Uterine rupture superficial externum--a case report

The article presents a case of external superficial rupture of the uterus--along the left lateral margin--with ruptured posterior lamina of the broad uterine ligament. The complication developed in a 29-year-old patient--following delivery from breech fetal presentation with footling, in 41 hbd, 4th delivery. The patient had no history of any uterine operations, reported no injury to the uterus or inflammations of her sex organs. The symptoms of bleeding into the abdominal cavity and hypovolemic shock developed during early postpartum period. The operation was performed on an emergency basis: postpartum hysterectomy without adnexa was performed. Postoperative course was complicated, the patient developed superficial thrombophlebitis in the left leg. The patient and her healthy baby were released home on 24th day following the delivery and operation.     

宫腔球囊填塞导致子宫破裂一例并文献复习

目的了解产后出血时宫腔球囊填塞导致子宫破裂的临床特点。 方法回顾分析1例宫腔球囊填塞术导致子宫破裂的诊治经过，并以"产后出血"、"宫腔球囊"、"宫腔填塞"、"子宫破裂"、"Bakri球囊"、"宫缩乏力"、"子宫切除"等为关键词在Medline、万方数据库、维普、中国知网、生物医学文献数据库及Embase生物医学全文数据库2000至2020年收录的文献中进行检索，对本例及文献中宫腔球囊填塞导致子宫破裂患者的诊断及治疗方法进行分析。 结果文献检索连同本例共有9例宫腔球囊填塞导致子宫破裂，其中7例使用Bakri球囊，1例使用BT-Cath球囊，1例使用宫腔球囊。球囊放置指征为阴道分娩后宫缩乏力(3例)、前置胎盘剖宫产后(2例)和晚期产后出血(4例)；7例在宫腔压迫期间发生子宫破裂，2例发生在球囊放置时；5例原发性产后出血伴子宫破裂患者中，4例行子宫修补，1例行子宫切除；4例晚期产后出血伴子宫破裂均行子宫切除术。 结论行宫腔球囊填塞术应警惕发生子宫破裂；应在超声监视下放置球囊；球囊填塞后仍然存在血流动力学不稳定时需考虑子宫破裂。     

Ruptured Degenerating Fibroid Causing Preterm Labour and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

BackgroundFibroids are present in at least 10% of pregnancies and are recognized to cause a variety of complications. A few case reports have described fibroids as an etiological factor in uterine rupture, sometimes with life-threatening hemorrhage.CaseA 28-year-old G1, P0 woman at 20 weeks gestation developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome with acute renal failure and massive ascites secondary to a ruptured degenerated fibroid. This resulted in preterm delivery and neonatal death. At 6 weeks postpartum, she successfully underwent an abdominal myomectomy.ConclusionThis is a rare case of uterine fibroid rupture causing preterm labour and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This report discusses the diagnosis of uterine rupture related to the fibroid with imaging and subsequent management, which included fertility-preserving surgery.     

Post-cesarean delivery fever and uterine rupture in a subsequent trial of labor

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of uterine rupture during a trial of labor after cesarean with postpartum fever after the prior cesarean delivery. METHODS: We conducted a nested, case-control study in a cohort of all women undergoing a trial of labor after cesarean over a 12-year period in a single tertiary care institution. The current study was limited to all women undergoing a trial of labor after cesarean at term with a symptomatic uterine rupture and who also had their prior cesarean at the same institution. Four controls, who all had their prior cesarean at the same institution, were matched to each case by year of delivery, number of prior cesareans, prior vaginal delivery, and induction in the index pregnancy. Medical records were reviewed for maximum postpartum temperature for the previous cesarean. Fever was defined as a temperature above 38C. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed taking into account potential confounding factors. RESULTS: There were 21 cases of uterine rupture included in the analysis. The rate of fever following the prior cesarean was 38% (8/21) among the cases, and 15% (13/84) in the controls, P =.03. Multiple logistic regression analysis examining the association of uterine rupture and postpartum fever adjusting for confounders revealed an odds ratio of 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.0, 15.5. CONCLUSION: Postpartum fever after cesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk of uterine rupture during a subsequent trial of labor.     

Delayed uterine rupture occurred 4 weeks after cesarean section following sexual intercourse: A case report and literature review

ObjectiveSpontaneous delayed uterine rupture is life-threatening and extremely rare following sexual intercourse in postpartum. Here, we present a case of delayed uterine rupture that occurred 4 weeks after cesarean section following intercourse.Case reportA 31-year-old postpartum woman, gravida 4, para 1, abortion 3, underwent a cesarean section for prolonged labor. She was transferred to our hospital in shock status with brisk vaginal bleeding following intercourse 4 weeks after delivery. An emergency subtotal hysterectomy was performed to stop the bleeding. The pathology confirmed tissue necrosis and suture granuloma at the previous surgical wound.ConclusionThe presented case demonstrated that delayed uterine rupture may occur even 4 weeks after delivery following intercourse, without any obvious abdominal pain or infection signs, which deserved the attention of obstetricians.     

Secondary postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine artery pseudoaneurysm rupture in von Willebrand disease

We here report a case of a 33-year-old woman who experienced secondary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to uterine artery pseudoaneurysm rupture. She had intrauterine balloon tamponade for unexplained primary PPH after spontaneous vaginal delivery, and subsequent angiography showed no abnormal contrast extravasation. However, profuse vaginal bleeding occurred 22 days postpartum. Color Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated an anechoic mass with turbulent flow in the lower uterine segment, corresponding to uterine artery pseudoaneurysm. She was successfully treated with selective uterine arterial embolization. Decreased levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII led to the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease. When it is determined that a patient has unexplained PPH or uterine artery pseudoaneurysm, a high index of suspicion and further investigation for underlying bleeding disorders is warranted.     

Is manual palpation of the uterine scar following vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) helpful?

Risk of uterine rupture with trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) is less than one percent. Discovery of uterine rupture often occurs during labor. In our case, the uterine scar is discovered to be ruptured during the postpartum period. The exact cause and time of uterine rupture is difficult to ascertain in this case, yet manual palpation of the uterine scar did not aid in the eventual diagnosis.     

急症子宫切除术在产科大出血中的应用及评价

目的 探讨产科急症子宫切除术在抢救产科大出血中的应用价值。方法 采用回顾性资料分析方法,对我院1990年～2000年间收治的10例因产科急症行子宫切除术患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 10例均为经保守治疗不能控制的产科大出血患者。其中DIC5例,胎盘粘连2例,宫缩乏力、子宫破裂、剖宫产术后晚期子宫切口感染各1例。出血量l500～3870ml,平均2427ml。10例患者均行急症子宫切除术后痊愈出院。相关因素分析显示,孕产次、多胎妊娠、分娩方式等因素与产科急症子宫切除术相关。结论 产科急症子宫切除术是治疗急性产科大出血的有效措施之一。     

Rotura uterina tras parto vaginal con distocia de hombros

Objective

To describe a case uterine rupture after vaginal delivery associated with shoulder dystocia. This case is of interest due to the seriousness and low incidence of this event.

Subjects and methods

Risk factors for uterine rupture and its typical symptoms were analyzed.

Result

We present the differential diagnosis to be performed when postpartum course is poor, as well as the complementary tests and the procedure to be carried out.

Conclusions

We emphasize the importance of including uterine rupture in the differential diagnosis after a dystocic delivery. Early diagnosis is essential since uterine rupture is a potentially catastrophic event and is one of the most important causes of maternal mortality.     

Maternal death after spontaneous rupture of a uterine artery immediately following delivery: a case report

We report the case of a maternal death occurring after spontaneous rupture of a uterine artery immediately following delivery. The patient presented abdominal pain and a collapsus one hour after a normal delivery. Laparotomy revealed massive haemoperitoneum and intraperitoneal bleeding from the right uterine artery. Ligature of the uterine artery and hemostasis hysterectomy were performed but the patient died of multivisceral failure 18 h after the delivery. This is the first case report of maternal death occurring after spontaneous rupture of a uterine artery.     

Ventral hernia with uterine rupture after vaginal delivery

ObjectiveVentral hernia is uncommon during pregnancy and is extremely rare in postpartum women. It leads to a life-threatening emergency.Case reportA 33-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 1, was admitted to our institute with severe abdominal pain and overdistended abdomen immediately after a full-term vaginal delivery. She had a normal prenatal course and denied having any medical and surgical history. The primipara woman with no history of abdominal surgery was diagnosed with a ventral hernia with uterine rupture after vaginal delivery. We performed an emergency laparotomy and primary repair of the uterine rupture and abdominal wall defect. An abdominal binder was provided for the postoperative period. The patient's postoperative period was uncomplicated. She was discharged from the hospital after 12 days.ConclusionIf a patient has hernia-related symptoms or complications, the diagnosis and management of the hernia should be performed as soon as possible, regardless of the onset, to decrease maternal and fetal mortality.     

Dystocia among women with symptomatic uterine rupture

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze cervical dilatation patterns among women with uterine rupture by means of a mathematic model and to use the results to determine optimal intervention criteria. STUDY DESIGN: This was a case-control review that compared a case patient group of 19 women with uterine rupture during labor with control groups with either no previous cesarean deliveries, vaginal birth after cesarean delivery, or failure of attempted vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. The mathematic model quantified dilatation and adjusted for conditions specific to each patient. Case patients were compared with matched control subjects by means of paired t tests, analysis of variance, odds ratios, and conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Dystocia was present in 31.6% to 47.4% of patients with uterine rupture, versus 2.6% to 13.2% of the control group with no previous cesarean deliveries (P< or =.001). The incidence of an arrest disorder among patients with uterine rupture was similar to that seen in the control group with failure of attempted vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. However, the interval from diagnosis to rupture or cesarean delivery was 5.5 +/- 3.3 hours among case patients with uterine rupture and 1.5 +/- 1.3 hours in the control group with failure of attempted vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION: When cervical dilatation was lower than the 10th percentile and was arrested for > or =2 hours, cesarean delivery would have prevented 42.1% of the cases of uterine rupture and resulted in excess 2.6% and 7.9% cesarean delivery rates among women with no previous cesarean deliveries and women with vaginal birth after cesarean delivery, respectively.     

"Silent" rupture of unscarred gravid uterus with subsequent pelvic abscess: successful laparoscopic management

Intrapartum rupture of an unscarred uterus is rare in current times. However, it is still associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Unlike rupture or dehiscence of a previous cesarean scar, which is occasionally bloodless, complete rupture of a gravid unscarred uterus frequently results in fetal jeopardy and significant maternal intraperitoneal bleeding, causes acute abdomen, and demands emergency surgical (laparotomy) intervention. Laparoscopy generally has no role in such circumstances due to the generally unstable maternal hemodynamic condition and the necessity of prompt fetal delivery with an abdominal approach. We present a rare case of intrapartum rupture of an unscarred gravid uterus with an atypical insidious clinical course. The diagnosis of complete uterine rupture was made 20 days after the patient's successful vaginal delivery, at which time a large pelvic abscess formed. The condition was successfully managed laparoscopically. Successful vaginal delivery, even with normal lochia, good uterine contraction, and stable vital signs, does not preclude the possibility of uterine rupture. For patients with unusual postpartum pelvic pain, uterine rupture should be considered as one of the possible etiologic factors, and prompt survey should be performed. Laparoscopic intervention may be valuable in such situations.     

Gestación tras embolización bilateral de arterias uterinas por hemorragia obstétrica

We report a case of normal pregnancy and delivery after bilateral embolization of uterine arteries due to postpartum hemorrhage in a previous pregnancy.The introduction of pelvic arterial embolization in the management of postpartum hemorrhage refractory to medical treatment avoids emergency obstetric hysterectomy, which used to be required in most cases, with the possibility of preserving fertility. Nevertheless, there are still only a few published cases of pregnancies after embolization of both uterine arteries for an obstetric cause.     

Complicated primary cesarean delivery increases the risk for uterine rupture at subsequent trial of labor after cesarean

Purpose

To evaluate whether cesarean delivery (CD) indication, labor status, and other primary CD characteristics affect the risk for uterine rupture in subsequent deliveries.

Methods

A case–control study of women attempting trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) in a single, tertiary, university-affiliated medical center (2007–2016). Deliveries complicated by uterine rupture were matched to successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) deliveries in a 1:3 ratio. Indication, labor status and post-partum complications (postpartum hemorrhage and postpartum infection) at primary CD were compared between study and control group.

Results

During study period, there were 75,682 deliveries, of them, 3937 (5.2%) were TOLAC. Study group included 53 cases of uterine rupture at TOLAC and 159 women with successful VBAC. Women in study group had significantly lower rates of previous VBAC (15.1 vs. 28.9%, p?=?0.047). Rate of postpartum complications at primary CD was significantly higher in women with TOLAC complicated by uterine rupture (7.5 vs. 1.9%, respectively, p?=?0.042). Utilizing the multivariate logistic regression analysis, postpartum complications remained an independent risk factor for uterine rupture in the following TOLAC (aOR 4.07, 95% CI 1.14–14.58, p?=?0.031).

Conclusion

Postpartum hemorrhage and infection, in primary CD, seem to be associated with increased risk for uterine rupture during subsequent TOLAC.

     

子宫破裂的诊断和治疗

子宫破裂可以发生在妊娠的各个时期,分娩期以及产后期。不同的子宫破裂,其临床表现也不尽相同。胎儿监护胎心率、超声以及核磁共振成像等是确诊子宫破裂的重要辅助手段。而治疗时需根据孕产妇及胎儿的不同情况选择个性化的治疗方案。     

瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩时机和分娩方式选择的影响因素分析

目的：探讨瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩时机和分娩方式选择的影响因素。方法：选取2015年1月-2017年12月于深圳市龙华区人民医院妇产科待产并选择阴道试产的瘢痕子宫再次妊娠孕妇228例为研究对象,根据最终分娩方式分为再次剖宫产组（121例）及阴道分娩组（107例）,收集并比较2组孕妇的临床资料。结果：228例孕妇中,107例顺利完成阴道分娩,成功率为46.93%,且所有孕妇均无子宫破裂发生;单因素分析发现,2组孕妇在年龄、文化程度、产前体质量指数（BMI）、距离上次剖宫产时间、阴道分娩史、定期产前检查、使用催产素、瘢痕厚度、现孕周、新生儿体质量等因素间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;多因素分析发现,年龄、产前BMI、距离上次剖宫产时间、阴道分娩史、定期产前检查、瘢痕厚度、新生儿体质量是分娩方式选择的影响因素。结论：瘢痕子宫再次妊娠阴道分娩较为安全,对于35岁以下、BMI＜30 kg/m2、距离上次剖宫产时间超过2年、瘢痕厚度≥3 mm、预计新生儿体质量＜2 500 g且行定期产前检查的瘢痕子宫再次妊娠孕妇可选择阴道分娩。     

Emergency obstetric hysterectomy at two tertiary centers: a clinical analysis of 11 years experience

This was a retrospective clinical study of emergency hysterectomy performed between 1997 and 2007 at two tertiary hospitals to study incidence, indications and maternal mortality. We included all women who required emergency hysterectomy to control major postpartum hemorrhage after delivery, following a pregnancy of at least 24 weeks' gestation, regardless of the mode of delivery. There were 12 emergency hysterectomies, with a frequency of 0.0726% among 16,521 deliveries. Indications included uterine atony (4 cases), uterine rupture (3 cases), uterine retroversion (2 cases), abnormal placentation (2 cases) and amniotic fluid embolization (1 case). The result was two maternal deaths. Although emergency obstetric hysterectomy is a life saving operation, it is associated with high maternal mortality.     

Physician cesarean delivery rates and risk-adjusted perinatal outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To compare perinatal outcomes in obstetric practices with high and low cesarean delivery rates. METHODS: We conducted a population-based study based on 171295 singleton births in New Jersey in 1996 and 1997. Vital certificate data for each birth were linked to the corresponding hospital discharge records. Nonsubspecialist obstetricians were divided into three groups based on their cesarean delivery rates during the study period: low (less than 18%), medium (18-27%), and high (greater than 27%). Perinatal mortality, rates of birth injury, and uterine rupture were compared among the physician groups after adjustment for differences in patient risks. RESULTS: Physicians in the frequent cesarean delivery group performed more cesarean deliveries for all major indications. Perinatal mortality rates were comparable among the three physician groups. Low and very low birth weight infants delivered by the high-rate physicians did not have a lower risk of mortality. The risk of intracranial hemorrhage was significantly higher for infants delivered by low-rate physicians than for those delivered by medium-rate physicians (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 2.19). Relative to deliveries by medium-rate physicians, deliveries by low-rate physicians were associated with a lower overall risk of uterine rupture (adjusted RR 0.56; 95% CI 0.34, 0.92). Medium- and high-rate groups had similar occurrences of birth injury and uterine rupture. CONCLUSION: Low cesarean delivery rates reduced the rate of uterine rupture and were not associated with increased perinatal mortality. The data suggest a small increase in intracranial hemorrhages in infants delivered by physicians who perform relatively few cesarean deliveries.     

Asymptomatic uterine rupture of a cornual pregnancy in the third trimester: a case report

BACKGROUND: Reports of cornual pregnancy persisting until fetal viability and of ultrasound diagnosis of asymptomatic uterine rupture are rare. CASE: A 24-year-old woman, gravida 6, para 5, presented for initial ultrasound evaluation at 28 5/7 weeks' gestation after registering late for prenatal care. Her history included 2 prior cesarean deliveries. Obstetric ultrasound evaluation revealed a clinically silent uterine rupture with a live fetus. The site of rupture was suspected to be the prior uterine scar. After completion of a course of antenatal corticosteroids, the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, abdominal delivery of a live, male neonate, hysterectomy and appendectomy. The patient experienced an unremarkable postoperative course and was discharged on postoperative day 4. The infant was discharged on hospital day 83 with chronic lung disease, stage 1 retinopathy of prematurity, atrial septal defect and a right clubfoot; there were no additional findings at the 4-month follow-up. Pathologic examination demonstrated cornual implantation with subsequent uterine rupture. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining a suspicion for ectopic pregnancy at advanced gestational ages and for uterine rupture even in the absence of symptoms. The case also illustrates that fetal survival can occur in cornual pregnancy.