毛蜂窝菌多糖提取工艺优化

目的 :对毛蜂窝菌的化学成分进行探究,优化毛蜂窝菌多糖的提取工艺,选出最佳提取工艺条件。方法:采用化学显色方法检视并比较回流提取物以及超声提取物中各类化学成分,并采用紫外分光光度法测定毛蜂窝菌不同提取物中的多糖含量。以此为指标比较不同提取工艺的多糖得率,选出多糖得率较高的提取方法,并通过L_9(3~4)正交表设计试验选出最优提取工艺条件。结果 :采用常规检视方法检出生物碱、甾体类及多糖成分,采用硫酸蒽酮法对不同提取方法的毛蜂窝菌多糖进行含量测定,得回归方程y=35.663x+0.046(r=0.9992)。结果表明在0.00343~0.03429 mg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系。结论 :通过化学检识方法及紫外分光光度法证实毛蜂窝菌的多糖含量较高,测得在物料粒度为40目,以1∶10的料液比例,每次提取30 min,提取2次的条件下,多糖得率最高,为最佳提取工艺。多糖具有较高的临床应用价值,此研究利于开发利用这一药用资源。     

药用真菌桑黄菌丝体多糖提取工艺的研究

目的筛选药用真菌桑黄菌丝体多糖的最佳提取工艺。方法采用正交试验法,对影响桑黄菌丝体多糖的提取工艺因素进行了研究。以煎煮液中水溶性多糖的含量为对照,用苯酚一硫酸法对煎煮液中的桑黄多糖进行含量测定。结果桑黄菌丝体多糖的最佳提取工艺为：用50倍量水,温度为90℃,煎煮2h／次,共2次。结论用此工艺提取水溶性多糖简单、易行,方法重现性好,适合于工业化生产来提取多糖。     

党参多糖的提取工艺研究

目的：确定党参多糖的最佳提取工艺。方法：以多糖提取率为指标,用正交实验法确定党参多糖的最佳提取工艺和醇沉条件。结果：最佳提取工艺料液比为1∶10,提取1.0 h,提取3次;醇沉条件为：提取液浓缩至1 g/mL,加入乙醇至醇沉浓度为80%,醇沉时间为12 h。结论：该工艺简便、稳定、准确,可用于党参多糖的提取。     

超声-微波协同萃取灵芝多糖最佳工艺研究

目的 获得超声-微波协同萃取灵芝多糖最佳工艺.方法 以苯酚-硫酸法测定灵芝多糖的含量,用正交试验考察灵芝多糖的最佳提取工艺.结果 灵芝多糖的最佳提取工艺是提取温度75℃、料液比1:10、浸提时间30min,在此条件下灵芝多糖的提取率为0.95%.结论 利用超声-微波协同萃取灵芝多糖省时,提取率高,该方法为提取灵芝多糖提供了新途径.     

正交试验优选红景天多糖的提取工艺

目的 优选红景天多糖的最佳提取工艺.方法 采用正交设计法筛选红景天多糖最佳提取工艺,用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定其含量.结果 红景天多糖的最佳提取工艺为:提取的料液比1∶15,提取次数3次,提取时间1.5 h,乙醇浓度80%.测得红景天多糖的含量为7.57%,平均回收率98.84%,RSD为1.32%.结论 该方法简便,准确...     

响应面分析法优化发酵虫草菌粉多糖的提取工艺

【目的】采用响应面分析法优化发酵虫草菌粉多糖的提取工艺。【方法】在单因素实验的基础上选取因素与水平,根据中心组合实验Box-Behnken设计原理采用3因素3水平的响应面分析法设计实验。【结果】各因素对多糖提取率的影响次序为:提取温度提取时间料液比;通过经典分析确定了发酵虫草菌粉最佳提取工艺为:提取温度为95℃,料液比为1∶21,提取时间为73 min。在这样的环境下发酵虫草菌粉多糖提取率理论值为4.31%,实际提取率为(4.20±0.1)%。【结论】响应面分析法用于优化发酵虫草菌粉多糖的提取工艺可行,建立的数学模型与实验数据相符。     

泰山四叶参多糖的提取及含量测定

目的:从泰山四叶参中提取多糖并测定多糖含量。方法:经脱脂、醇提后,用水提醇沉法提取多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法测定其含量。结果:泰山四叶参中多糖含量为12.45%,平均回收率为99.12%,RSD=1.49%(n=4)。结论:泰山四叶参多糖含量较高,具有开发利用价值。     

超声提取甘蔗渣多糖的工艺研究

目的：探讨超声提取法从（法）甘蔗渣中提取多糖的工艺条件,为多糖的超声提取提供理论依据。方法：用硫酸-苯酚法测定多糖含量,采用正交试验法研究多糖的提取工艺。结果：最佳工艺为加12倍量水,80℃超声提取60min。结论：超声提取法可用于甘蔗渣多糖的提取。     

丙酮沉淀法提取杠板归多糖的工艺研究

目的:探讨丙酮沉淀法提取杠板归多糖的最佳工艺条件。方法:以杠板归为研究对象,以水为溶剂提取杠板归多糖,提取液用丙酮进行沉淀,选取离心时间、沉淀时间和沉淀剂用量3个因素做单因素进行正交实验,探索最佳提取条件。结果:丙酮加入量75ml、沉淀时间18h和离心时间18min是丙酮沉淀法提取杠板归多糖的最佳工艺条件。结论:确定了丙酮沉淀法提取杠板归多糖的最佳工艺条件。     

超声法提取猪苓总多糖的工艺研究

目的：优选猪苓总多糖的最佳提取工艺。方法：采用苯酚-硫酸法测定总多糖的含量,以猪苓总多糖的含量为考察指标,对超声法提取猪苓多糖进行了优化研究。结果：最佳提取工艺为取猪苓饮片用14倍量的水超声提取3次,每次20min,浓缩液的醇沉浓度为85%。结论：优选的工艺提取率高,稳定可行。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.