Postoperative perineal hernia

Abstract. Large perineal hernia is an uncommon complication following abdominoperineal resection of the rectum, but it does present a difficult surgical dilemma. Repair of this hernia is a challenging surgical problem. Various methods of repair have been proposed and include an abdominal, perineal, or combined abdominoperineal approach to the hernia. This report describes a patient with a large perineal hernia after an abdominoperineal resection. The spectrum of perineal hernias, the aetiology, and the different techniques of surgical repair are discussed. Electronic Publication     

Laparoscopic repair of postoperative perineal hernia

Symptomatic perineal hernia is a rare complication after abdominoperineal resection. Various approaches to surgical repair have been described, including transabdominal, transperineal, and combined abdominoperineal repairs. In this report, we present a laparoscopic approach for repairing a perineal hernia that developed 10 months after laparoscopy-assisted abdominoperineal resection for a recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a laparoscopic repair of perineal hernia.     

Repair of symptomatic perineal hernia with a titanium mesh

Purpose

Surgical repair of symptomatic perineal hernia is challenging, especially via a perineal approach with limited exposure of the hernia sac. Furthermore, insecure fixation of autologous or synthetic materials to bony structures often results in recurrence. Here, we describe the application of a titanium mesh for perineal hernia repair.

Methods

We performed hernia repair with a thin titanium mesh via a perineal approach in three patients who developed secondary perineal hernia following abdominoperineal resection. After the hernia sac was isolated and dissected, the titanium mesh was molded and placed over the ischium and coccyx to support the pelvic floor.

Results

No major complications occurred, and all three patients were free of recurrence at follow-up after 73, 109, and 6 months, respectively. The patients experienced slight pain in the perineal region when sitting, which resolved within 6 months.

Conclusion

Our successful preliminary results indicate that a titanium mesh is useful for perineal hernia repair by the perineal approach, as it can provide rigid support for the pelvic floor by its entire surface while ensuring stability without any fixation.     

Pelvic leiomyoma presenting as perineal hernia

Primary perineal hernias are rare and can be a diagnostic challenge. We report the case of a 45-year-old female patient who presented with painless perineal swelling suggestive of perineal hernia. Computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed a pelvic mass herniating through the pelvic floor into the perineum. The lesion was completely excised by an abdominoperineal approach. Histopathological examination of the lesion revealed a leiomyoma. This case report suggests that the possibility of perineal herniation of a pelvic leiomyoma should be considered in a female patient with suspected primary perineal hernia. We recommend an abdominoperineal approach for the surgical management of such a lesion.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断会阴疝的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断会阴疝的临床价值。方法利用彩色多普勒超声对15例会阴疝患者行术前检查,观察其超声表现。结果前会阴疝14例,疝囊位于尿道与阴道之间;后会阴疝1例,疝囊位于阴道与直肠远端及肛管之间。会阴疝表现为疝囊近端与腹腔相通,远端为盲端。疝内容物为肠管时呈肠壁回声、肠腔内容物或气体回声,CDFI示肠壁少量血流信号;内容物为网膜时呈不均匀中高回声,CDFI示点状血流信号;内容物为膀胱时呈囊状无回声,CDFI示囊壁少量血流信号。其中1例合并会阴部血管瘤,1例合并会阴部纤维脂肪瘤。结论彩色多普勒超声检查可判断有无会阴疝,明确疝的类型,对诊断、鉴别诊断会阴疝具有重要价值。     

Surgical technique for primary perineal hernia repair: a systematic scoping review

Hernia - A perineal hernia is a subtype of pelvic floor hernias, and especially primary perineal hernias are rare. No guideline exists on how to handle this type of hernia. Therefore, the primary...     

Laparoscopic repair of perineal hernia after abdominoperineal excision

Purpose

Perineal hernia is a challenging complication after abdominoperineal excision (APE) of the rectum. Surgical repair can be accomplished using challenging abdominal or transperineal approaches. A laparoscopic repair using a Proceed mesh might be an easy and effective alternative.

Methods

We describe a multi-center case-series of twelve patients with a symptomatic perineal hernia treated by laparoscopic mesh repair. A cone-shaped 10 × 15 cm Proceed Mesh was tacked to the promontory or sacrum and sutured to the pelvic sidewalls and the anterior peritoneum.

Results

Twelve patients underwent laparoscopic repair of their perineal hernia. Four men and eight women presented with a symptomatic perineal hernia after abdominoperineal excision between 2008 and 2013 and underwent a laparoscopic repair with a Proceed mesh. The median age at presentation was 53 years (range 39–68 years). The mean total theater time was 119 min (range 75–200 min). No conversion to an open procedure was needed. No early complications where seen. The mean hospital stay was 2.25 days (range 1–4 days). Three patients showed recurrence, of whom two had a defect in the middle of the proceed mesh, one had a defect anterior to the previous perineal hernia. All 3 patients underwent a redo-laparoscopic repair with mesh.

Conclusion

In this case series we present an alternative approach for the surgical repair of perineal hernias. Based on our experience, perineal hernia after APE can be repaired safely and effectively using the described laparoscopic technique.

     

Central perineal hernia mimicking rectocele: a case report

Background A perineal hernia is a very rare clinical finding. Three forms are distinguished: anterior, posterior, and central. Diagnosis of the last one is difficult, and sometimes, it is falsely named a posterior rectocele. Aim This work presents a successfully treated case of central perineal hernia and makes a brief summary of existent literature on the problem. Presentation of the case We report of a 67-year-old female patient with a symptomatic central pelvic floor hernia. After radiological confirmation of the diagnosis, a transperitoneal approach was chosen to reposition the protruded segment of the small bowel. The hernial orifice was closed by extraperitoneal implantation of a polypropylene mesh. Discussion In the present case, the use of a laparoscopic technique seemed unsuitable due to the extension of the findings. For the repair of perineal hernia, we followed the principles of the “tension-free” concept. If there are no signs of a pelvic floor infection and if the mesh can be implanted totally extraperitoneally, we recommend the use of nonabsorbable alloplastic material (polypropylene) for reinforcement of the pelvic floor as a suitable technique for the repair of large perineal hernias.     

Giant perineal hernia: laparoscopic mesh repair complemented by a perineal cutaneous approach

Symptomatic perineal herniation after abdominoperineal resection is a rare complication and its management remains challenging. Perineal laparoscopic mesh repair is safe and effective and can be performed with minimal complications. We report a giant perineal hernia treated by a combined laparoscopic mesh repair approach and plastic resection of the cutaneous perineal wound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report with this technical approach that we could find in the English literature.     

Laparoscopic repair of a perineal hernia

Introduction

Perineal hernias are rare occurrences with statistics ranging from <1 to 3% incidence after open abdominoperineal resection (APR). The incidence of perineal hernia after laparoscopic APR is less certain due to the relatively recent advent of laparoscopic proctectomy. Here we discuss an occurrence of a perineal hernia after a laparoscopic APR and its subsequent laparoscopic repair with mesh.

Discussion

Repair of a perineal hernia can be technically challenging, with a variety of approaches each with its own risk of potential complications. Laparoscopic advancements have allowed a theoretically less invasive approach while having greater view of the necessary anatomical landmarks to achieve safe and tension-free repair of such hernias.

Conclusion

There are several case reports available to describe perineal repair but the numbers remain skewed due to the sparse reporting of complications post APR surgery. This may in fact be due to the asymptomatic aspect these hernias can have. Laparoscopic repair is a challenging yet viable approach to the correction of such occurrences.     

Tension free perineal hernioplasty: report of a case

Summary Perineal hernias are extremely rare in clinical practice, most being secondary to radical pelvic surgery. Different surgical approaches have been described, with primary closure as well as with the use of flaps and mesh. We report the case of a 35 year old female with a primary anterior perineal hernia, that was repaired using a cone of polypropylene mesh through a perineal approach under regional anaesthesia. Two years later she remains asymptomatic without recurrence. We believe this is the first report of such repair for a primary perineal hernia.     

Primary perineal hernia: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract Pelvic floor hernias are extremely rare. This study presents a successfully treated case of primary perineal hernia and takes a look at the existing literature. Case The case of a 75-year-old female patient with a great perineal hernia is presented. Diagnosis was secured by magnetic resonance tomography. The pelvic defect was successfully treated by primary suture with Prolene. Discussion The literature shows many different approaches for treatment of perineal hernia, such as open or laparoscopic mesh repair, and perineal, abdominal or combined access. Our case confirms that primary closure of the hernial orifice through an abdominal approach is also feasible.     

Laparoscopic repair of postoperative perineal hernia

Perineal hernia is an uncommon complication of abdominoperineal resection and pelvic exenteration. We present an alternative not previously described for the surgical repair of this type of hernia: laparoscopic repair of postoperative perineal hernia. Electronic Publication     

Recurrent perineal hernia repair: a novel approach

Purpose

Postoperative perineal hernias are rare complications from procedures, which compromise the pelvic floor, mainly abdominoperineal resection, proctocolectomy, and partial or total pelvic exenteration. Surgical repair can be accomplished through abdominal, laparoscopic, or transperineal approaches.

Methods

We present a case report of a 70-year-old man who underwent two prior operations for recurrent perineal hernia and was ultimately successfully treated with a third operation, a synthetic mesh redo procedure that utilized a synthetic mesh system marketed for women with pelvic organ prolapse.

Results

Although there is no "gold standard" for perineal hernia repair, our patient had multiple surgeries employing a variety of approaches. Final success was achieved using a mesh system with improved fixation to secure pelvic ligaments, using an exclusive perineal approach. Now, more than five years following the final surgery, the patient remains symptom free with no clinical evidence of perineal hernia recurrence.

Conclusions

To date, this is the only report of using this mesh system in a male. The advantages of using this mesh system are (1) exclusive perineal approach without the accompanying risks of abdominal or laparoscopic approach; (2) improved fixation of mesh to secure pelvic ligaments; and (3) lightweight, flexible, and large mesh shape that can easily be trimmed to allow versatility in procedures.     

Perineal approach for polypropylene mesh repair of perineal hernia

This is the first case report of a perineal hernia repair following abdominoperineal excision of rectum employing a purely perineal approach for interposition of a mesh graft.     

Use of bone anchors in perineal hernia repair: a practical note

Background Bone anchoring systems are used extensively in orthopaedic surgery but have scarcely been reported as useful in abdominal wall or perineal hernia repair. After coccygectomy or sacrectomy the development of bowel herniation is not uncommon. Considering repair of such a perineal hernia, adequate fixation of the prosthetic mesh is difficult and, therefore, recurrence is rather frequent, mostly due to insufficient anchoring of the mesh to the bony structures.Methods We discuss a patient in which the Mitek GII anchoring system was used to overcome the problem of soft-tissue-to-bone attachment in such cases.Conclusion Bone anchoring systems seem to be an efficient method to overcome the problems of soft-tissue-to bone attachment in both abdominal and perineal hernia repair.     

Robot-assisted laparoscopic repair of perineal hernia after abdominoperineal resection: A case report and review of the literature

IntroductionPerineal hernia is a protrusion of the pelvic floor containing intra-abdominal viscera. The occurrence of postoperative perineal hernia after abdominoperineal resection (APR) is rare, but reports have indicated a recent increase in occurrence following surgical treatment for rectal cancer. This has been attributed to a shift towards extralevator abdominoperineal resection, together with more frequent and long-term use of neoadjuvant therapy.Presentation of caseHere, we report the case of a patient who underwent APR for cancer. Twenty months postoperative, a perineal hernia was detected. The patient was electively scheduled for surgery. Robot-assisted laparoscopy was performed using the da Vinci Surgical System. The perineal hernia was repaired by primary closure with the placement of Symbotex Composite mesh as reinforcement for the pelvic floor. The surgery was performed without any adverse events, and the patient was discharged the day after surgery. Clinical follow-up proceeded at the designated time intervals without difficulties.DiscussionRecurrence rates of perineal hernia remain high, and surgeons face numerous challenges related to poor view, suturing and mesh placement in the deep pelvis. Numerous approaches have been described, but there is still no consensus as to the optimal repair technique for perineal hernia.ConclusionSymptomatic perineal hernias can feasibly be repaired with robot-assisted laparoscopy. Furthermore, suturing and mesh placement require less effort with the robot approach when compared to the open and laparoscopic approaches. These promising findings are demonstrated in the included video.     

Ileal strangulation by a secondary perineal hernia after laparoscopic abdominoperineal rectal resection: A case report

IntroducitonWe report a recent case of strangulated bowel obstruction due to an incarcerated secondary perineal hernia that developed after laparoscopic rectal resection.Presentation of caseA 75-year-old man undergoing treatment for alcoholic cirrhosis underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection of the rectum (APR) for lower rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Lung metastases were diagnosed 2 months postoperatively. Ten days after chemotherapy initiation, the patient was hospitalized on an emergency basis due to hepatic encephalopathy. Ten days thereafter, we observed perineal skin protrusion. Moreover, the skin disintegrated spontaneously, resulting in ascetic fluid outflow. Pain and fever developed, with inflammatory reactions. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed strangulated small bowel obstruction due to perineal hernia. We performed an emergency surgery, during which we found small intestine wall incarcerated in the pelvic dead space, with thickening and edema; no necrosis or perforation was observed. We performed internal fixation by introducing an ileus tube into the ileocecum and fixing its balloon at the cecal terminus.DiscussionSecondary perineal hernia is rare and can develop after APR. Its prevalence is likely to increase in future because of the increasing ubiquity of laparoscopic APR, in which no repair of peritoneal stretching to the pelvic floor is performed. However, only two case of secondary perineal hernia causing strangulated bowel obstruction has been reported in the literature. The follow-up evaluation of our procedures and future accumulation of cases will be important in raising awareness of this clinical entity.ConclusionWe suggest that the pelvic floor and the peritoneum should be repaired.     

A wrong diagnosis of recurrent perineal hernia

We describe a case of a patient who had several operations for recurrent perineal hernia. She eventually had an abdominal surgical debulking for aggressive angiomyxoma.     

Primary perineal closure after proctocolectomy for inflammatory bowel disease. Prevention of the persistent perineal sinus.

In seventeen patients who had a proctocolectomy for ulcerative or granulomatous colitis, the levator muscles and perineal tissues were sutured primarily. In all patients the pelvic peritoneum was left open to allow the remaining intestine to fill the pelvic space. In eight patients in whom the pelvic space was not drained, uncomplicated healing occurred in five, but the other three patients developed infected pelvic collections leading to delayed perineal would healing. In the subsequent nine patients in whom the pelvic space was drained, all patients had uncomplicated healing. There has been no instance of perineal hernia or intestinal obstruction during four years' observation. This method of managing the pelvic space and perineal would, based upon obviating all blood or serum collections, has been simple, safe, comfortable, and effective in eliminating the prolonged morbidity of an unhealed perineal would.