血管内超声对支架后再狭窄的初步探讨

目的：研究血管内超声指导支架置入，改进支架放置是否能降低支架置入后再狭窄，方法：54例患者接受支架置入，所有患者均接受血管内超声检查以达到理想的支架放置，达到预定的血管内超声标准，,澡则将使用高压或较大球囊进一步扩张。术后及6个月后行血管内超声测量，分别测量支架及参考血管的最小腔内径，外弹力膜面积，腔面积及面积狭窄百分率，术后仅用阿司匹配及抵克力得低替过度抗凝治疗。结果：血管内超声检查表明术后再狭窄组的最小腔内径腑腔面积小于非狭窄组，6个月后，再狭窄组的最小腔内径缩小伴随面积再狭窄率的增加及腔面积的下降，11例再狭窄发生于支架内最小腔内径（术后）＜3mm，而32例支架内最小腔内径（术后）≥3mm中仅1例发生再狭窄（3．1％）， 血管内超声发现12例支架边缘内膜撕裂及8例斑块脱垂，其中8例发生于最小腔内径＜3mm者都发展为再狭窄。10例再狭窄位于支架边缘，结论：支架后超声检查显示支架最小内径未达3mm者，支架内斑块脱垂者，支架两端有内膜撕裂者术后6个月再狭窄率上升。     

血管内超声在缺血性脑血管疾病支架置入过程中的应用与评价

目的:脑血管内支架置入已逐渐成为治疗缺血性脑血管疾病一种重要方法,但支架置入后的再狭窄成为当前疾病治疗的主要局限.为此对超声在判断和减少血管支架置入再狭窄的应用效果和价值进行探讨.方法:由第一作者检索维普数据库和中国期刊全文数据库有关缺血性脑血管疾病支架置入的超声评价方面的文献,共检索到22篇文献,对资料进行初审,最终纳入6篇进行分析.纳入标准:①血管内超声在颈动脉支架置入前的应用.②血管内超声指导支架置入及其效果评价.③彩色多普勒超声及经颅彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉支架置入后近期及远期效果的评价.排除标准:较陈旧的文献和重复研究.结果:①血管内超声在支架置入前可精确测量血管管腔的狭窄程度、狭窄长度及血管腔面积,以便选择大小、长度适合的支架,指导支架行之有效的放置.②血管内超声探头可以观察到支架扩张是否完全,扩张后的支架是否对称,精确测量扩张后支架的大小以及支架与血管壁的紧贴程度.③彩色多普勒超声及经颅彩色多普勒超声可以监测血管支架置入后的近期及远期效果,早期发现、早期治疗,减少血管再狭窄的发生.明确血管支架内发生再狭窄的原因,指导对支架内发生再狭窄的治疗,降低再狭窄的发生率,进一步改善支架置入效果.结论:血管内超声弥补了数字减影血管造影的不足,在其指导下的支架置入可获得较大的支架面积和较小的再狭窄率.在血管支架置入后,血管内超声可准确检测支架的扩张程度及血管壁内贴壁情况,彩色多普勒超声及经颅彩色多普勒超声定 期监测支架内的血流情况,对血管内支架置入后再狭窄的评估及预防再狭窄具有重要的应用价值.     

血管内超声在冠状动脉支架置入术的应用与护理

目的探讨冠状动脉血管内超声（ivus）在冠状动脉支架置入术的应用与护理。方法选择50例拟在血管内超声下行冠状动脉支架置入术的患者,观察其置入效果。结果在血管内超声下行冠状动脉支架置入术的患者共置入支架63枚,术后1年再狭窄3例,占6％。结论IVUS可清晰显示冠脉内血管的斑块特点、偏心程度、血管腔径、血管腔面积及斑块面积,在支架置入前可指导选择支架的大小,支架置入后可观察支架的位置、贴壁睛况,支架扩张是否充分,是评价冠脉支架置入较理想的方法。     

血管内超声指导小血管病变支架置入的临床应用

目的　观察血管内超声指导小血管病变支架置入的临床疗效 ,评价其应用价值。方法　 10 2例冠脉造影确定的小血管病变患者 ,随机分为冠脉造影指导组 (冠脉造影组 )和血管内超声指导组 (超声组 ) ,血管内超声组在血管内超声指导下置入支架 ,冠脉造影组在单纯冠脉造影指导下置入支架 ,根据各自不同的判定标准 ,对支架置入达不到理想标准的再次行高压球囊扩张或加置支架。在支架置入前、置入后即刻和术后 6个月不同时间定量冠脉造影测定病变长度、直径或面积狭窄率、病变最小血管直径 (MLD)、参照血管直径 ,观察 6个月内的再狭窄率和不良心血管事件。结果　冠脉造影组 5 2例患者 4 9例成功置入支架 ,超声组 5 0例患者全部完成血管内超声检查 ,4 8例成功置入支架。超声组和冠脉造影组比较 :支架置入前 ,两组所选支架长度、内径大小有显著差异 ;支架置入后即刻 ,超声组和冠脉造影组病变MLD分别是 (2 .78± 0 .30 )mm、(2 .5 0± 0 .2 7)mm ,直径狭窄率分别是 (8± 3) %、(12± 5 ) % (P <0 .0 1) ;6个月随访时超声组和冠脉造影组再狭窄率分别是 2 5 %、4 6 % (P <0 .0 1) ,总不良心血管事件分别是 6例(12 % )和 17例 (32 .7% ) (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　血管内超声指导小血管病变支架置入能获得较好的临床效果 ,安     

颈动脉内支架置入后家免血小板活化及相关因子的变化

背景：关于炎性反应和炎症因子与颅内外血管狭窄支架成型后发生血管再狭窄的研究中涉及其病理生理机制各家说法不一。目的：观察家兔颈动脉内支架置入后血小板活化及相关因子的变化。设计、时间及地点：观察性实验，于200803／09在河南大学神经生物研究所完成。材料：家兔26只，雌雄不拘，体质量2．1～2．9kg；国产铂铱合金支架由铂90％和10％铱合金制成，为金属丝直径0．13mm单丝缠绕的螺旋形结构。将支架浸入100g／L明胶溶液中经干燥后制成明胶蛋白涂层支架。方法：动物用戊巴比妥钠麻醉（30mg／kg），分离暴露右侧颈动脉，将支架置入右颈动脉近端，置入后给予青霉素80万IU，d静脉注射，置入前应用阿司匹林和氯吡格雷的双抗血小板治疗。主要观察指标：支架置入前即刻、 置入后0．5h，6d，1个月和6个月的外周血中分别检测活化血小板糖蛋白GPⅡb，Ⅲa抗原决定簇、血小板活化标记物P选择素、血小板一单核细胞聚集体及白细胞介素6的变化。结果：26只家兔均进入结果分析。支架置入后0．5h，6d和1个月时血小板活化血小板糖蛋白GPⅡb／ Ⅲa抗原决定簇、血小板活化标记物P-选择素和血小板单核细胞聚集体较置入前即刻升高（P〈0．05）；白细胞介素6在支架置入后6d，1个月和6个月时较置入前即刻升高（P〈0．05）。结论：家兔颈动脉内支架置入后仍存在血小板活化与聚集，而白细胞介素6长期维持在高位水平可能与支架置入后血管内发生再狭窄密切相关。     

血管内超声在冠状动脉支架置入中的应用与评价

目的:冠状动脉内支架置入已经成为以导管为基础的冠状动脉(冠脉)狭窄性疾病治疗的主要方法,支架置入后血管内皮细胞增生已成为当前疾病治疗的主要局限.本文将对血管内超声在减少和判断冠脉支架置入后发生再狭窄的应用效果和价值进行探讨.方法:由本文第一作者榆索Pubmed数据库和中国期刊全文数据库有关冠脉支架置入的血管内超声评价方面的相关文献,共检索到44篇文献,对资料进行初审,纳入标准:①血管内超声在冠脉支架置入前的应用.②血管内超声对冠脉支架置入效果的评价.排除标准:较陈旧的文献和重复研究.最终纳入13篇文献进行分析讨论.结果:①血管内超声可在支架置入前确定靶血管的狭窄稃度、血管及血管腔的大小和面积,帮助选择大小长度适合的支架,指导支架正确而有效的放置.血管内超声要求在支架选择与血管内径匹配上尽可能使支架最小内径不小于3mm,尽力避免或减少支架两端的内膜撕裂和支架内斑块脱垂.②在支架置入后支架扩张不完全,与血管壁贴靠不良是置入后再狭窄发生的主要原因,血管内超声可以立即观察到支架是否完全扩张,扩张后的支架是否对称,精确测量扩张后支架的大小以及支架与血管壁的紧贴程度.明确冠脉支架内发生再狭窄特点,指导对支架内发生再狭窄的治疗,降低再次再狭窄发生率,进一步改善支架置入效果.结论:血管内超声弥补了冠脉造影的不足,在其指导下的支架置入可获得较大的支架面积和较小的再狭窄率,在冠脉支架置入后,血管内超声可准确检测支架的扩张及血管壁内贴壁情况,对冠脉内支架置入后再狭窄的评估具有极其重要的应用价值.     

血管内超声显像在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病支架置入中的应用（英文）

背景：支架扩张不充分以及与操作相关的异常病变形态是支架内再狭窄以及急性、亚急性和慢性支架内血栓形成的重要原因。目的：观察应用血管内超声指导支架置入能否获得更大的支架内管腔面积,能否发现更多与操作相关的并发症。设计、时间及地点：回顾性病例分析,于2004-01/2005-02在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院心脏中心进行。对象：选择50例患者的52处在血管内超声指导下行支架置入的病变进行分析。入选患者均为自体冠状动脉非弥漫性病变,血管直径≥2.5mm,严重的左主干病变除外。方法：50例患者的52处病变在支架置入前后分别用血管造影和血管内超声进行定量和定性分析,并根据血管内超声标准决定支架的直径以及置入的终点。主要观察指标：分析血管造影和血管内超声对支架置入终点判断的差异和最终获得的管腔面积大小的差别。结果：①血管内超声判断的平均支架直径大于血管造影（P=0.011）,支架囊的最终峰值压力明显增大（P〈0.001）,定量冠状动脉造影测得的支架面积狭窄百分比减小（P=0.044）。②首次高压扩张后支架满意率血管造影达96.2%,而血管内超声只有37.7%。③血管内超声指导后最终的球囊压力更高（P〈0.001）,获得的管腔直径更大（P〈0.001）,管腔面积也更大（P〈0.001）,面积狭窄百分比更小（P〈0.001）。④所有患者支架的近段和远段血管造影均未发现明显的狭窄。而血管内超声却发现支架近段血管有39例（75.0%）,远段血管有23例（44.2%）存在动脉粥样硬化斑块。⑤支架置入后非脂质斑块较脂质斑块获得的管腔面积更大（P〈0.001）,其中脂质斑块血管面积增大较非脂质斑块小1.30mm^2,斑块压缩程度却增加0.48mm^2。结论：血管内超声能更好地指导支架选择,获得更大的管腔面积,也能更精确地发现操作相关的并发症。     

小型猪颈动脉支架和球囊扩张的血管内超声研究

目的 应用血管内超声(IVUS)探讨小型猪颈动脉支架和球囊扩张后冉狭窄机制.方法 12只中国广西巴马小型猪高脂饲养后随机分两组,每组6只.一组于左侧颈动脉置入7枚支架,另一组于左侧颈动脉行球囊扩张,并于术前、术后即刻、术后13周进行一系列IVUS和DSA检查.结果 13周后IVUS显示支架组和球囊组血管面积分别狭窄(18.31±7.79)%和(37.28±7.89)%.支架内再狭窄与支架内膜增生明显相关(r=0.897,P<0.05);球囊扩张后再狭窄与外弹力膜面积减少显著相关(r=0.856,P <0.05).结论 支架再狭窄与血管内膜过度增生有关,球囊扩张再狭窄与外弹力膜减少有关.     

锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞的血管内支架治疗

目的 探讨应用血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病的临床疗效。方法 11例锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞的患者进行了血管内支架成形术治疗，分别置入国产内支架6枚，进口内支架5枚，进口血管内支架选用Wallstent、Memotherm及Symphony，国产血管内支架类似Wallstent。结果 11例患者中10例成功地完成了血管内支架成形术，其中5例患者中的6条病变血管中置入6枚国产血管内支架，5例患者中的5条病变血管中置入5枚进口血管内支架，病变血管开放获得满意，上肢脉搏血压恢复正常，1例锁骨下动脉闭塞的患者，因导丝穿破血管进入纵隔而放弃治疗。术后随访时间为6～39个月，其中1例置入血管内支架在5个月复查时出现再狭窄，经球囊扩张后16个月复查血管开放良好。结论 血管内支架可有效地治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病，有望成为最主要的治疗手段。     

冠状动脉支架置入后靶血管病变与C-反应蛋白变化

背景：冠状动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展与炎症反应密切相关，C-反应蛋白是一项反映机体炎症反应的敏感指标，可用于预测临床预后。目的：探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者行冠状动脉支架置入前血浆C-反应蛋白水平对靶血管病变的预测价值。设计：回顾性病例分析。对象：选择2005—03／2007—03解放军第三0五医院住院的单支或多支血管病变患者82例，稳定型心绞痛30例，急性冠状动脉综合征52例，均符合WHO冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的诊断标准。方法：所有患者均接受单支血管经皮冠状动脉心血管支架置入，置入前采血测定基础血浆c反应蛋白水平，根据具体值将患者分为C-反应蛋白〈3．0mg／L33例和C-反应蛋白≥3．0mg／L49例。置入后12个月复查冠状动脉造影，支架内及支架两端5mm范围内管腔直径丢失≥50％为支架内再狭窄，其他部位新出现的病变使管腔狭窄≥30％为新生血管病变。主要观察指标：支架内再狭窄及靶血管病变与C-反应蛋白水平的关系。结果：C-反应蛋白〈3．0mg／L的33例患者支架内再狭窄率为6．1％，显著低于C反应蛋白≥3．0mg／L的49例患者支架内再狭窄率18.4％（P〈0．01）。C-反应蛋白〈3．0mg／L的33例患者靶血管新生病变率为3．0％（1／33），亦明显低于C-反应蛋白≥3．0mg／L的49例患者靶血管新生病变率6．1％（P〈0．05）。结论：经皮冠状动脉心血管支架置入前基础C-反应蛋白水平与置入后1年支架内再狭窄及靶血管新生病变的发生呈正相关。     

血管内超声分析重复支架术有或无联合冠脉内放疗对患者支架内再狭窄复发的作用

目的　系列血管内超声 (IVUS)分析重复支架术 (RS)有或无联合冠脉内的放射治疗 (IRT)对支架内再狭窄 (ISR)患者再狭窄复发的作用。方法　 99例 ISR的患者经 RS治疗后随机分为 1 92 Ir放疗组 (n=5 7)和对照组 (n=4 2 ) ,行系列冠脉造影和 IVUS检查 ,分别测量支架、管腔及增生内膜的面积和容积。结果　随访 6月 ,冠脉造影显示放疗组较对照组再狭窄复发率低。两组基线和随访的支架最小面积、平均面积和容积均无变化。两组在随访 6月支架最小腔内面积、平均腔内面积和管腔容积均减小 ,平均增生内膜面积和增生内膜容积均增加 ,但对照组比放疗组的变化更明显。结论　系列 IVUS证实 :IRT抑制新生的内膜形成 ,RS联合 IRT较 RS不联合 IRT更有效减少患者的 ISR复发     

Comparison of intravascular ultrasonic imaging with versus without incomplete stent apposition at follow-up after drug-eluting stent implantation

BACKGROUND: Incomplete stent apposition (ISA) at follow-up has been reported to be more common after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation than after bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation. The aim of this study was to use intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to evaluate the coronary characteristics after drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with ISA at follow-up. METHODS: From the IVUS database of our institute, a total of 89 patients with 125 native lesions who underwent DES implantation into de novo lesions with IVUS imaging at 6-month follow-up were identified, and 15 (16.9%) patients had documented ISA at follow-up by IVUS. The ISA group was compared with a matched control group of patients (n = 30) who had no evidence of ISA at follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 15 documented ISA at follow-up after DES implantation, two located at the edge (within 5 mm from stent margin) while 13 in the body of the stent. The maximum area and arc of ISA measured 5.3 +/- 2.2 mm(2) and 163 +/- 67 degrees , respectively. In patients with ISA, the maximum EEM area of stent segment with ISA was significantly larger than the adjacent stent segment without ISA (24.1 +/- 3.3 vs. 20.1 +/- 3.1 mm(2), P = 0.002), while stent area, plaque plus media (P&M) area and intrastent lumen area were comparable (P > 0.05). Compared to the matched control cohort without ISA at follow-up, the maximum EEM area was also significantly larger (24.1 +/- 3.3 vs. 18.8 +/- 4.2 mm(2), P < 0.001), while the areas of reference EEM and lumen, stent, P&M behind the stent, intimal hyperplasia and intrastent lumen were all comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: ISA at follow-up after DES implantation for de novo coronary lesions was associated with a larger EEM area.     

血管内超声评价冠心病患者冠状动脉支架功能

目的应用IVUS显像评价MultiLink支架植入后6个月追踪结果和对比MultiLink新、旧设计类型支架植入后的变化。方法75例植入MultiLink(GaidantCorporation)支架后6个月IVUS进行检查。在支架植入前,之后立即和6个月均进行冠状动脉造影。患者分成两组第一代MultiLink支架40例;第二代MultiLink支架35例。结果第二代MultiLink支架最小内膜面积大于第一代MultiLink支架(P＝0.0053)。平均最小内膜直径两组具有明显差别,(2.17±0.33)mm与(2.37±0.28)mm,P＝0.011。第二代MultiLink支架区新生内膜增殖面积和最大内膜增殖厚度均比第一代MultiLink支架小。第一代MultiLink支架具有较高的斑块面积百分数。结论新的设计类型MultiLink支架在决定支架再狭窄主要因素最小内膜直径和内膜面积方面获得了显著改善。     

药物球囊治疗冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的临床疗效

目的探讨药物球囊治疗冠状动脉支架内再狭窄后病变血管内膜腔的变化。 方法选取2016年5月至2017年12月确诊的不稳定型心绞痛患者，其在东南大学医学院附属江阴医院曾接受经皮冠状动脉药物洗脱支架植入术，因心绞痛再次接受冠状动脉造影检查，确定为支架内再狭窄的患者96例作为研究对象，将患者分为药物球囊治疗组（47例）及支架植入组（49例），比较术后即刻最小内膜腔面积、支架最小截面积、支架膨胀率等，术后12个月复查冠状动脉造影及血管内超声检查，比较两组心血管事件、最小内膜腔面积、支架最小截面积、内膜增生面积等。 结果经冠状动脉造影及血管内超声检查：药物球囊治组疗术后即刻靶病变最小内膜腔面积和支架最小截面积均小于支架植入组［（10.8±2.8）mm² vs （11.8±3.2）mm²；（11.2±2.9）mm² vs （12.0±3.2）mm²］，差异具有统计学意义（t=2.112、1.987，P=0.025、0.042）；支架相对膨胀率药物球囊治疗组低于支架组（86.7% vs 90.3%），差异具有统计学意义（χ²=2.012，P=0.045）。术后随访12个月，药物球囊治疗组发生心血管事件7例，支架植入组心血管事件9例，2组差异无统计学意义（P=0.699）；药物球囊治疗组与支架植入组支架植入处最小内膜腔面积［（10.6±2.6）mm² vs （10.8±2.7）mm²］比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.896）；2组患者支架植入处内膜均有增生，但药物球囊治疗组与支架植入组内膜增生面积［（0.30±0.12）mm² vs （0.39±0.15）mm²］比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.845）；药物球囊治疗组与支架植入组支架最小截面积［（10.9±2.7）mm² vs （11.2±3.0）mm²］比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.723）。 结论药物球囊治疗支架内再狭窄后12个月其靶病变血管最小内膜腔面积、支架最小截面积、内膜增生面积与支架植入组相当，临床应用安全可靠。     

Response of renal and femoropopliteal arteries to Palmaz stent implantation assessed with intravascular ultrasound.

PURPOSE: To establish the processes responsible for late lumen loss in renal and femoropopliteal Palmaz stents using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS: The first 7 consecutive patients treated with stents for renal (n = 4) and femoropopliteal (n = 3) arterial occlusive disease were studied with IVUS immediately after angiographically successful stent placement (< 10% residual stenosis) and periodically during follow-up. Images of both stent edges and the most stenotic site inside the stent at followup were matched to the same cross sections captured immediately after stent placement for quantitative analysis. RESULTS: Late lumen loss in renal artery stents at 5 to 34 months was considerably less than in femoropopliteal stents (17% versus 62%, respectively). In the renal location, late lumen loss (3.0 +/- 1.3 mm2) was due to neointimal hyperplasia, whereas stent area remained unchanged (3% decrease). Late lumen loss (7.4 +/- 8.2 mm2) in femoropopliteal stents was due to neointimal hyperplasia and stent area reduction (26%). Overall, in both types of arteries, neointimal development and stent area reduction were larger at the most stenotic site than at the stent edges. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that there may be differences between renal and femoropopliteal arteries in the extent of hyperplastic response to stents.     

Incidence of Stent Under-Deployment as a Cause of in-Stent Restenosis in Long Stents

Although stent under-deployment (SU) has been associated with increased risk of in-stent restenosis, little data have been reported on the incidence of SU in patients presenting with clinical in-stent restenosis. In 59 patients referred for vascular brachytherapy and showing angiographic in-stent restenosis, we sought (1) to determine the incidence of SU using standard intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) criteria (2) to evaluate the effects of repeat angioplasty on further stent expansion. Stented length was 32+/-17 mm and diameter stenosis was 75+/-14%. Before re-intervention, the incidence of reduced absolute values of minimal stent cross-sectional area (MSCSA) varied from 69% (< or =8 mm2) to 15% (< or =5 mm2). After re-intervention, the incidence decreased to 24% (< or =8 mm2) (p = 0.0001) and 0% (< or =5 mm2) (p = 0.005). Before re-intervention, SU as assessed by relative criteria varied from 21% (80% mean reference lumen area or 90% minimum distal reference lumen area) to 28% (100% minimum reference lumen area). After re-intervention, the incidence of SU varied from 7% (90% minimum distal reference lumen area) (p = 0.0001 vs. pre) to 24% (55% mean reference EEM area) (p = ns). No change in strut apposition (97% pre vs. 100% post) nor in symmetry index (100% pre vs. post) was noted. From all criteria, the 90 and 100% minimum reference lumen area criteria were the most altered by repeat balloon dilatation, 21% pre vs. 7% post and 28% pre vs. 11% post, respectively. In conclusion, among patients presenting with severe angiographic in-stent restenosis, a significant number showed signs of SU whose incidence varied according to applied criteria. Significant stent re-expansion can be obtained following IVUS-guided repeat angioplasty irrespective of initial SU criteria.     

Serial angiographic and intravascular ultrasound evaluation to interrogate the presence of late ��catch-up�� phenomenon after cypher? sirolimus-eluting stent implantation

Despite the expressive reduction in the intimal hyperplasia (IH) formation after DES implantation at the mid-term, late restenosis has been recently noticed. Our objective was to determine, by means of serial angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at two different time points, whether the occurrence of the "late catch-up" phenomenon occurs after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation. Thirty-eight non-complex patients treated with a single 18-mm SES who had systematic serial QCA and IVUS analyses at mean 8 and 20?months were enrolled. Primary endpoint is to evaluate the temporal course of IH formation after SES implantation, by comparing QCA in-stent late loss and IVUS percent IH obstruction between the invasive follow-ups. Mean cohort age was 59.3?years and 31.6% were diabetics. Baseline reference vessel diameter was 2.8 ± 0.4?mm and lesion length was 11.5 ± 3.5?mm. Left anterior descending artery was the most frequent target vessel (55.3%). Between 8 and 20?months, a non-significant increase in in-stent late loss from 0.10 ± 0.18 to 0.15 ± 0.30?mm (P?=?0.38) was observed. By IVUS, a slight increase in the percent IH obstruction (1.03 ± 2.13 to 1.76 ± 1.87%, P?=?0.12) was detected between the two evaluations. Interestingly, all the neoformed tissue accrued from 8 to 20?months accumulated in the distal portion of the stent. In the non-complex scenario, SES implantation was associated with a minimal, non-significant increase in the IH volume between 8 and 20?months.     

Biocompatibility of tetramethylpyrazine-eluting stents in normal porcine coronary arteries.

OBJECTIVE: Drug-eluting stents have been used to markedly decrease in-stent restenosis in 6 months, but they are noticed due to the late thrombogenicity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of Tetramethylpyrazine-eluting stents by investigating the intimal response and thrombogenicity in normal porcine coronary arteries by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and histomorphometry. METHODS: Bare metal stents (BMS) were uniformly spray-coated with Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP 200 microg) and prepared for TMP-eluting stents (TES). Fourteen coronary arteries in 14 pigs underwent stent implantation. Seven TES were implanted in 7 pigs and 7 BMS in other 7 pigs. The stents were deployed with a stent-to-artery ratio of 1.1-1.2/1.0 in order to induce vascular wall injury. QCA and IVUS were performed before and immediately after the implantations and at 28 days (end time point). The analysis on blood cell count, biochemical parameters, status of behavior of pigs were evaluated before the implantation and at the time of 1 and 28 days. Stented-coronary arteries, stented-coronary arteries related ventricular wall, lung, liver and kidney were harvested after euthanasia of animals at the endpoint. Histopathology and histomorphometry had been done to assess the local toxicity of TES to these organs. RESULTS: All the stents were successfully implanted, however, 4 pigs died of cardiac tamponade or anesthesia. No bone marrow depression and hemolysis was seen. No damage to the function and metabolism of liver and kidney was discovered. No thrombosis was found in control and test groups. Few inflammatory cells were found in the stented-coronary artery walls at each endpoint in both groups. No damage to stented-coronary arteries related ventricular wall, lung, liver and kidney was detected due to TES implantation. Compared with the control group, the neointimal area was significantly reduced in the TES group (60.2+/-23.5% vs 10.0+/-2.1%, P=0.01) by IVUS analysis, but the lumen area in the TES group was increased (4.34+/-0. 93 mm(2) vs 1.29+/-1.02 mm(2), P=0.011), the neointimal area was reduced markedly (1.51+/-0.45 mm(2) vs 4.60+/-1.39 mm(2), P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The biocompatibility of TES in porcine model at 28 days seems to be good and acceptable. Biocompatibility can be evaluated by IVUS and histopathology in a porcine restenosis model.     

血管内超声显像在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病支架置入中的应用

背景:支架扩张不充分以及与操作相关的异常病变形态是支架内再狭窄以及急性、亚急性和慢性支架内血栓形成的重要原因.目的:观察应用血管内超声指导支架置入能否获得更大的支架内管腔面积,能否发现更多与操作相关的并发症.设计、时间及地点:回顾性病例分析,于2004-01/2005-02在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院心脏中心进行.对象:选择50 例患者的52 处在血管内超声指导下行支架置入的病变进行分析.入选患者均为自体冠状动脉非弥漫性病变,血管直径≥ 2.5 mm,严重的左主干病变除外.方法:50 例患者的52 处病变在支架置入前后分别用血管造影和血管内超声进行定量和定性分析,并根据血管内超声标准决定支架的直径以及置入的终点.主要观察指标:分析血管造影和血管内超声对支架置入终点判断的差异和最终获得的管腔面积大小的差别.结果:①血管内超声判断的平均支架直径大于血管造影(P=0.011),支架囊的最终峰值压力明显增大(P < 0.001),定量冠状动脉造影测得的支架面积狭窄百分比减小(P =0.044).②首次高压扩张后支架满意率血管造影达96.2%,而血管内超声只有37.7%.③血管内超声指导后最终的球囊压力更高(P < 0.001),获得的管腔直径更大(P < 0.001),管腔面积也更大(P < 0.001),面积狭窄百分比更小(P < 0.001).④所有患者支架的近段和远段血管造影均未发现明显的狭窄.而血管内超声却发现支架近段血管有39 例(75.0%),远段血管有23 例(44.2%)存在动脉粥样硬化斑块.⑤支架置入后非脂质斑块较脂质斑块获得的管腔面积更大(P < 0.001),其中脂质斑块血管面积增大较非脂质斑块小1.30 mm2,斑块压缩程度却增加0.48 mm2.结论:血管内超声能更好地指导支架选择,获得更大的管腔面积,也能更精确地发现操作相关的并发症.     

紫杉醇药物洗脱支架置入后并发症:6个月随访

背景:紫杉醇药物洗脱支架临床应用的安全性和有效性已经国际临床试验研究证实,在适当放宽病变的入选标准情况下,其再狭窄发生率仍明显低于金属裸支架.目的:通过对应用紫杉醇药物洗脱支架的患者进行冠状动脉造影随访,观察该支架再狭窄发生情况和支架对局部血管的作用,探讨支架材料与宿主的生物相容性.设计:随访观察.单位:解放军总医院心内科.对象:选择2003-05/2005-05解放军总医院心血管内科有冠状动脉介入治疗指征,且行紫杉醇药物洗脱支架置入的冠心病患者297例,男265例,女32例,年龄36～76岁.患者均对治疗和实验知情同意;该实验经医院伦理委员会批准.方法:全部患者置入美国Boston Scientific生产的紫杉醇药物洗脱支架.患者支架术后6和12个月回院复查,并于术后6个月行冠状动脉造影,测量数据包括:靶血管参考管径、最小管腔直径,计算直径狭窄率、晚期管腔丢失情况.主要观察指标:紫杉醇药物洗脱支架置入后6个月冠状动脉造影结果,随访支架材料与宿主的生物相容性.结果:①冠状动脉造影定量分析结果:冠状动脉造影随访时,晚期管腔支架内丢失显著高于支架近端边缘及支架远端边缘,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).②支架再狭窄的随访:6个月时冠动脉造影有14例发生再狭窄,再狭窄发生率为10.4%(14/134).再狭窄的类型以支架内弥漫性再狭窄7例.再血管化率为6.7%.③支架动脉瘤形成:冠状动脉造影随访时显示支架部位有小动脉瘤形成1例,动脉瘤发生率为0.75%(1/134).④心血管不良事件:支架置入后1例4个月发生猝死,猝死发生率为0.34%(1/297).支架置入后5d发生支架内亚急性血栓形成1例,发生率0.34%(1/297).术后12个月晚期血栓形成2例,总心血管不良事件发生率为1.35%.结论:①紫杉醇药物洗脱支架的管腔丢失主要在支架内,置入后再狭窄以支架内弥漫性多见,心血管不良事件发生率较低.②紫杉醇药物洗脱支架可导致靶病变血管局部小的瘤样扩张.术后及随访结果总体数据显示紫杉醇药物洗脱支架与患者的生物相容性较好.