机械清洁对基托树脂外源性着色的影响

目的:研究机械清洁方法即电动牙刷配合清洁膏、牙膏、自来水刷洗对基托树脂表面着色的影响。方法:制作64块热固化型基托树脂试件,取60块分为4组,每组15块,其中3组为实验组,1组为对照组。实验组试件分别用电动牙刷配合自来水、牙膏、清洁膏刷洗22min,对照组不做处理。每组试件再随机分成3组,分别浸泡入橙汁、药酒、漱口水中4周。于浸泡前后用电子比色仪测色,计算着色前后色差,与对照组进行比较,行统计学分析。另外的4块试件,1块作为对照,另3块分别用三种机械方法刷洗22min,扫描电镜观察各试件表面形态,比较三种清洁方法对热固化型树脂表面的磨损情况。结果:各浸泡液中牙膏刷洗组与对照组相比色差有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余均无统计学差异(P﹥0.05)。扫描电镜观察显示:空刷与清洁膏刷洗没有对基托表面形貌产生明显影响,而牙膏刷洗的树脂表面产生了一定程度的划痕。结论:电动牙刷配合自来水和清洁膏刷洗不会对热固化型基托树脂表面造成明显磨损,对于树脂表面色素的沉积均无明显影响。而电动牙刷配合牙膏刷洗对树脂表面有一定的磨损,且加重树脂的着色。     

不同的清洁方法对着色树脂基托和人工牙的清洁效果的研究

目的:研究5种不同的清洁方法对着色树脂基托和人工牙的清洁效果。方法:将着色后的树脂基托和人工牙试件根据不同的清洁方式随机分成5组(n=10),A:对照组,B:电动牙刷+蒸馏水刷洗3 min, C:电动牙刷+牙膏刷洗3 min。D:Polident浸泡5 min。E:Polident浸泡5 min+电动牙刷牙膏刷洗3 min。计算清洁前后的色差ΔE以及着色前和清洁后的色差ΔE。结果:对于树脂基托和人工牙,着色前与着色后ΔE值组间比较,P>0.05。清洁前后各组ΔE比较：E>D>C>B>A(P<0.05),着色前和清洁后各组ΔE比较：E相似文献   

热固化基托树脂外源性着色的体外研究

目的评价5种食物、药物对热固化基托树脂着色的程度。方法制作90块热固化基托树脂试件,随机分为6组,分别浸泡于蒸馏水(对照)、绿茶、橙汁、漱口水、药酒和黄连水中,用电子比色仪测量树脂浸泡前及浸泡1、2、3、4周后的颜色,得到L*、a*、b*值,计算各时间点与浸泡前的色差ΔE,进行统计学分析。结果除对照组外,5组实验组试件的ΔE值(颜色改变)均随浸泡时间延长而增大;不同浸泡液中试件的ΔE值有显著性差异,其大小顺序为:黄连水>漱口水>绿茶>药酒>橙汁。结论绿茶、橙汁、漱口水、药酒和黄连水均可导致热固化基托树脂表面着色,尤以黄连水着色最重。且随着时间延长,基托树脂表面着色加重。     

不同类型义齿清洁剂对着色热凝基托树脂和树脂人工牙的清洁效果

目的:比较不同类型义齿清洁剂对着色热凝基托树脂和树脂人工牙的清洁效果.方法:将40块规格相同的热凝基托树脂试件和40颗贺利氏树脂人工中切牙,浸泡于咖啡、绿茶和酱油的混合液中4周,各随机分为4组(n=10),按使用说明分别浸泡在Polident、Steradent清洁片配成的溶液、质量分数为0.5％次氯酸钠溶液和蒸馏水(对照组)中4h,使用色差仪和电子比色仪分别测量热凝基托树脂和树脂人工牙着色前后、清洁剂浸泡后的色度值,计算试件处理前后的色差(△E)并进行统计学分析.结果:在着色前后,4组热凝基托树脂和4组树脂人工牙△E无统计学差异(P＞0.05).在着色后与清洁后的△E值,0.5％次氯酸钠组＞ Polident组和Steradent组＞蒸馏水组(P＜0.05);Polident组与Steradent组之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).在着色前与清洁后,蒸馏水组的△E大于其他3组(P＜0.05);其他3组之间无统计学差异.结论:0.5％次氯酸钠、Polident和Steradent对着色热凝基托树脂和树脂人工牙均有有效的清洁效果,其中0.5％次氯酸钠优于Polident和Steradent,Polident和Steradent效果相同.     

着色介质及表面粗糙度对热固化基托树脂着色的影响

目的:研究4种着色介质对不同表面粗糙度的热固化基托树脂的表面着色状况。方法:制作64个热固化基托树脂试件,随机分成4组,不同组试件的测试面打磨出不同的粗糙度等级,用表面粗糙度轮廓仪测量其表面粗糙度参数Ra并记录,然后将每组试件分别浸泡于蒸馏水(对照)、咖啡、茶和陈醋中,用分光光度比色仪测量试件浸泡前及浸泡4周后的颜色,得到L*、a*、b*值,计算浸泡前后的色差△E,采用统计学方法,分析热固化基托树脂着色与上述因素的关系。结果:除对照组外,咖啡组和茶组试件的色差值△E均增大(P<0.05),且咖啡组的△E大于茶组(P<0.05),陈醋组的△E无明显改变(P>0.05);同一浸泡液中不同表面粗糙度的试件的△E值差异有显著性(P<0.05),表面粗糙度越大,△E越大。结论:外源性色素能引起基托树脂的着色,并且树脂表面越粗糙,着色越明显。     

电动刷洗对树脂陶瓷材料磨损影响的实验研究

目的 研究口腔修复材料E-max热压铸瓷、Ceramage聚合瓷、纳米树脂在体外刷洗实验中质量、粗糙度、色彩的变化,评价电动牙刷刷洗磨损对这3种美容修复材料的影响。方法 制备E-max热压铸瓷、Ceramage聚合瓷、纳米树脂试件各6片,在室温下用自制的电动牙刷刷洗装置,以牙膏浆为磨损介质,对3组试样分别进行刷洗,每个试样刷洗时间为194.6min,刷洗力度200 N,刷洗后采用单因素方差分析的方法 计算实验前后3种试件的质量损失、粗糙度变化值和色彩改变值。结果 各组试件刷洗前后质量比较,树脂组和聚合瓷组的质量变化值有统计学差异(P<0.05),3组的质量损失为树脂组>聚合瓷组>热压铸瓷组;粗糙度值变化中,聚合瓷组和树脂组无明显变化,E-max组的粗糙度值增加(P<0.05),肉眼观察无明显变化;实验前后树脂组的色差值改变最大,Ceramage聚合瓷其次,E-max无明显变化。结论 电动刷洗会造成树脂材料和聚合瓷的质量损失和颜色改变,引起热压铸瓷的表面粗糙度值的增加。?     

两种刷洗方式对树脂陶瓷材料磨损性能的实验研究

目的:评价旋转式和往复式两种刷洗方式对E-max热压铸瓷、Ceramage聚合瓷、纳米树脂这三种美容修复材料所造成的影响。方法:制备E-max热压铸瓷、Ceramage聚合瓷、纳米树脂试件各12片,按照不同的刷洗方式分成两组,在室温下用自制的电动牙刷刷洗装置,以牙膏浆为磨损介质,对三组试样分别进行刷洗,每个试样刷洗时间为194.6min,刷洗力度为200N,刷洗后采用单因素方差分析计算实验前后三种试件的重量损失、粗糙度变化值和色彩改变值。结果:两种方式刷洗时,树脂组和聚合瓷组重量均有损失,热压铸瓷组重量无变化,其中树脂组>聚合瓷组(P<0.05);其中纳米树脂重量损失为旋转组>往复式组(P<0.05)。粗糙度值的变化,旋转式刷洗聚合瓷组和树脂组无明显变化,E-max组粗糙度值增加(P<0.05),往复式刷洗造成三组材料的粗糙度值均呈现增加的趋势,其中热压铸瓷组最大,树脂与聚合瓷的变化两者之间无明显差异;实验前后树脂组的色差值最大,Ceramage聚合瓷其次,E-max无明显变化;树脂组与铸瓷组之间的色差比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),其余组间无明显差异;两种刷洗方式间均无明显差异。结论:电动刷洗会造成树脂材料和聚合瓷的重量损失和颜色改变,引起热压铸瓷的表面粗糙度值的增加。旋转式刷洗对树脂材料的磨损要大于往复式刷洗,往复式刷洗造成三种材料的粗糙度值均增加,两种方式对材料颜色变化无差异。     

三种义齿基托材料抗白色念珠菌黏附性能的比较

目的比较3种义齿基托材料的抗白色念珠菌黏附性能。方法将热凝基托树脂、不碎胶树脂、弹性材料树脂义齿基托材料制备成粗糙度相同的标准试样,每组10个。用白色念珠菌(ATCC 90028)菌液对各试样黏附培养24h、48h、168h后,分析白色念珠菌对试件表面的黏附。结果在培养24h时,3组试件白色念珠菌黏附量差异无统计学意义(P0.05);培养48h时,除不碎胶树脂组和弹性材料树脂组外,其余两两之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);培养168h时,3组试件两两之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),白色念珠菌黏附量计数,热凝基托树脂不碎胶树脂弹性材料树脂。结论与传统热凝树脂基托相比较,不碎胶树脂基托和弹性材料树脂基托能减少白色念珠菌的黏附。     

Adherence of Candida albicans to three different denture base resins

目的 比较3种义齿基托材料的抗白色念珠菌黏附性能.方法 将热凝基托树脂、不碎胶树脂、弹性材料树脂义齿基托材料制备成粗糙度相同的标准试样,每组10个.用白色念珠菌(ATCC 90028)菌液对各试样黏附培养24h、48h、168h后,分析白色念珠菌对试件表面的黏附.结果 在培养24h时,3组试件白色念珠菌黏附量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);培养48h时,除不碎胶树脂组和弹性材料树脂组外,其余两两之间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);培养168h时,3组试件两两之间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),白色念珠菌黏附量计数,热凝基托树脂＞不碎胶树脂＞弹性材料树脂.结论 与传统热凝树脂基托相比较,不碎胶树脂基托和弹性材料树脂基托能减少白色念珠菌的黏附.     

不同类型义齿清洁剂对热凝基托树脂物理机械性能的影响

目的：观察不同类型义齿清洁剂对热凝基托树脂物理机械性能的影响。方法：将同样规格的热凝基托树脂试件,按使用说明分别浸泡在 Polident 清洁片或 Steradent 清洁片或0．5％次氯酸钠溶液和蒸馏水中60 h,处理后的试件在万能材料试验机和表面粗糙度测试仪上分别测其弯曲强度、弹性模量（n ＝10）和表面粗糙度（n ＝10）。结果：Polident、Steradent 对热凝基托树脂的弯曲强度和弹性模量的影响与蒸馏水组相比差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）,0．5％次氯酸钠组的弯曲强度和弹性模量小于其他组（P ＜0．05）;热凝基托树脂粗糙度4组之间差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论：Polident、Steradent 均不影响热凝基托树脂的物理机械性能,0．5％次氯酸钠对热凝基托树脂的粗糙度无影响,而使其弯曲强度及弹性模量有所降低。     

An in vitro study into the effect of a limited range of denture cleaners on surface roughness and removal of Candida albicans from conventional heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material

This study evaluated the abrasiveness of four denture cleaners on the surface of denture base material and assessed their ability to remove Candida albicans. Acrylic resin discs 20 mm diameter and 2 mm thick were identically produced and polished. Four cleaners were evaluated: conventional toothpaste; toothpaste with stain remover; denture cleaning paste and an immersion type cleaner, and water were used as control. These were used at dilutions of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 with water. An electric toothbrush was used, and the discs cleaned to simulate 1 years' cleaning. The surface roughness of the discs were then measured, before and after cleaning, using a stylus profilometer, then inoculated with 1.2 x 10(6)C. albicans cells. The effectiveness of the denture cleaners to remove C. albicans cells was assessed following a single cleaning event. The immersion cleaner was significantly less abrasive than paste cleaners (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between any dilutions for any cleaner used (P > 0.05). Immersion and paste cleaners removed almost all recoverable C. albicans from the discs, as cleaning with water alone was less effective (P < 0.05). An immersion type cleaner was found to be the most suitable cleaner because of its low abrasivity and effective removal of organic debris.     

新型无磨料牙膏对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂表面性能影响的研究

目的　研制新型无磨料牙膏,并评估其对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（polymethyl methacrylat,PMMA）树脂表面性能的影响。方法　在新型牙膏中去除磨料并调整表面活性剂和湿润剂的比例,对10种新型牙膏的性状进行评估;选择较佳性状的2种新型牙膏（新型牙膏A组和新型牙膏B组）与市面牙膏（市面牙膏A组和市面牙膏B组）、市面泡腾片（市面泡腾片组）及蒸馏水（对照组）对PMMA树脂片进行清洁处理,比较各组清洁前后PMMA树脂片表面光密度（OD）值及粗糙度（Ra）值,评估各类清洁剂对PMMA树脂表面清洁效果及磨损水平。结果　10种新型牙膏中2号（新型牙膏A组）和6号（新型牙膏B组）具有较佳的性状,其pH值分别为7.18和7.22,并用于后续研究。（1）清洁效果：对照组清洁处理前后PMMA树脂片菌斑红染及OD值基本无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,其余各组清洁处理后的PMMA树脂片菌斑红染程度较清洁处理前明显降低,OD值也显著下降,差异有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）,尤其以市面泡腾片组、新型牙膏A组和新型牙膏B组清洁效果最为显著。（2）磨损水平：体视显微镜观察发现,清洁处理后,对照组PMMA树脂片表面光滑无划痕;市面牙膏A组和市面牙膏B组PMMA树脂片表面划痕较深且划痕数量较多,Ra值也明显增大,差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）;市面泡腾片组、新型牙膏A组和新型牙膏B组PMMA树脂片表面仅出现轻微细小浅划痕,Ra值略微升高,但其差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。结论　新型无磨料牙膏在有效清除菌斑软垢的同时可减少PMMA树脂表面划痕,可成为临床义齿清洁牙膏。     

The abrasion of acrylic resin by cleaning pastes

The physical removal of plaque from dentures by brushing is important in the maintenance of oral health. However, there is a danger that brushing will abrade acrylic resin. A machine using a rotary brushing action was therefore utilized for laboratory tests of possible cleaning pastes, employing a toothbrush with good access and adaptability to denture surfaces. Crest toothpaste produced the most abrasion on acrylic resin, Dentu-Creme the least. An experimental paste produced an appreciably lower abrasion rate. Self-cured specimens wore more than heat-cured ones. The rate of abrasion decreased as the temperature was raised. Brushing with water alone, or with a 10% solution of soap, did not produce detectable wear. The wear produced by proprietary cleaners when hand brushing the lingual flanges of dentures and flat blanks of heat-cured acrylic was also measured. Boots denture cleaning paste produced the greatest abrasion, Dentu-Creme the least. The wear measured by reference to a glass plane was at least twice that recorded by the decrease in depth of a groove. The machine did not quantitatively produce the same abrasion as hand brushing, nor did it qualitatively rank the pastes in the same order of abrasiveness. The clinical relevance of these results is discussed.     

单纯机械性菌斑控制对学龄前儿童变形链球菌的短期影响

目的评价用牙刷和牙线进行机械性菌斑控制对学龄前儿童变形链球菌的影响。方法检查者单盲的随机对照临床研究。将54名唾液中检出变形链球菌的3岁学龄前儿童纳入该研究,随机分为实验组和对照组。菌斑染色后,口腔医学生给实验组儿童用牙刷和牙线彻底清洁牙面菌斑,不用牙膏,每天一次,共10次。用Dentocult SMStrip mutans(D-SM)监测唾液中变形链球菌的水平。结果 10次机械性菌斑控制结束后,实验组的D-SM值由基线的1.82下降到0.95(P<0.001),干预结束后2周D-SM值上升到1.62。对照组D-SM值的波动无统计学意义。结论连续、彻底的单纯机械性菌斑控制能降低学龄前儿童变形链球菌水平,干预结束后该作用消失。     

The influence of toothpastes and prophylaxis pastes on fluorescence measurements for caries detection in vitro

The aim of this study was to test the influence of toothpaste and prophylaxis paste remnants as well as powder remnants on DIAGNOdent readings. A total of 68 sites on the occlusal surface of human molars were used for this study. After a cleaning procedure, saliva was spread on the tooth surface, dried for 3 s, and DIAGNOdent (DD) values were measured. After these measurements were performed, 500 mg of the toothpaste or prophylaxis paste was taken and the occlusal surface was cleaned for 3 s with a slow rotating contra-angle handpiece. The paste was then rinsed off with the 3-in-1 syringe for 3 s using water with air. The DD measurements were taken again and the rinsing for 3 s and fluorescence measurements were repeated. The procedure with the powder using the PROPHYflex 2 was, in principle, the same. Whereas only small differences could be detected on sound surfaces, there was a distinct influence on decayed surfaces. It could be concluded that when the DIAGNOdent device is used in practice and special care in rinsing after cleaning is not taken, it is possible that false readings are registered.     

牙钻手机机械清洗与手工清洗的效果评价

目的 比较牙钻手机机械清洗与手工清洗的效果。方法 将污染程度相同的牙钻手机80支随机分成两组,每组40只,一组采用全自动清洗机清洗,另一组采用手工清洗,两组均按标准流程操作,清洗后采用ATP生物荧光法检测清洗效果。结果 ATP生物荧光检测相对发光单位（RLU）平均值分别为：机械清洗组为9,手工清洗组为41,两组均低于生产厂家提供的RLU≤45的推荐值,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 机械清洗的效果优于手工清洗,建议消毒供应中心采用机械清洗法清洗牙钻手机,确保清洗质量。     

Bacterial survival rate on tooth- and interdental brushes in relation to the use of toothpaste

Background, aims: Previous studies indicated that oral hygiene aids can play a rôle in the intra‐oral translocation of pathogens. The survival rate of cariogenic and periodontopathogenic species on toothbrushes, with and without toothpaste, and interdental brushes was presently investigated. Material and methods: 12 periodontitis patients had their interdental spaces professionally cleaned with interdental brushes and their teeth with new toothbrushes with or without different dentifrices. Each time brushes were rinsed with tap water and stored dry at room temperature. At different time intervals an interdental brush or 4 tufts from a toothbrush were processed for vitality staining and selective and non‐selective culturing procedures. Results: Immediately after rinsing, a toothbrush without toothpaste harboured 10⁷, 10⁸ and 10⁷ colony forming units (CFU) of respectively aerobic, anaerobic and black pigmented species. An insignificant decrease occurred the first 24 hours and after 48 hours still 10⁴ CFU of aerobic and anaerobic species could be cultured. No periodontopathogen remained detectable at 8 hours, except for Fusobacterium nucleatum. The proportion of vital bacteria decreased in 48 hours from 50% to 30%. Comparable results were obtained for interdental brushes. The bacterial survival rate on toothbrushes was significantly reduced by the use of a detergent containing toothpaste by 2 log at baseline, another 2 log at 4 hours and an extra log more at 8 hours for aerobic and anaerobic species. A toothpaste without detergent only had an insignificant bactericidal effect. Conclusion: Toothpaste detergents decrease the survival rate of pathogenic species on a toothbrush and can thus limit the risk for bacterial translocation.     

A comparison of the effects of toothbrushing and handpiece prophylaxis on retention of sealants

BackgroundTooth surface cleaning before acid etching is considered to be an important step in the retention of resin-based pit-and-fissure sealants.MethodsThe authors reviewed and summarized instructions for cleaning tooth surfaces from five manufacturers of 10 unfilled resin-based sealants marketed in the United States. The authors also searched electronic databases for studies that directly compared the effects of different surface-cleaning methods on sealant retention and for systematic reviews of the effectiveness of sealants. They explored the association between surface-cleaning methods and sealant retention in the studies included in the systematic reviews. They calculated the summary weighted retention rates for studies that used either a handpiece or toothbrush prophylaxis.ResultsAll of the sealant manufacturers' instructions for use (IFU) recommended cleaning the tooth before acid etching. None of the IFU directly stated that a handpiece was required to perform the cleaning, but five IFU implied the use of handpiece prophylaxis. None of the IFU recommended surface-altering procedures in caries-free teeth. Direct evidence from two clinical trials showed no difference in complete sealant retention between surfaces cleaned mechanically with pumice or prophylaxis paste and those cleaned with air-water syringe or dry toothbrushing. Indirect evidence from 10 studies found that weighted summary retention by year after sealant placement in studies that used toothbrush prophylaxis was greater than or equivalent to values for studies that used handpiece prophylaxis.ConclusionsLevels of sealant retention after surface cleaning with toothbrush prophylaxis were at least as high as those associated with hand-piece prophylaxis.Clinical ImplicationsThis finding may translate into lower resource costs for sealant placement.