STR-PCR对造血干细胞移植后植入证据的检测

本研究采用STRPCR检测方法，观察比较15例异基因造血干细胞移植术后患者的植入情况。提取15例异基因造血干细胞移植术患者及其供者移植前的以及患者移植术后的不同时期的外周血或骨髓DNA，PCR扩增5个具有高度多态性的STR位点，通过变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染，分析其植入情况。结果表明：15例患者均有不同程度植入，其中完全供者植入10例，供受者混合嵌合体5例。持续缓解10例，死亡4例，1例复发但仍存活。混合嵌合体中供者DNA比例的下降预示着早期排斥或复发。Ⅱ度以下急性移植物抗宿主病的发生与混合嵌合体有明显相关性。结论：STRPCR是分析异基因造血干细胞移植后供体是否植入的灵敏、准确度高的方法，混合嵌合状态对白血病复发有预警作用。嵌合状态的变化对疾病的治疗有指导作用。     

异基因脐血干细胞移植后STR基因座位的表达分析

本研究分析杜氏型肌营养不良（DMD）病人异基因脐带血干细胞移植后STR基因座位的表达。利用PCR—SSO方法检测患者、供者HLA-A、B、DR位点，并利用STR—PCR方法检测术后各个器官的STR-基因位点的表达情况。结果表明：患者与供者在HLA中、低分辨情况下A、B、DR位点全相合，患者的胸骨骨髓显示为供者独立植入，脾、左上肺、前臂、肌舌、左肝、胃、右颞叶、膈肌、右支气管、左心室、右肾均为嵌合状态。结论：造血干细胞移植术后，供者的基因可在实体器官表达，形成嵌合状态.     

多供体造血干细胞移植术后的嵌合率定量检测

本研究旨在建立检测多供体造血干细胞移植术后供体细胞嵌合率(DD-CHM%)的计算模型并简化计算方法。以接受异基因造血干细胞移植的血液系统疾病患者为研究对象,采用STR-PCR结合毛细管电泳的方法,检测移植术后供体细胞嵌合率。结果表明:在混合嵌合状态下,同一个体来源的等位基因的双峰面积和高度是近似的,可以互相替代;对构建的计算模型中各等位基因的峰面积进行赋值,得到的嵌合率准确值和近似值在可接受的计量系统自身误差范围内(5%-20%)是基本没有差异的。结论:在混合嵌合状态下,来自于同一个体的等位基因在STR位点上的非共享峰是可以替代共享峰面积,此设想可以用作于计算多供体造血干细胞移植术后嵌合率的检测;在计算位点选择上,受体位点的选择比供体位点选择更为重要,能更加有效的简化计算步骤,并能更准确的得到供体细胞嵌合率的结果。     

STR-PCR分析嵌合体在同种异基因造血干细胞移植中的应用

利用荧光标记的多重PCR扩增短串联重复序列（STR-PCR）结合毛细管电泳检测供者细胞嵌合率（DC）,以探讨该方法的连续检测对异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后转归的预警作用,采集27例清髓性外周血干细胞移植患者移植前、移植后不同时段的外周血或骨髓,DNA样本用Profiler Plus和Cofiler Plus商品化试剂盒扩增后,用ABI310遗传分析仪进行毛细管电泳,确定基因位点及峰面积,根据基因型的差异选择嵌合率计算公式。结果表明：两种试剂盒测得的DC嵌合率一致;在27对中能区别出供受差别的STR位点,Profiler Plus为6.3（4-9）个,Cofiler Plus为4.9（2-6）个。26例患者均在移植后28天出现供者细胞,1例患者未出现供者细胞。14例患者DC100%,均获得持久植入,至今仍无白血病生存;另有9例患者出现不稳定混合嵌合（MC）状态（DC为0%-90.2%）,其中5例为血液学复发。27例病人中有6例死亡。上述5例复发患者均在出现临床症状前发生DC量下降;供者细胞完全嵌合组移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的发生率高于MC组。结论：动态检测DC可用于移植动力学研究,对移植物早期植入或被排斥、疾病复发以及GVHD的发生均有预警作用,对早期实施临床干预治疗有重要的指导意义。     

荧光原位杂交技术在异基因造血干细胞移植监测中的作用

背景：异基因造血干细胞移植后,嵌合率下降与移植物被排斥及白血病复发密切相关,常规骨髓细胞学检查、染色体检查、流式细胞学检查等均不能敏感特异地监测嵌合率。目的：验证荧光原位杂交技术检测异基因造血干细胞移植后嵌合率的敏感性和特异性。方法：应用荧光原位杂交法检测异性同胞异基因造血干细胞移植后患者X、Y性染色体及慢性粒细胞白血病序列特异性bcr/abl融合基因,以骨髓细胞学检查为对照。结果与结论：3例异基因造血干细胞移植患者共复查骨髓细胞学检查及荧光原位杂交检查7次。4次骨髓细胞学检查及荧光原位杂交检查均完全相符,另外3次骨髓细胞学检查提示完全缓解,而荧光原位杂交检查能检测到少量异常信号,证实应用荧光原位杂交法较骨髓细胞学具有显著优越性,能动态敏感、特异地检测嵌合率。     

STR峰高与峰下面积在干细胞移植后状态判断的应用探讨

目的 探讨短串联重复序列（STR）信息位点的峰高与峰下面积在异基因造血干细胞移植后嵌合状态判断中的作用,寻找适合于异基因造血干细胞移植状态判断的指标.方法 分别采集两名无关供者及M2患者及其HLA全相合供者两组血标本,以白细胞含量为依据制备不同比例混合血样,提取DNA,使用STR试剂盒,建立PCR扩增体系,在ABI3100仪上检测扩增片段,筛选得到理想的信息位点,获取其峰高及峰面积进行移植嵌合率的计算.结果 各筛选位点以峰高或面积得出的模拟嵌合率间差异均无统计学意义,且各位点模拟嵌合率与制备的浓度梯度之间的相关系数均在0.9965以上.结论 峰高或峰下面积均可作为嵌合状态的定量监控指标.     

一例口角单纯性疱疹行二次异基因造血干细胞移植术的护理

<正>异基因造血干细胞移植是采用正常的造血干细胞替代病态骨髓,通过重建患者的造血系统而达到治疗目的的一种治疗手段,同时重建的还有患者的免疫系统[1]。移植后绝大部分患者会获得完全或持久植入,偶有骨髓功能不恢复或短暂植入后又排斥的情况。此例患者在第一次造血干细胞移植术后+26d     

Profiler体系用于异基因造血干细胞移植植活测定

目的探讨应用Profiler体系进行短串联重复序列（STR）基因位点检查在异基因造血干细胞移植中的作用。方法采用荧光标记STR-PCR复合扩增、毛细管电泳基因分型技术，对11例异基因造血干细胞移植的供者和受者移植前、后STR基因进行检测，了解造血干细胞的植入情况。结果11例异基因造血干细胞移植受者移植后STR基因型与受者移植前STR基因型不同，与供者STR基因型完全相同，提示供者造血干细胞的植入。结论应用Profiler体系进行STR基因位点检查可用于判断异基因造血干细胞移植的植入情况。     

嵌合体的动态定量检测在异基因造血干细胞移植中的应用

目的　建立荧光标记的多重PCR扩增短串联重复序列 (STR PCR)结合毛细管电泳 ,定量检测供体细胞 (DC)嵌合率的方法 ,并探讨该方法的连续定量检测对异基因造血干细胞移植 (allo HSCT)后转归的预警作用。方法　采集 31例接受骨髓移植 (BMT)或非清髓外周血干细胞移植 (NST)患者移植前、移植后不同时段的外周血或骨髓。DNA样本用ProfilerPlus商品化试剂盒扩增后 ,用ABI 310遗传分析仪进行毛细管电泳 ,确定基因位点及峰面积 ,根据供受体基因型的差异选择嵌合率计算公式。结果　 31例患者中 15例 (48.4 % )为性别相合移植 ,只能通过STR PCR进行嵌合体的定量分析 ;性别不合移植患者用STR PCR和荧光原位杂交两种方法定量测得的DC嵌合率一致 ;31对供受体中能区别出供受差别的STR位点有 6 .7(2～ 10 )个 ,所有患者均在移植后 7天 ( 7天 )出现供体来源的细胞 ,BMT组 7天、 14天和 1个月DC中位数均明显低于NST组 ,而在移植中后期无显著性差异。 2 1天时BMT和NST患者均达稳定嵌合 ,DC在 92 %以上 ;中位随访 17(3.5～ 2 9.0 )个月 ,2 6例患者DC≥90 % ,均获得持久植入 ,至今均为无白血病生存。另有 5例患者出现不稳定混合嵌合 (MC)状态 (DC为2 7.3%～ 6 2 .7% ) ,其中 4例复发 ,1例出现移植物被排斥。上述 5例患者均     

不同类型异基因造血干细胞移植后的急性白血病患者骨髓形态学比较

目的观察单体型相合造血干细胞移植及全相合异基因造血干细胞移植后骨髓形态学差异及造血重建情况。方法在235名实施异基因造血干细胞移植患者中,单体型相合120名,采用外周血造血干细胞联合骨髓移植;115名全相合的患者,采用单纯的外周血造血干细胞移植。在造血干细胞移植成功出层流室+30 d行骨髓穿刺抽吸涂片观察骨髓形态学差异,并观察造血重建情况。结果 235名患者均成功重建造血。全相合患者白细胞及血小板重建的时间分别14.7 d(12～26 d)及20.6 d(13～32 d);单体型相合造血干细胞移植患者白细胞及血小板重建的时间分别12 d(10～21 d)及18 d(15～30 d);2者之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者造血干细胞移植后骨髓全部完全缓解。在骨髓增生程度、粒红比例和细胞形态等方面有差异,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单体型相合造血干细胞移植较全相合移植造血重建早,移植后骨髓形态学有差异,但差异无统计学意义。     

Bacterial contamination rates following processing of bone marrow and peripheral blood progenitor cell preparations

BACKGROUND: The performance of cultures to assess possible bacterial contamination of bone marrow and peripheral blood progenitor cell preparations is required by the standards of the American Association of Blood Banks. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Consecutive (n = 893) bone marrow and peripheral blood progenitor cell preparations were cultured for assessment of possible contamination by microorganisms. RESULTS: Consecutive bone marrow and peripheral blood progenitor cell preparations (n = 893) were cultured; the overall positive rate detected was 2.5 percent (22/893). The isolates predominantly were skin contaminants (gram-positive cocci) and so-called water-borne organisms (gram-negative rods). The 6.0-percent rate of positivity in 317 bone marrow preparations was higher than the 0.5-percent rate in 576 peripheral blood progenitor cell preparations (p < 10(-6)). Culture- positive preparations were transfused to 16 patients at this institution; however, none of these transfusions led to documented sepsis with the contaminating organism. CONCLUSION: The culture method described here complies with the standards of the American Association of Blood Banks. Contamination can be detected in both bone marrow and peripheral blood progenitor cell preparations. When contaminated preparations are transfused, there are few complications that can be attributed to the contamination.     

Engraftment of gene-marked hematopoietic progenitors in myeloma patients after transplant of autologous long-term marrow cultures.

We conducted a phase I hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene-marking trial in patients undergoing autologous blood or marrow stem cell transplant for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Between 500 and 1000 ml of bone marrow was harvested from each of 14 myeloma patients and 1 syngeneic donor. A mean of 3.3x10(9) cells per patient were plated in 20 to 50 long-term marrow culture (LTMC) flasks and maintained for 3 weeks. LTMCs were exposed on days 8 and 15 to clinical-grade neo(r)-containing retrovirus supernatant (G1Na). A mean of 8.23x10(8) day-21 LTMC cells containing 5.2x10(4) gene-marked granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) were infused along with an unmanipulated peripheral blood stem cell graft into each patient after myeloablative therapy. Proviral DNA was detected in 71% of 68 tested blood and bone marrow samples and 150 of 2936 (5.1%) CFU-GM derived from patient bone marrow samples after transplant. The proportion of proviral DNA-positive CFU-GM declined from a mean of 9.8% at 3 months to a mean of 2.3% at 24 months postinfusion. Southern blots of 26 marrow and blood samples were negative. Semiquantitative PCR analysis indicated that gene transfer was achieved in 0.01-1% of total bone marrow and blood mononuclear cells (MNCs). Proviral DNA was also observed in EBV-transformed B lymphocytes, in CD34+ -enriched bone marrow cells, and in CFUs derived from the latter progenitors. Gene-modified cells were detected by PCR in peripheral blood and bone marrow for 24 months after infusion of LTMC cells. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assays were independently validated in four laboratories. Our data confirm that HSCs may be successfully transduced in stromal based culture systems. The major obstacle to therapeutic application of this approach remains the overall low level of genetically modified cells among the total hematopoietic cell pool in vivo.     

人感染田鼠巴贝斯虫的实验室诊断一例

目的通过回顾1例人感染巴贝斯虫的实验室资料,以积累经验,提高诊断水平。方法研究红细胞(RBC)、血小板(PLT)直方图,白细胞(WBC)VCS散点图;观察外周血、骨髓涂片中虫体的形态;从患者外周血中提取的DNA核酸用疟原虫、巴贝斯虫种、巴贝斯虫属特异性引物进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)。结果 RBC直方图波峰降低,宽度增加,PLT直方图无异常,WBC VCS散点图非WBC区有颗粒团;外周血、骨髓涂片见大量拟似恶性疟原虫虫体;PCR产物测序结果经BLAST比对,结果显示与巴贝斯虫和田鼠巴贝斯虫18s核糖体DNA序列分别有96%和99%的同源性。结论感染的虫体为田鼠巴贝斯虫。     

免疫缺陷综合征合并马尔尼菲青霉病的实验室诊断研究

目的探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)合并马尔尼菲青霉病(PSM)的实验室诊断方法。方法采用回顾性研究对257例AIDS患者骨髓和血液真菌培养以及骨髓涂片镜检检测马尔尼菲青霉(PM)的结果进行统计分析。结果共检出PM 77例,检出率为29.96%。血液及骨髓真菌联合培养检出PM 74例,其中骨髓及血液培养检出PM的病例数分别为65例和54例;骨髓涂片镜检检出PM 33例,其中30例经培养证实PM感染,3例培养结果阴性但临床资料支持PM诊断。以血液及骨髓联合培养阳性为金标准,AIDS患者骨髓及血液真菌培养PM检出率分别为87.84%和72.97%,2种培养方法之间及其与2种方法联合培养比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),骨髓涂片镜检诊断PSM的特异性为90.91%,敏感性为44.59%。结合骨髓涂片镜检分析,血液及骨髓联合培养法诊断PSM的漏检率为3.90%。结论联合骨髓和血液真菌培养并结合骨髓涂片镜检检测PM,对提高AIDS患者合并PSM诊断的及时率和阳性检出率有重要意义。     

rhG-CSF体内应用对骨髓和外周血造血干/祖细胞上CXCR-4表达的影响

为了观察rhG-CSF动员对外周血和骨髓造血干/祖细胞上CXCR-4表达的影响,应用三色荧光标记技术对动员前后骨髓和外周血中单个核细胞（MNC）和CD34＋细胞上CXCR-4的表达进行了测定.结果显示,G-CSF动员显著增加了外周血MNC及骨髓CD34＋细胞上CXCR-4的表达,骨髓MNC及外周血CD34＋细胞上CXCR-4的表达无变化,稳态骨髓（SS-BM）中CD34＋细胞比例与G-BM、G-PB中CD34＋细胞比例呈正相关,与采集到的骨髓及外周血中CD34＋细胞/公斤也具有良好的正相关性.结论：G-CSF体内应用后CD34＋细胞上CXCR-4表达的变化可能是动员机制的一部分,CXCR-4的高表达可能有利于MNC的植入,SS-BM中CD34＋细胞的含量可作为动员效果好坏的预测指标.     

Human bone marrow lymphocytes. I. Distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in the bone marrow of normal individuals.

This study was undertaken to determine the proportions and in vitro immune capacities of lymphocyte populations in the bone marrows of normal humans. Relatively pure mononuclear cell suspensions were obtained from bone marrow aspirates by linear sucrose gradient centrifugations. Simultaneous peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens from each individual were assayed for lymphocyte surface markers and mitogen responsiveness. Maximal possible contamination of bone marrow aspirates by peripheral blood was determined by performing aspirates on individuals who had received 51chromium-labeled autologous erythrocytes. Rhymus-derived (T) lymphocytes, as determined by the sheep red blood cell (E) rosette assay, comprised 8.6-(plus or minus 1.6)% of the total bone marrow lymphocyte pool. Bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes, as determined by the presence of a complement receptor, made up 15.4-(plus or minus 1.9)% of the lymphocyte pool whereas 74.6 (plus or minus 2.4)% of mononuclear cells lacked easily detectable surface markers. These findings could not be explained by contamination with peripheral blood lymphocytes since contamination was corrected for in the calculations. Lymphocyte-enriched suspensions of bone marrow cells responded to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanalin A, and particularly pokeweed mitogen. In vitro incubations of bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes with tritiated thymidine followed by determinations of E and erythrocyte antibody complement (EAC) rosettes were performed. Simultaneous rosetteradioautographs demonstrated that the proliferative potential of bone marrow B lymphocytes was greater than peripheral blood B lymphocytes (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, the proliferative potential of bone marrow T lymphocytes was the same as that of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. These findings demonstrate that in addition to containing B lymphocytes the normal bone marrow contains a small fraction of T lymphocytes similar to the mature T lymphocyte pool found in the peripheral blood. These T cells most probably enter the bone marrow parenchyma as part of the normal recirculating lymphocyte pool.     

PCR－DNA指纹图识别异基因骨髓移植后重建造血的细胞起源

用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增多态性小卫星ＤＮＡ的３３．１，３３．６位点，联合地高辛标记寡核苷酸探针杂交方法，以小卫星ＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ－ＤＮＡ指纹图为特异性遗传标志，识别２例慢性粒细胞白血病患者接受同胞供髓的骨髓移植后造血重建的细胞起源。结果显示均有供者源性造血细胞植活。该方法灵敏度高，特异性强，无同位素污染，尤其适用于同性别、同血型、ＨＬＡ全相合的异基因骨髓移植植活指标的监测。     

Use of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of tumor cell involvement of bone marrow and peripheral blood: implications for purging.

Bone marrow purging is being performed increasingly in an effort to deplete residual tumor cells from the graft prior to reinfusion. Several studies have suggested that the removal of tumor cells is an important clinical goal. In this review the utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of small numbers of tumor cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood is discussed. Using sensitive assays such as PCR, it is expected that the efficacy of bone marrow purging strategies will be improved and this will hopefully result in decreased relapse rates following autologous bone marrow transplantation.     

Detection of minimal residual disease in peripheral blood prior to clinical relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia using PCR

Submicroscopic evidence of persistent minimal residual disease (MRD) in first remission bone marrow samples from children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) indicates a high risk of clinical relapse. Since microscopic evidence of leukaemic lymphoblasts is often present in the peripheral blood in the weeks before clinical presentation at diagnosis or relapse, peripheral blood may be used instead of bone marrow to detect MRD in ALL patients. We examined a median of 0.165 microg (from 1.0-2.0x10(4)cells) genomic DNA from archived peripheral blood smears collected 8-16 months prior to clinical relapse in eight children with ALL for evidence of MRD. We used the polymerase chain reaction and primers designed to identify clonal antigen receptor gene rearrangements. Among the seven patients with bone marrow relapse, MRD was detected at a median of 1.2 months (0-8 months) prior to clinical relapse, indicating that MRD in the peripheral blood may be a late event in the course of leukaemic relapse. A prospective MRD study in ALL patients analysing larger numbers of peripheral blood cells will be needed to evaluate the utility of peripheral blood over bone marrow for MRD testing in childhood ALL.