小鼠骨生成诱导因子基因逆转录病毒载体的构建及其在293T细胞中的表达

目的构建小鼠骨生成诱导因子（OIF）基因重组逆转录病毒载体,鉴定其在293T细胞中的表达。方法 PCR法扩增OIF-3FLAG基因,测序后克隆入逆转录病毒载体pMSCV PIG（Puro-IRES-GFP）的相应位点,构建重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG,并对重组体进行测序鉴定。应用脂质体分别将PMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG和VSVG、GAG-POL辅助病毒包装载体共转染至293T包装细胞,48h后荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）表达;收集包装细胞上清液,进一步用含有包装病毒的上清液再感染293T细胞,48 h后加入3μg/mL嘌呤霉素（puromycin）,连续7d,筛选病毒感染的稳定表达pMSCVPIG-OIF-3FLAG的293T细胞株,分别采用Real-time PCR技术和Western blotting方法检测293T细胞OIF mRNA及其蛋白表达。结果构建OIF基因逆转录病毒表达载体PMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG,经酶切及测序鉴定证实目的基因插入位点和读码框架正确;病毒感染293T细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选稳定表达小鼠OIF的293T细胞株;Real-time PCR和Western blotting鉴定证实OIF mRNA和蛋白在该细胞株中呈高表达。结论成功构建小鼠OIF基因的逆转录病毒载体,并获得稳定高表达OIF基因的293T细胞株。     

胰腺癌新基因S100P与绿色荧光蛋白融合基因慢病毒载体的构建

目的:构建胰腺癌新基因SLOOP与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)融合基因慢病毒载体.方法:实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法扩增获得SlOOP的全外显子片段.使之克隆到带GFP荧光报告基因慢病毒表达载体质粒中,慢病毒包装质粒和穿棱质粒共转染293T细胞,包装成功后收集上清,浓缩,鉴定.取浓缩纯化后的病毒上清感染293T细胞和宿主胰腺癌细胞.荧光显微镜观察293T细胞的荧光表达,RT-PCR鉴定胰腺癌细胞中SLOOP的表达水平.结果:电泳鉴定结果与目的基因表达条带完全吻合,克隆测序结果与NCBI收录的S LOOP基因序列完全一致.重组慢病毒质粒可高效转染293T细胞.荧光显微镜下可观察到大量绿色荧光.共转染后293T细胞上清可高效感染293T细胞,感染后宿主细胞中S LOOP高表达.结论:成功构建了S LOOP与GFP融合基因慢病毒表达载体,为进一步研究SLOOP基因的相关功能提供了适合的稳定转染载体.     

小窝蛋白-1重组慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建小窝蛋白-1（Cav-1）重组慢病毒载体，并在293T细胞和小鼠中验证Cav-1过表达。方法将Cav-1基因克隆至慢病毒载体GV287，然后利用酶切、PCR扩增鉴定、阳性克隆鉴定及测序验证构建Cav-1重组慢病毒。将Cav-1重组慢病毒转染至293T细胞，通过荧光检测慢病毒转染效果，采用Westernblot法检测Cav-1蛋白表达情况，同时转染C57BL6小鼠，免疫组化法检测小鼠肺组织中Cav-1的表达情况。结果经酶切、PCR扩增鉴定以及阳性克隆测序，提示Cav-1重组慢病毒构建正确。荧光检测显示转染Cav-1重组慢病毒后的293T细胞可见强荧光，Westernblot法检测结果显示目的基因可表达，小鼠肺组织中Cav-1呈强阳性表达，且实时定量PCR检测Cav-1重组慢病毒滴度为1.3×1012copies/ml，达到可利用标准。结论采用本研究方法可成功构建Cav-1重组慢病毒载体。     

人DC-SIGN基因克隆及其转基因细胞的构建

目的克隆人DC-SIGN基因,并构建含有该目的基因的重组逆转录病毒载体,获得稳定表达DC-SIGN分子的L929基因转染细胞。方法利用RT-PCR的方法从人外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞（DC）总RNA中克隆出人DC-SIGN基因,通过双酶切（EcoRI,BamHI）装入逆转录病毒载体pGEZ-Term中,脂质体法共转染包装细胞293T,用含有完整病毒颗粒的293T细胞的培养上清感染L929细胞,72h后,加入Zeocin进行筛选,挑选出能稳定表达DC-SIGN蛋白的L929细胞株。结果构建了用于表达的含DC-SIGN基因的重组逆转录病毒载体,经转染包装细胞293T后,获得具有感染能力的重组DC-SIGN逆转录病毒和转染L929细胞,继而经RT-PCR、流式细胞仪表型检测,筛选出了稳定表达人DC-SIGN蛋白的L929转基因细胞。结论构建了含人DC-SIGN基因重组逆转录病毒载体和稳定表达人DC-SIGN蛋白的细胞株,为该基因功能的后续研究和单克隆抗体的研制奠定了基础。     

小鼠骨生成诱导因子基因逆转录病毒载体的构建及其在293T细胞中的表达

目的 构建小鼠骨生成诱导因子(OIF)基因重组逆转录病毒载体,鉴定其在293T细胞中的表达。方法 PCR法扩增OIF-3FLAG基因,测序后克隆入逆转录病毒载体pMSCV PIG（Puro-IRES-GFP）的相应位点,构建重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG,并对重组体进行测序鉴定。应用脂质体分别将PMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG和VSVG、GAG-POL辅助病毒包装载体共转染至293T包装细胞,48 h后荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）表达;收集包装细胞上清液,进一步用含有包装病毒的上清液再感染293T细胞,48 h后加入3 μg/mL嘌呤霉素（puromycin）,连续7 d,筛选病毒感染的稳定表达pMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG 的293T细胞株,分别采用Real-time PCR技术和Western blotting方法检测293T细胞OIF mRNA及其蛋白表达。结果 构建OIF基因逆转录病毒表达载体PMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG,经酶切及测序鉴定证实目的基因插入位点和读码框架正确;病毒感染293T细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选稳定表达小鼠OIF的293T细胞株;Real-time PCR和Western blotting鉴定证实OIF mRNA和蛋白在该细胞株中呈高表达。结论 成功构建小鼠OIF基因的逆转录病毒载体,并获得稳定高表达OIF基因的293T细胞株。     

人雌激素受体α真核表达载体构建及质粒免疫制备多克隆抗体

目的：克隆构建表达人雌激素受体仅（ERα）的真核表达质粒,并探讨通过质粒免疫的方法制备ERa抗体的可行性。方法：利用RT—PCR方法从MCF一7细胞中克隆出ERα基因,并将其构建在pCDNA3．1载体中,质粒经鉴定为正确后,大量提取重组质粒,利用脂质体转染试剂包裹,肌肉注射免疫BALB／c小鼠,通过测定血清抗ERα效价,观察重组质粒携带ER仪在小鼠体内的表达情况。结果：成功克隆构建了表达ERα的真核载体,细胞内瞬时转染实验证实重组质粒成功表达目的蛋白;通过采用该质粒免疫小鼠,获得了高效价的小鼠多克隆抗体,经验证抗体可识别内源性ERα。结论：采用真核表达质粒进行免疫制备ER仅抗体具有可行性,为进一步通过质粒免疫制备ERα单克隆抗体奠定基础。     

SIRPα-GFP真核表达载体构建及其在HEK293T细胞中的表达

目的：构建信号调节蛋白α-绿色荧光蛋白（SIRPα-GFP）真核表达载体,转染HEK293T细胞获得稳定表达SIRPα-GFP融合蛋白的细胞系,研究SIRPα-GFP融合蛋白在HEK293T细胞的膜定位。方法：将SIRPα质粒和带有GFP的表达载体分别用限制性内切酶MluⅠ和SgfⅠ进行双酶切,将SIRPα基因克隆到pLenti-GFP载体中,构建pLenti-SIRPα-GFP质粒;将pLenti-SIRPα-GFP质粒转化DH5α大肠杆菌感受态细胞,对重组质粒pLenti-SIRPα-GFP进行DNA测序;采用Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂将pLenti-SIRPα-GFP质粒转染到HEK293T细胞中,通过荧光显微镜观察SIRPα-GFP在稳定转染HEK293T细胞中的表达,采用Western blotting法检测HEK293T细胞中SIRPα-GFP融合蛋白的表达。结果：酶切鉴定和DNA测序,重组质粒pLenti-SIRPα-GFP构建成功。荧光显微镜检测,SIRPα-GFP融合蛋白在HEK293T细胞膜上表达。Western blotting法检测,SIRPα蛋白在pLenti-SIRPα-GFP质粒转染的HEK293T细胞中成功表达。结论：成功构建了pLenti-SIRPα-GFP质粒。通过在HEK293T细胞中转染pLenti-SIRPα-GFP质粒,成功制备了稳定表达SIRPα-GFP的细胞系。SIRPα-GFP蛋白定位于HEK293T细胞的细胞膜上。     

mIL-12重组逆转录病毒载体的构建及包装细胞系的建立

目的：构建 mIL-12重组逆转录病毒载体。方法：将 mIL-12 DNA克隆到载体pLEGFP,用该重组质粒转染PA317包装细胞获得重组逆转录病毒。结果：重组质粒pLEGFP-mIL12酶切及PCR产物在2 290 bp区域见强荧光条带与mIL-12基因大小相符;转染PA317细胞后的上清感染NIH3T3细胞后,经共聚焦显微镜能观察到融合蛋白的表达。结论：包装细胞上清中有含mIL-12 DNA的重组逆转录病毒,mIL-12重组逆转录病毒可感染NIH3T3细胞并在细胞中进行有效的复制。     

人肿瘤特异抗原MAGE-3基因疫苗的构建和表达

目的：克隆肿瘤特异性共享抗原mage-3基因，制备基于α－病毒复制酶的高效黑色素瘤特异性基因疫苗。方法：用RT-PCR方法从黑色素瘤细胞系LB373中制备mage-3基因，以含α－病毒复制酶的哺乳细胞高效表达质粒pSMART2a为载体，构建重组DNA疫苗。重组子用载体中的T7和T3启动子序列为测序引物进行自动测序。再将鉴定过的重组质粒用脂质体法转化293细胞，用免疫印迹法和免疫组化法鉴定转化细胞中mage-3蛋白的表达。结果：正确构建了mage-3/pSMART2a重组质粒，并且在转化此质粒的293细胞中检测出了mage-3蛋白的表达。结论：此重组mage-3/pSMART2a质粒可以作为肿瘤特异的DNA疫苗，可进行下一步的肿瘤动物模型的疫苗接种及相关免疫学效应研究。     

携带可诱导共刺激分子基因的重组腺病毒载体构建及其在小鼠间充质干细胞中的表达

目的阻断可诱导共刺激途径协同骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)可能能增强急性移植物抗宿主病(acute graft versus host disease,aGVHD)的防治作用。文中旨在构建携带小鼠可诱导共刺激分子(inducible costimula-tor,ICOS)基因的重组腺病毒载体,转染小鼠骨髓MSCs,为转基因治疗提供实验基础。方法设计含有EcoRⅠ、SalⅠ酶切位点的引物,PCR扩增ICOS,将扩增产物克隆到穿梭质粒PDC318上,筛选阳性克隆,测序鉴定正确,将其与含有5型腺病毒右臂的质粒pPE3-F11B-EGFP在293细胞中同源重组,筛选获得含有ICOS基因的重组腺病毒质粒,行PCR鉴定。重组腺病毒质粒转染293细胞,扩增后用氯化铯密度梯度离心纯化病毒,用50%组织培养感染剂量法测定病毒滴度,并转染小鼠MSCs。结果重组腺病毒质粒经鉴定,证实含有ICOS基因,病毒滴度为6.54×109pfu/ml。转染小鼠MSCs,荧光显微镜下可见较多绿色荧光蛋白表达,流式细胞仪检测ICOS表达率为90.16%。结论成功构建了携带小鼠ICOS基因的重组腺病毒载体,并获得高滴度的病毒,能高效转染小鼠MSCs,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.