采用彗星实验测定外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤水平。结果焦炉工人的血浆BPDE-白蛋白加合物浓度和外周血DNA损伤水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。使用多元logistic回归分析校正了个体的工龄、吸烟和饮酒状况后,焦炉工人BPDE-白蛋白加合物浓度增高的危险度是对照组的1.72倍(P<0.05),焦炉工人DNA损伤水平增高的危险度是对照组的1.96倍(P<0.05)。BPDE-白蛋白加合物与DNA损伤水平在焦炉工人中存在明显的正相关关系(Spearman偏相关系数=0.235,P<0.01),但在对照组中不存在相关关系(Spearman偏相关系数=0.093,P>0.05)。结论焦炉工人生物有效剂量标志物BPDE-白蛋白加合物和早期生物效应标志物DNA损伤之间存在明显相关。     

焦炉工多环芳烃接触与尿1-羟基芘及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α的关系

目的 探讨焦炉工外接触等级与尿中1-羟基芘物质的量浓度的关系,同时研究血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平能否作为焦炉工多环芳烃(PAH)的接触评价指标以及TNF-α与1-羟基芘物质的量浓度的关系.方法 以某焦化厂86名生产工人和35名对照者为研究对象,采集血清和班后尿,并收集个人信息,检测血清中TNF-α水平,用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-羟基芘.结果 焦炉工尿1-羟基芘物质的量浓度(4.78±2.09)μmol/mol Cr显著高于对照组[(2.12±1.81)μmol/mol Cr,P＜0.001],并呈炉顶＞炉侧＞炉底＞对照组的趋势.与外接触呈显著相关性(r=0.727,P＜0.001);在同样外接触条件下,吸烟量显著影响尿中1-羟基芘的水平(P＜0.05);焦炉工血清中TNF-α水平(30.1±2.0)μg/L明显高于对照人群[(17.7±1.8)μg/L,P＜0.001];焦炉工尿1-羟基芘水平与血清中TNF-α呈弱相关(r=0.316,P＜0.001).结论 焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平与外接触等级存在良好的剂量-效应关系,可反映PAH接触个体的内剂量水平;焦炉工人血清TNF-α有可能作为PAH接触评价的参数.     

焦炉工多环芳烃暴露与尿中1-羟基芘含量的关系

[目的]探讨焦炉工人多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)暴露等级与尿中1-羟基芘(1-0H-Pyr)含量的关系. [方法]以某市焦化厂121名工人作为暴露组和50名本厂机关工作人员为对照组,收集其工作周末班后尿,并使用统一调查表收集职业暴露史、年龄、性别等个人信息,采用碱水解-高效液相色谱法测定尿1-羟基芘浓度. [结果]4组工人尿中1-羟基芘的含量均不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中炉顶工尿中1-羟基芘浓度为最高(10.38 ± 0.69)μmol/molCr,对照组工人尿中1-羟基芘含量为最低(1.07±0.73)μmol/molCr.尿中1-羟基芘浓度与PAHs外暴露的等级之间有正相关关系(r=0.879,P=0.001). [结论]焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘的含量与PAHs外暴露等级之间存在正相关关系,焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘的含量可反映多环芳烃暴露个体的内剂量水平.     

焦炉作业工人尿中1-羟基芘水平检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨焦炉作业工人尿中1-羟基芘水平及其临床意义.方法 将煤化工厂147名焦炉作业工人分为焦油组(接触焦油作业工人)60人和焦炉烟尘组(接触焦炉烟尘作业工人)87人,另选择79名非焦炉作业工人为对照组,采用高效液相色谱紫外检测方法对作业工人尿中1-羟基芘含量进行分析.结果 焦油组和焦炉烟尘组尿中1-羟基芘水平分别为(2.20±0.49)和(1.92±0.59)μg/L,明显高于对照组[(0.59±0.40)μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);焦油组尿中1-羟基芘水平明显高于焦炉烟尘组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).焦油组与焦油烟尘组作业工人尿中1-羟基芘水平不受工龄、性别和吸烟等因素的影响.结论 焦炉作业工人尿中1-羟基芘水平明显增高,以接触者尿中1-羟基芘水平作为评价人体接触多环芳烃指标,可以较好地反映近期接触水平.     

焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平与外周血淋巴细胞染色体损伤的关系

目的 研究焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平与外周血淋巴细胞胞质分裂阻滞微核(CBMN)率的关系.方法 分别选取158名焦炉作业工人(接触组)和158名非职业接触人员(对照组),使用碱水解-高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-羟基芘浓度作为个体多环芳烃接触内剂量,应用CBMN法评价研究对象外周血淋巴细胞染色体损伤,使用调查表收集对象的职业接触史、年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒状况等信息.结果 调整了年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒状况后,接触组外周血淋巴细胞CBMN率(3.32‰±2.90‰)明显高于对照组(0.57‰±0.88‰),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),呈炉顶工＞炉侧工＞炉底工＞对照组的分布,组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).且接触组CBMN率与尿中1-羟基芘水平呈正相关(r=0.28,P＜0.05).进一步按尿中1-羟基芘水平将研究对象分成0.11～0.70(104人)、0.71～4.09(107人),4.10～24.74 μmol/mol Cr组(105人)3个内剂量组,使用多元非参数协方差分析校正了不同内剂量组个体的年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒状况后,0.71～4.09 μmol/mol Cr组的CBMN率为1.89‰±2.37‰,4.10～24.74μmol/mol Cr组的CBMN率为3.29‰±2.36‰,均明显高于0.11～0.70μmol/mol Cr组0.56‰±0.89‰,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触工龄和吸烟对CBMN率无影响.结论 焦炉工外周血淋巴细胞CBMN率随尿中1-羟基芘浓度的增加而明显增加.     

诊断

CYP2D6 C188T单核苷酸多态与肺癌易感性；云锡矿工肺癌组织DAPK基因表达及其甲基化异常；双向电泳-质谱技术筛选矽肺血清差异蛋白的研究；焦炉工人血浆BPDE-白蛋白加合物与尿中1-羟基芘浓度的关系；螺旋CT在煤工尘肺肺气肿诊断中的应用价值     

CYP1A1基因多态性与焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平的关系

目的 研究CYPIAl多态性与焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平的关系.方法 按照苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)接触水平将223名焦炉工分为炉顶组(76名)、炉侧组(82名)和炉底组(65名),以119名无职业性接触多环芳烃的工人为对照组,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)CYPIAl基因Mspl位点多态性、等位基凶特异性扩增方法 检测CYPlAl基因1462V位点的多态性.结果 炉顶组、炉侧组和炉底组焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平分别为(3.77+0.64)、(3.57+0.49)、(3.26+0.80)μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(PO.05).炉侧组和炉顶组CYPIAl 1462V位点的各基因型尿中1-羟基芘水平均为Ⅱe/Ⅱe<Ⅱe/Val相似文献   

焦炉作业工人神经行为功能改变的特征分析

目的 通过苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]职业接触人群调查,探讨多环芳烃所致神经行为功能改变.方法 选择某钢铁公司焦化厂健康成年男性工人200名作为接触组,以该公司的原材料处和自动化处一般情况相近的88名工人作为对照组.高效液相色谱法测定作业环境空气中B(a)P,收集调查对象的班后尿,用高效液相色谱法检测尿中1-羟基芘的水平;用WHO推荐的神经行为核心测试组合(NCTB)检测研究对象的神经行为功能.结果 作业环境空气中炉底、炉侧、炉顶的B(a)P浓度分别为0.0195、0.186、1.624 μg/m3,炉侧、炉顶的B(a)P浓度超过职业卫生标准(0.15 μg/m3)0.24倍和9.83倍.与对照组相比,焦炉工尿1-羟基芘的水平[(3.42±0.98)μmol/mol肌酐]高于对照组[(2.75±1.09)μmol/mol肌酐](t=-5.162,P=0.000),接触组与对照组在年龄、工龄、吸烟、饮酒及吃烧烤食物情况间均衡,文化水平不均衡,以文化水平为协变量进行协方差分析,焦炉工在总数字跨度、数字跨度顺序、2次打点正确数得分低于对照组,2次打点总数得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义,按照尿1-羟基芘浓度对数值的30和70百分位数将研究对象分为3组(＜3.10 μmol/mol肌酐,3.10 μmoL/mol肌酐～,＞3.87 μmoL/mol肌酐),总数字跨度、数字跨度顺序、数字跨度倒序、习惯用手、数字译码、视觉记忆得分显示出随尿1-羟基芘浓度增高而降低的趋势;多元线性回归和偏相关分析表明,尿1-羟基芘浓度影响总数字跨度、数字跨度顺序、数字跨度倒序、数字译码和视觉记忆得分,而且与上述指标存在负相关,偏相关系数分别为-0.309、-0.284、-0.209、-0.158、-0.144.结论 多环芳烃主要引起接触人群感知、记忆功能改变.     

焦炉工血清GST活力与尿1-羟基芘和GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态的关系

目的研究血清谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)能否作为焦炉工人多环芳烃的暴露评价指标,同时探讨GSTM1、GSTI1基因多态性与血清GST活力的关系.方法选择某焦化厂39名男性焦炉工人和44名男性对照工人,采用统一的调查表调查一般情况.采集静脉血分析血清GST活力和GSTM1、GSTT1基因型,采集尿样分析尿1-羟基芘(1-OHP)浓度.血清GST活力用试剂盒检测;尿1-羟基芘(1-OHP)浓度作为多环芳烃内暴露剂量,用碱水解-高效液相色谱方法测定;GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性分析采用PCR方法.结果焦炉工人尿1-OHP浓度(中位数为5.60μmol/mol肌酐)和血清GST活力(中位数25.75 U/ml)分别高于对照组(尿1-OHP浓度:中位数1.32 μmol/mol肌酐,血清GST活力:14.54 U/ml),差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.001).GSTM1(-/-)和GSTT1(-/-)型工人的血清GST活力分别与GSTM1(-/ , / )和GSTT1(-/ , / )型工人的血清GST活力相比,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).广义线性回归分析显示,尿1-OHP对血清GST的影响具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).血清GST活力和尿1-OHP浓度存在统计学正相关(r=0.357,P＜0.001,n=83).结论焦炉工人血清GST有可能作为多环芳烃暴露评价的参数;未见GSTM1和GSTT1基因缺失对血清GST活力的影响.     

萘代谢产物-白蛋白加合物作为焦炉工接触生物标志物的初步探索

目的探讨萘代谢产物的白蛋白加合物作为焦炉工接触生物标志物的可行性。方法随机选取某焦化厂28名焦炉作业工人(接触组)和22名对照个体(对照组),工人在连续工作4d的班后采集静脉血和尿样,并使用调查表收集个人信息。采用气相色谱质谱联机方法测定血浆中白蛋白加合物。结果在接触组及对照组中均检测出1,2萘醌及1,4萘醌与白蛋白的加合物(1,2NPQAlb和1,4NPQAlb)。接触组1,2NPQAlb水平(766pmol/g)高于对照组(449pmol/g),差异有统计学意义;1,4NPQAlb水平在接触组(486pmol/g)和对照组(442pmol/g)间差异无统计学意义。接触组1,2NPQAlb水平(766pmol/g)高于1,4NPQAlb(486pmol/g),差异有显著性。尿中萘、1萘酚、2萘酚及1羟基芘浓度与1,2NPQAlb水平间呈显著相关性,而与1,4NPQAlb之间未见明显的相关关系。结论1,2NPQAlb可有效地反映个体中长期暴露于气态多环芳烃的内剂量水平,有可能作为生物标志物用于焦炉工的生物监测。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.