月见草联合有氧运动对绝经后妇女血脂代谢的影响

目的研究有氧运动配合月见草对绝经后妇女血脂的影响。方法 60位绝经后妇女随机均分为3组,对照组不干预,运动组和运动加月见草综合组进行3个月的有氧运动,运动加月见草综合组同时服用月见草油疗程3个月,干预前后进行血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)测定。结果试验前3组TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验后运动组和综合组TC、LDL-C均低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组;运动月见草综合组的TG低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论月见草结合有氧运动可有效调节绝经后妇女的血脂代谢。     

重庆市某社区老年人血脂血糖水平分析

目的 了解重庆市社区老年人血脂血糖水平和异常状况.方法 对重庆市某社区1 382名60岁以上老年人空腹外周静脉血的血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C和GLU的测定结果进行统计分析.结果 70岁以上,随着年龄的增加HDL-C水平随之升高,GLU水平随之下降;女性血脂4项指标值均高于男性,血糖无性别间差异;60～70岁组的GLU、70～80岁组的TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C以及80岁以上组的TC、HDL-C和LDL-C的均值都为女性高于男性;血脂血糖异常检出率中女性的TG高于男性,差异具有统计学意义,其他指标的差异无统计学意义.结论 应对老年人进行定期血糖、血脂检查,宣传教育如何有效改善饮食结构,改变不良生活方式,提高自我保健意识等来预防高血脂高血糖的发生发展.     

混合干预对民航飞行员高脂血症控制的研究

目的初步探讨药物加饮食运动干预对民航飞行人员高脂血症的控制效果,为减少用药周期提供依据。方法将52例高脂血症飞行员随机分为药物干预组(17例)、饮食运动干预组(17例)和混合(先药物后饮食运动)干预组(18例),测量它们干预前后的血脂水平。结果干预前后比较:(1)药物干预组TG和HDL-C有显著性差异(P<0.01),TC有显著性差异(P<0.05),LDL-C相差不显著(P>0.05);(2)饮食运动干预组除TG有显著性差异外(P<0.05),其余3项均无显著性差异(P>0.05);(3)混合干预组TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C 4项均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论混合干预方法比单纯药物和单纯饮食运动干预效果更好,是值得推广的高脂血症预防控制措施。     

中老年患者胆囊结石与血脂水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨>45周岁的中老年患者胆囊结石与血脂水平的关系.方法:以172例中老年胆囊结石患者作为胆囊结石组,以68例中老年健康体检者为对照组,分析比较两组之间及胆囊结石组患者血脂水平的差异.结果:胆囊结石组的总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均明显高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平明显低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胆囊结石组中女性患者TC、TG、LDL-C明显高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:胆囊结石的发生与血脂有密切关系.     

孕期体质量管理对高危妊娠孕妇糖脂代谢及妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨孕期体质量管理对高危妊娠孕妇糖脂代谢及妊娠结局的影响。方法 选取2017年5月—2019年5月医院进行产检的200例高危孕妇,根据体质量管理情况将常规产检孕妇105例作为对照组,接受孕期体质量管理的孕妇95例为观察组。采用全自动生化分析仪测定干预前后孕妇血液标本中糖脂代谢指标血糖(GLU)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密低脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、高密低脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)水平,记录并比较两组孕妇孕期并发症发生情况,记录孕妇不良妊娠结局发生情况。结果 观察组妊娠不良总发生率56.84%显著低于对照组的78.09%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与干预前比较,干预后对照组、观察组孕妇外周血中GLU、TG、TC、LDL-C、ApoB水平均显著降低,HDL-C显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后与对照组比较,观察组孕妇外周血GLU、TG、TC、LDL-C、ApoB水平均显著降低,HDL-C显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组孕妇新生儿窒息发生率显著降低,新生儿出生1 min、5...     

幽门螺杆菌感染对空腹血糖、血脂及TG/HDL-C的影响

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌感染对空腹血糖、血脂、甘油三脂/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDL-C)的影响。方法选择2015年12月-2016年1月于体检中心进行体检的健康人员71名,根据14 C-尿素呼气试验(14 CUBT)结果分为Hp阳性组(即观察组,21例)、Hp阴性组(即对照组,50例);比较各组一般情况、空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、TG/HDL-C水平;数据采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果两组受试者在年龄、血压、体质量指数(BMI)等方面差异无统计学意义;FBG水平:观察组(5.11±0.39)mmol/L,高于对照组的(4.80±0.34)mmol/L(P<0.05);TG水平:观察组(1.44±0.75)mmol/L,高于对照组的(1.08±0.60)mmol/L(P<0.05);TC水平:观察组(4.90±0.82)mmol/L,高于对照组的(4.43±0.83)mmol/L(P<0.05);TG/HDL-C水平:观察组1.41±0.96,高于对照组的0.95±0.79(P<0.05);HDL-C、LDL-C水平两组差异无统计学意义。结论幽门螺杆菌感染可导致空腹血糖水平升高,与血脂紊乱相关,且可以增加胰岛素抵抗水平。     

社区综合干预对高血脂症患者血脂水平的改善作用研究

目的探讨社区综合干预对高血脂症患者血脂水平的改善作用。方法将152例高血脂患者随机分为对照组和干预组,每组各76例,对照组给予常规治疗,干预组在对照组的基础上给予社区综合干预,比较两组干预后的临床效果。结果与干预前比较,对照组患者TC、LDL-C水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),干预组患者TC、TG和LDL-C水平显著降低,HDL-C水平显著升高,干预组血脂水平改善更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与干预前比较,两组患者饮食依从性、用药依从性和运动依从性显著提高,干预组改善更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);干预后,干预组患者心理功能、躯体功能、社会功能和物质生活状态评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论社区综合干预可以显著改善高血脂症患者的血脂水平,提高行为依从性和患者的生活质量。     

"3+X"家庭医生团队对老年糖尿病患者健康管理的效果评价

目的 评价"3+X"家庭医生团队服务对老年糖尿病患者健康管理的效果.方法 以苏州高新区狮山街道参与社区体检的70～80岁糖尿病患者为研究对象,按照是否加入"3+X"家庭医生签约管理项目分为管理组和对照组,管理组实行"3+X"家庭医生团队服务持续干预2年.采用问卷调查一般人口学信息、身高、体重、腰围、糖尿病家族史、心脑血管病及肾脏疾病的既往史和用药史;对干预前后的心率、吸烟和饮酒状况、血压值、血糖(Glu)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和血糖控制率等进行比较.结果 管理组523例,对照组157例,管理组平均年龄(70.9±4.5)岁,低于对照组(72.9±5.9)岁,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).基线调查,除管理组心率[(74.39±14.41)/min]低于对照组[(71.83±11.91)/min],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)外,两组BMI、Glu、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平和吸烟率、饮酒率等指标差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).管理后,与基线水平相比,首次体检对照组Glu、TG和LDL-C水平均升高,管理组心率、HDL-C水平上升、Glu降低;且管理组Glu、TG和LDL-C均低于对照组,血糖控制率(34.23％)高于对照组(4.46％);以上差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 "3+X"家庭医生团队项目对社区老年糖尿病患者的血糖与血脂干预效果较好.     

早期糖尿病肾病患者血清chemerin与血糖及血脂代谢之间的相关性分析

目的探讨血清chemerin与糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)患者血糖、血脂代谢、尿微量白蛋白之间的关系及其在DN发生发展中的作用。方法 2012年3-6月选取糖尿病患者66例为糖尿病组,根据尿微量白蛋白排泄率分为3个亚组:正常白蛋白尿(normal albuminuria,NAU)亚组、微量白蛋白尿(microalbuminuria,MAU)亚组和临床蛋白尿(clinic albuminuria,CAU)亚组,另选18例健康体检者作为健康对照组(healthy control,HC)组。检测各组血清chemerin、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与血脂指标(TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C)。结果糖尿病组血清chemerin、hsCRP、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-C的水平均高于HC组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而HDL-C显著低于HC组(P<0.05)。CAU亚组、MAU亚组与NAU亚组比较,hsCRP、HbA1c、TG、TC、LDL-C的水平均显著升高,3组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而HDL-C显著降低(P<0.05)。在糖尿病组中,血清chemerin与hsCRP(r=0.43,P<0.05)、TG(r=0.56,P<0.05)、TC(r=0.52,P<0.05)、LDL-C(r=0.36,P<0.05)、HbA1c(r=0.50,P<0.05)、微量白蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion rate,UAER)(r=0.66,P<0.05)均呈正相关,HDL-C(r=-0.55,P<0.05)呈负相关。结论血清chemerin与血糖控制水平、HbA1c及高脂血症与DN尿微量白蛋白关系密切。     

运动结合饮食疗法对糖尿病肾病患者FPG、HbA1 c、TG、25羟维生素D等指标的影响

目的探讨运动结合饮食疗法对糖尿病肾病患者空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、甘油三酯(TG)、25羟维生素D等指标的影响。方法选择2015年1月-2017年12月入院治疗的糖尿病肾病患者122例,根据治疗方案不同分为对照组(n=61例)和观察组(n=61例)。对照组采用结沙坦药物治疗干预,观察组在对照组基础上联合运动结合饮食疗法治疗,两组均进行3个月治疗干预,治疗完毕后对效果进行评估。测定并比较两组FBG、餐后2 h血糖(PPBG)、Hb A1C、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、尿微量白蛋白、25羟维生素D、BUN、Scr水平。结果治疗前两组血糖、血脂、25羟维生素D、尿微量白蛋白、BUN、Scr水平比较均无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后3个月观察组FPG、PPBG、Hb A1C、TC、TG、LDL-C、尿微量白蛋白、BUN、Scr水平均低于对照组(P0.05),HDL-C、25羟维生素D水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论将运动结合饮食疗法用于糖尿病肾病患者中有助于改善患者血糖、血脂及25羟维生素D水平,值得推广应用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.