Changes observed in radionuclide bone scans during and after teriparatide treatment for osteoporosis

Purpose  

Visual changes on radionuclide bone scans have been reported with teriparatide treatment. To assess this, serial studies were evaluated and quantified in ten postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with teriparatide (20 μg/day subcutaneous) who had ^99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scans (baseline, 3 and 18 months, then after 6 months off therapy).     

颅骨血管瘤1例

患者，女性，47岁。主因头顶部肿块两年余渐大来院就诊。查体：右顶部见一5．3cm×4．5cm大小肿块，其质较硬，无压痛，局部皮肤无红、肿、热、痛。与皮肤无粘连，皮温不高，肿块无波动及杂音。头颅正侧位X光片示：正位于右顶部见一类圆形透亮区，边界较清晰，其内隐约可见网格状、颗粒状高密度阴影，侧位肿块偏后，临颅骨外板处见呈放射状排列的骨针（图1，2）。头颅CT轴位及失状位平扫示颅骨颅骨呈膨胀性破坏改变，内外板皮质变薄，破坏以外板为显著，放射状骨针显示更清晰（图3～5）。影像诊断为：右顶骨处良性骨肿瘤，考虑为骨血管瘤。后手术病理证实为颅骨海绵状血管瘤。     

Intradiploic frontal bone aneurysmal bone cyst in a child: a case report

This report presents the imaging appearances of an uncommon case of intradiploic frontal bone aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in a 10-year-old girl. ABCs are rare in the calvarium. The radiological and aetiopathological differences between the more commonly occurring ABCs of the long bones and vertebrae, and their rarer counterparts in the calvarium and facial bones, have been discussed. Unique also to this case is the reconstruction performed using the outer table of the bone flap after excising the tumour.     

骨组织韧带样纤维瘤一例

患者男,71岁.因左侧肢体乏力、步态不稳,伴头昏、呕吐9 d入院.体检:血压:160/80 mm Hg(1 mmm Hg=0.133 kPa);左额部稍隆起,无压痛;双侧眼球无突出,眼球各向运动不受限;左侧指鼻、跟膝胫试验欠稳、准.影像检查:CT平扫示额骨左半侧膨胀性改变,其内见多发斑片状钙化影;病变累及左侧额窦,腔内被软组织密度影填充;病变区内外板结构完整并与正常颅骨分界清楚(图1).     

经皮骨水泥成形术治疗距骨骨囊肿一例

临床资料 患者男,32岁.因左侧踝关节隐痛4年,加重2个月,于2010年12月9日入院.4年前因滑雪运动足部外伤后,出现左侧外踝前下方及内踝下方疼痛,局部伴有轻度肿胀,关节活动受限.     

Monitoring treatment for osteoporosis by using bone densitometry

In recent years, the range of treatments available for patients with osteoporosis has greatly increased. A decade ago, the only proven therapy was estrogen, but today the choices include bisphosphonates, selective estrogen-receptor modulators, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone. Clinical trials involving bone mineral density (BMD) scans of the spine and femur have had an important role in the evaluation of these new therapies. In particular, the efficacy of treatments has now been verified in large studies powered to show reductions in fracture risk. In contrast with the use of BMD scans in research studies, their value for monitoring response to treatment in individual patients is less certain. In many cases, the increases in BMD are too small to reliably distinguish between true changes and measurement error. However, experience with estrogen and bisphosphonates suggests that these treatments have a beneficial effect on bone in most patients. Follow-up scans for patients taking these agents are therefore of limited value, apart from offering reassurance to the patient and the doctor. However, when new therapies are first introduced, follow-up scans have a useful role in building up the physician's experience and confidence.     

Fatal water intoxication during olanzapine treatment: A case report

A man in his twenties was diagnosed with schizophrenia in his late teens. The night before his death, his family reported he drank a large amount of water, vomited, collapsed, and snored loudly while sleeping, but they did not view the event seriously as he did it routinely. The following morning, he was found dead. Autopsy revealed hyponatremia by water intoxication as the cause of death. Water intoxication has various causes. In this case, 610 ng/mL olanzapine was detected in serum samples. Although this concentration is not as high as the fatal concentrations reported in past studies, it might have caused some adverse effects. Furthermore, the observation that excessive drinking behavior started after the dose of olanzapine was increased suggests a possibility that olanzapine aggravated water intoxication.     

Transient MRI abnormalities associated with partial status epilepticus: a case report

We report the case of an 18-year-old woman who presented a long-lasting cluster of partial seizures, and MRI cortical abnormalities localized in the left parietal lobe. The MRI changes correlated with the site of the epileptogenic focus, and disappeared within 2 weeks. The recognition of these reversible MRI abnormalities, which are presumably due to a temporary alteration of blood-brain barrier in the epileptogenic zone with subsequent edema, and are not associated with any underlying organic conditions, is extremely useful in the medical management of the patient and allows to avoid other invasive diagnostic procedures.     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the sternum: a case report of successful treatment with radiotherapy

An unusual case of a lytic, expanding lesion of the manubrium with histological diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst in a 13-year-old girl is presented. After a recurrence following primary surgery, the patient was treated successfully by external beam radiotherapy. A total dose of 25.2 Gy was delivered using conventional fractionation (1.8 Gy day(-1)) to the whole sternum. She remains recurrence- and symptom-free 46 months after the end of the treatment. This is the sixth patient with primary aneurysmal bone cyst in the sternal region, the first paediatric patient for this location, and the first case of its kind treated exclusively by radiotherapy ever reported in the literature. The histopathological, radiological and clinical findings of the patient are presented, relevant literature is reviewed, and radiotherapeutic management of such lesions is discussed.     

功能不全性骨折全身骨显像鉴别诊断一例

患者女,79岁,主诉骶尾部及下肢疼痛3周余,加重4 d。外院MRI提示L3~L5腰椎间盘向后方突出,继发L3~L5节段中央椎管狭窄,骶1、2椎体内可见斑片状长T1、长T2信号影,骶1内可见线样长T1信号。既往无肿瘤病史。为进一步明确骨病变性质行99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐(methylene diphosphonate,MDP)全身骨显像及骨盆SPECT/CT融合显像。全身骨显像可见骶骨、右侧第8侧肋、右侧耻骨异常放射性浓聚,SPECT/CT显像见骶骨骨质密度轻度增高,呈轻度骨质硬化改变(骶骨体及骶骨翼均受累),两侧基本对称,放射性摄取异常浓聚,呈"H"征;而右侧耻骨放射浓聚区可见明确骨折线(图1,图2)。本例患者骶骨病变最大的特点是基本沿中线对称,骨质密度轻度增高且比较均匀,与周围骨质无明确分界,无明确占位效应及周围组织浸润,放射性摄取增高区呈特征性"H形"分布。对该患者来说,最重要的是除外肿瘤性病变(包括原发骨肿瘤和转移性骨肿瘤)。若为隐匿性成骨转移,范围如此大的转移灶,其骨质密度应当更致密且不均匀,边缘一般比较锐利,且多不对称;而原发性骨肿瘤多呈混杂密度,伴软组织团块形成;但以上表现均与本例患者不符。     

Sudden unexpected death of a methamphetamine abuser with cardiopulmonary abnormalities: a case report

A 51-year-old man suddenly collapsed while being arrested. He was an abuser of methamphetamine (MP) with a history of previous convictions. The blood MP concentration at autopsy was below the lethal level. The heart revealed hypertrophy and endocardial thickening of the bilateral ventricles. On microscopic examination, the typical findings of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were not seen, however endocardial thickening with increasing elastic fibres was seen in all the ventricles and in the atria. In the conduction system, the AV node artery with luminal narrowing was longitudinally compressed by circumferential tissue. Severe interstitial fibrosis and small scar formation of the superiorventricular septum were also seen. In addition, diffuse hypertensive pulmonary arteriopathy was seen in the lung parenchyma. We surmise that the AV node artery had been chronically compressed by the circumferential architecture, due to a chronic increase in intracardiac pressure. We believe that the pathological lesions noted in both the cardiac conduction system and the lung in our case may be a complication of MP abuse, and that an MP abuser with such lesions could easily die suddenly upon experiencing emotional stress.     

Beam's-eye-view aided treatment planning for a nasopharyngeal lesion: a case report

We report on the application of CT-based multilevel treatment planning to achieve complete and uniform dose distribution over the entire target while sparing critical structures. Treatment strategy and parameters are chosen on the slice containing the isocenter. Target coverage and organ sparing is achieved on all other slices by independently adjusting the asymmetric field width at each level, stimulating the effects of custom blocks. The optimized field borders are back projected using beam's eye views (BEV) from each treatment angle. The BEV printouts are used to assist the physician in the delineation of field blocking on the simulation films.     

儿童颞骨横纹肌肉瘤一例

患者男,5岁.2008年12月以右外耳道肿物就诊.无耳痛、溢液,自诉无听力下降.体检:右外耳道浅红色肿物,质软、无触痛,表面光滑,无出血.鼓膜不可见,乳突区无压痛.听性脑干反应(ABR):右耳反应阈60 dB.既往无中耳炎病史.CT平扫示右颞骨溶骨性骨破坏,广泛累及外耳道、乳突、鼓室、岩锥、颈内动脉管、颈静脉球(图1);MRI平扫示病变呈等T1、长T2信号,填充右外耳道、鼓室、乳突,上界紧邻右颞叶下方,下方沿颈动脉向下浸润,呈较均匀等信号,膜迷路形态、信号基本正常.     

颅内间变性血管外皮细胞瘤伴骨转移一例

笔者报道了1例颅内间变性血管外皮细胞瘤（AHPC）伴骨转移的病例,从临床表现、影像学检查尤其是全身骨显像检查以及术后病理综合分析了该病特点。并通过文献复习加深了对AHPC骨转移的认识。多数恶性肿瘤常见骨转移,而颅内AHPC是一种少见的中枢神经系统肿瘤,较少发生骨转移。通过全身骨显像发现了该例患者多处骨骼病变,术后病理提示颅内AHPC骨转移,因此提示恶性肿瘤尤其是少见骨转移者应把骨显像检查作为随访的一个重要检查,对于早期发现骨转移、确定临床分期及治疗方案的选择等都是至关重要的。     

F-18 FDG uptake in a bone infarct: a case report.

PURPOSE: The authors describe a patient with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake resulting from a bone infarct of a rib. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 52-year-old woman with a history of left breast cancer and total mastectomy 5 years earlier was examined for pain in her left rib cage in the past 2 weeks. A bone scan showed diffusely increased uptake in the left fifth rib, possibly suggestive of a metastasis. An FDG positron emission tomographic (PET) scan was performed to rule out metastatic disease. RESULTS: The FDG PET images showed two focal areas of increased uptake in the fifth and sixth left ribs, consistent with bone metastases. The patient underwent excision of a long segment of her left fifth rib and the pathological findings were consistent with bone infarct, without definite signs of metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: Bone infarct can take up FDG, probably as a result of an inflammatory process.     

Percutaneous treatment of pediatric aneurysmal bone cyst at C1: a minimally invasive alternative: a case report

An 11-year-old girl presenting with neck pain was diagnosed as having an aneurysmal bone cyst involving the posterior arch of C1. Minimally invasive treatment was performed with percutaneous injections of calcitonin and methylprednisolone. Two injections separated in time by 2 months were performed with complete sclerosis and ossification of the cyst over a period of 6 months. Such percutaneous sclerosis offers an important primary therapeutic option or an adjunct to surgery of these otherwise vascular cystic masses and should be contemplated as the initial step in the treatment of these benign tumors, especially those in the spine where surgical treatment can involve complex resection and fixation procedures.     

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone: case report

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone is an exceedingly rare tumor that was first described by Jaffe in 1958 [1]. It has a high incidence of local recurrence after surgical resection. It is usually seen in young patients and involves mandible and long bones. It has histological resemblance to the desmoid tumor of the abdominal wall. We report a surgically proven case of desmoplastic fibroma of bone with local aggressiveness and recurrence during follow-up. The radiograph, CT imaging features, radiological and pathological differential diagnosis of the case are described, and literature is briefly reviewed.