TIA患者颈动脉狭窄与临床症状发作的相关性

目的探讨频发型短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)与症状相关侧颈动脉狭窄程度的相关性。方法应用颈动脉超声、经颅彩色多普勒超声联合对114例颈内动脉系统TIA患者进行检查,按照患者首次发作到入院当天(时间范围<7d)的TIA发作次数分为非频发组TIA(发作次数<3次)和频发组TIA(发作次数≥3次),以及按患者TIA发病年龄分>50岁组和≤50岁组,比较频发组与非频发组,以及各年龄段组间患者责任侧颈动脉狭窄程度发生情况。结果①TIA频发组的责任侧颈动脉发生狭窄以及中重度狭窄的发生率高于非频发组(P<0.05);②114例TIA患者以50～79岁居多,且重度狭窄及闭塞发生率随年龄增长而呈升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论颈动脉系TIA频发作与颈动脉血管狭窄程度相关,颈动脉狭窄是发生颈动脉系TIA的重要因素。     

短暂性脑缺血发作与颅内外血管病变的观察

目的观察症状相关侧血管狭窄程度、颈动脉斑块与短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的相关性,及血管内介入治疗的可能性。方法应用DSA和颈动脉超声、经颅彩色多普勒超声(TCD)联合对62例急性期颈内动脉系统TIA患者进行检查。结果颈内动脉系统TIA患者的血管病变以颅内病变为主,以大脑中动脉病变最常见33例(51.6%),颈内动脉颅外段24例(37.5%),症状相关侧血管病变31例(48.4%),支架置入5例。结论颈内动脉系统TIA患者的病因与颅内外血管病变有关,其发病机制可能主要与血流动力学因素有关,介入治疗在TIA中的治疗价值有待进一步临床研究。     

89例TIA患者颅内—外血管狭窄情况

目的 探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)与颅内—外血管狭窄的关系.方法 对89例TIA患者行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,按照患者TIA发作临床表现分为:颈动脉系组和椎基底动脉系组;按照发作次数分为非频发组(发作次数＜3次)和频发组(发作次数≥3次),比较各组患者颅内—外动脉狭窄的分布情况,比较不同发作频率间和各年龄段间患者颅内—外血管严重狭窄及闭塞的发生情况.结果 (1)本研究共63例患者存在颅内—外动脉狭窄,占70.78％.以颈内动脉颅外段最多,颅内动脉狭窄以大脑中动脉最多.颅内、颅外狭窄动脉比约为1.55∶1.(2)频发组颅内—外血管重度狭窄及闭塞的发生率高于非频发组(P＜0.05).(3)89例TIA患者以50～70岁居多,且重度狭窄及闭塞发生率随年龄增长而呈升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 颅内—外动脉狭窄是发生TIA的重要因素.DSA可以确定短暂性脑缺血发作患者是否存在血管狭窄及狭窄程度,对短暂性脑缺血发作治疗方案的选择起重要作用.     

颈动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作与颅内外动脉狭窄的相关性研究

目的探讨颈动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)与颅内外动脉狭窄的关系,评价数字减影血管造影(DSA)在颈动脉系统TIA中的诊断价值。方法对70例颈动脉系统TIA患者进行DSA检查,观察血管病变的性质,判断责任动脉。结果 70例患者中检出血管狭窄或闭塞59例(84.3%),其中症状相关侧血管狭窄或闭塞51例,症状相关侧对侧8例;颅内动脉狭窄发生率为86.9%(73/84),颅外动脉狭窄发生率为13.1%(11/84);56例(94.9%)可以判断责任动脉。结论颅内外动脉狭窄是颈动脉系统TIA的重要原因,DSA可以明确TIA患者血管狭窄的部位、程度、性质。     

颈内动脉系统频发短暂性脑缺血发作CTA分析

目的探讨颈内动脉系统频发短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)颈内动脉系统血管狭窄率及特点。方法分析43例颈内动脉系统频发TIA患者的脑CT血管成像(CTA),并与非频发TIA进行对比。结果43例颈内动脉系统频发TIA患者中,有15例(35%)表现为颈内动脉系统颅内动脉狭窄,10例(23%)颅外动脉狭窄,4例(9%)颅内动脉、颅外动脉均有狭窄,14例(33%)无狭窄,狭窄率为67%。轻度、中度、重度狭窄患者分别为7例(16%)、9例(21%)、13例(30%)。33例颈内动脉系统非频发TIA颈内动脉系统血管狭窄率为79%,两组之间无显著性差异(P=0.273)。结论67%的颈内动脉系统频发TIA患者存在颈内动脉系统血管狭窄,但与非频发TIA患者颈内动脉系统狭窄比较无统计学差异。     

颈部血管彩色超声和经颅多普勒超声联合检查评价前循环脑动脉粥样硬化

目的应用颈部血管彩色超声和经颅多普勒超声(TCD)联合检查方法,对急性缺血性脑卒中患者前循环脑动脉粥样硬化的程度进行评价,并讨论其临床意义。方法107例50～85岁急性前循环缺血性脑卒中患者,于发病后2周内完成颈部血管彩色超声及TCD检查。分别记录颈动脉颅外段狭窄组CT/MRI阳性侧和阴性侧颈总动脉/颈内动脉颅外段(CCA/EICA)不同回声斑块、斑块大小以及动脉狭窄程度;前循环颅内血管狭窄组CT/MRI阳性侧和阴性侧颈内动脉虹吸段(SCA)、颈内动脉末段(TICA)、大脑中动脉M1段(MCA-M1)、大脑前动脉A1段(ACA-A1)狭窄程度及双侧颈总动脉/颈内动脉颅外段不同回声斑块检出率;前循环颅内外动脉联合狭窄组CT/MRI阳性侧和阴性侧颈总动脉/颈内动脉颅外段、大脑中动脉M1段及大脑前动脉A1段狭窄程度。结果颈动脉颅外段狭窄组:CT/MRI阳性侧颈总动脉/颈内动脉颅外段和阴性侧比较,不同回声斑块大小及阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);狭窄程度为40%～50%、>50%～70%的颈总动脉/颈内动脉颅外段,两侧狭窄血管阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);当狭窄程度达>70%～90%和>90%时,CT/MRI阳性侧检出率均大于阴性侧(P<0.05)。前循环颅内血管狭窄组:CT/MRI阳性侧颈总动脉/颈内动脉颅外段与阴性侧之间不同回声斑块大小及阳性检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);颈内动脉虹吸段或颈内动脉末段和大脑中动脉M1段狭窄发生率,CT/MRI阳性侧大于阴性侧(P<0.05);大脑前动脉A1段狭窄发生率两侧差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。前循环颅内外动脉联合狭窄组:CT/MRI阳性侧颈总动脉/颈内动脉颅外段狭窄程度>70%和大脑中动脉M1段狭窄阳性检出率均大于阴性侧(P<0.05);大脑前动脉A1段狭窄血管两侧阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论同一组脑动脉粥样硬化患者颈动脉粥样硬化进展程度基本相同,根据斑块回声和溃疡形成与否不能确定动脉-动脉栓塞的"责任斑块";颈部血管彩色超声检查提示颈总动脉/颈内动脉颅外段狭窄程度>70%,以及TCD提示颈内动脉虹吸段、颈内动脉末段、大脑中动脉M1段狭窄≥50%者,与同侧脑卒中的发生明显相关,二者联合应用有助于确定急性缺血性脑卒中的"责任动脉"。     

短暂性脑缺血发作与颅内外血管狭窄的关系

目的 探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)与颅内外血管狭窄的关系.方法 对130例TIA患者的CT血管成像(CTA)进行分析,观察TIA患者颅内外段血管有无狭窄及TIA发作次数与狭窄数量关系.结果 130例TIA中有血管狭窄94例(占72.3%).颈内动脉系统TIA患者80例中有血管狭窄者55例(占68.75%),颈内动脉颅...     

76例短暂性脑缺血发作DSA分析

目的:通过数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,研究短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)与供血脑动脉病变的关系,探讨TIA发病机制。方法:选择TIA患者76例行DSA全脑血管造影,观察患者颈总动脉,颈内动脉和椎-基底动脉颅内、外段血管有无粥样硬化斑块、性质及狭窄程度。结果:76例中67例(88.2%)有粥样硬化斑块,其中狭窄≥50%59例(88.1%),颅外段狭窄50例(74.6%),颅内段狭窄17例(25.4%),46例(68.6%)发现有不稳定性斑块。结论:DSA可以明确TIA患者血管粥样硬化斑块的性质、狭窄程度,对指导有效治疗起重要作用。     

颅内外血管狭窄与短暂性脑缺血发作的相关性研究

目的探讨颅内外血管狭窄与短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的关系。方法对87例TIA患者应用经颅多普勒(TCD)进行颅内血管检测,应用双功能彩色多普勒检测颅外血管。结果TIA患者病灶侧颈动脉及大脑中动脉中度以上血管狭窄发生率明显高于病灶对侧,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);病灶侧颈动脉粥样硬化斑块低回声斑块和不均质回声斑块发生率明显高于病灶对侧,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论颅内外血管狭窄及颈动脉低回声和不均质回声斑块与TIA有关。     

2型糖尿病无症状性颅内动脉狭窄与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病无症状性颅内动脉狭窄与颈动脉颅外段粥样硬化病变之间的关系.方法 采用经颅多普勒超声和颈动脉超声检测无脑卒中2型糖尿病患者颅内外动脉,分别判断颅内动脉狭窄及颈动脉颅外段内中膜厚度、斑块形成和狭窄程度(狭窄程度≥50%或完全闭塞),分析颅内动脉狭窄与颈动脉粥样硬化病变之间的关系及危险因素.结果 194例患者中42例(21.65%)发生颅内动脉狭窄,其中大脑中动脉受累者30例(15.46%);123例(63.40%)存在颈动脉粥样硬化性病变.颅内动脉狭窄组患者高龄(t=-3.054,P=0.003)、长糖尿病病程(U=2172.500,P=0.002)、合并高血压(x2=9.986,P=0.002)及颈动脉病变(x2=14.086,P=0.000)比例明显高于无狭窄组(均P＜0.01).单因素分析提示,颅内动脉和大脑中动脉狭窄与颈动脉粥样硬化病变程度相关(U=1929.000,1519.000;均P=0.000).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,合并高血压(OR=2.849,95%CI:1.247～6.508;P=0.013)和颈动脉病变(OR=4.838,95%CI:1.778～13.167;P=0.002)为2型糖尿病无症状性颅内动脉狭窄的独立危险因素.结论 2型糖尿病无症状性颅内动脉狭窄与颈动脉粥样硬化病变相关,颈动脉颅外段粥样硬化可能是国人2型糖尿病无症状性颅内动脉狭窄的独立预测因素.     

TIA进展成脑梗死的脑梗死模式和血管病变特征

目的分析前循环TIA进展成脑梗死的脑梗死模式和血管病变特征,试探讨其发病机制。方法利用DSA、颈动脉超声和TCD综合定位责任血管狭窄(≥50%)或闭塞及症状侧颈动脉斑块性质,常规MRI研究前循环TIA进展成脑梗死的梗死模式。结果 51例TIA进展成脑梗死患者的MRI脑梗死模式和血管病变特征:皮层下梗死最常见37例(69.8%),其次是分水岭梗死8例(15.1%),区域性梗死5例(9.4%),皮层梗死3例(5.7%)。统计严重血管病变(≥50%狭窄或闭塞)如下:(1)皮层下梗死组血管严重病变17例(45.9%),检出责任侧不稳定斑块6例(16.2%);(2)分水岭梗死组血管严重病变7例(87.5%),检出责任侧不稳定斑块2例(25%);(3)区域性梗死组血管严重病变5例(100%),检出责任侧不稳定斑块2例(40%);(4)皮层梗死血管严重病变3例(100%),检出责任侧不稳定斑块2例(66.7%)。结论前循环TIA进展成脑梗死的梗死类型以皮层下梗死最常见,血流动力学和动脉-动脉栓塞机制均为TIA进展成脑梗死的主要机制。     

The role of vertebral and internal carotid artery disease in the pathogenesis of vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks

Summary Color-coded duplex sonography has improved the evaluation of the hemodynamics of the vertebral arteries (VA). A reliable differentiation between a normal vessel, hypoplasia, stenosis and occlusion of VA can now be made. We studied two groups of patients in a prospective study with isolated carotid artery disease (n=48), and with a combination of carotid and vertebral artery disease (n=14), to determine the role of VA in the pathogenesis of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in the vertebrobasilar system. Apart from the existing arteriosclerotic changes of the internal carotid arteries, the condition of the VA was of importance for the occurrence of TIAs in the vertebrobasilar territory. We found that 8% of the patients with isolated hemodynamically relevant stenosis or occlusion of one or both internal carotid arteries had a TIA in the vertebrobasilar territory. Patients with combined carotid and vertebral artery disease had an increase of TIAs in the same region in 71%. The high rate of TIAs in this group might be attributed to the combined effect of carotid and vertebral artery disease, as a third group (n=30) with isolated vertebral artery disease showed TIAs in only 13%.     

缺血性脑血管病与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管病的关系。方法 以2001年6月至2004年12月在我院住院的1583例急性缺血性脑血管病患者为研究对象，应用超声诊断仪检测双侧颈动脉，采用非条件Logistic回归分析颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素及与缺血性脑血管病的关系。结果 86．5％（1369／1583）患者存在不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化；脑梗死组颈动脉粥样硬化患病率（1087／1266，85．9％）较短暂性脑缺血发作组（198／317，62．5％）高。颈动脉粥样硬化病变特点以斑块居多（1286／1583，81．2％），而中重度狭窄发生率较低（214／1583，13．5％）；颈动脉斑块以颈总动脉分叉处最多见（665／1286，51．7％）。斑块发生率及颅外段颈动脉狭窄程度与脑血管病危险因素有明显相关性。结论 佛山地区缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变可能以斑块居多，颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管病有关。     

前循环动脉粥样硬化性短暂性脑缺血 发作的血管病变及预后影响因素

目的 探讨首发前循环动脉粥样硬化性短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的血管病变及预后影响因素。方法 收集121例首发前循环动脉粥样硬化性TIA患者,发病48 h内入院,应用CT血管造影和颈动脉超声评估血管病变,采用ABCD评分,观察1年内脑血管病的发生率,比较血管病变及ABCD评分对预后的影响。结果(1)121例患者中106例共258支血管狭窄; 71例(58.68%)存在同侧颈部及颅内动脉狭窄≥50%,66例(54.55%)存在多支血管狭窄,33例(27.27%)有Willis 环变异; 66例(54.55%)检出不稳定斑块;(2)随访1年脑血管病发生率18.18%; 多元Logistic回归分析显示除了高血压病、高脂血症、发作时间≥10 min外,同侧颈部及颅内动脉≥50%狭窄(OR=2.65,95% CI:1.30～5.38,P=0.007)是影响预后的独立危险因素; 同侧颈部及颅内动脉狭窄分层后发现,同侧颈部及颅内动脉中度狭窄患者发生脑血管病的比例是正常或轻度狭窄5.92倍(95%CI:1.20～29.27,P=0.029),而重度狭窄或闭塞发生比例是正常或轻度狭窄7.92倍(95%CI:1.75～35.83,P=0.007);(3)与未发生脑血管病组比较,发生脑血管病组的ABCD2、ABCD3和ABCD3-V评分的得分均显著升高(P≤0.01); 3种评分法预测1年内发生脑血管病风险的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.68、0.73和0.80,ABCD3-V评分预测预后准确度最高(P<0.05),最佳界值为7.5分。结论 首发前循环动脉粥样硬化性TIA的血管病变广泛并严重,1年内脑血管病发生率高,同侧颈部及颅内动脉狭窄严重程度及ABCD3-V评分能更准确预测患者的预后。     

急性脑梗死散在和单一弥散加权成像病损与其供血动脉狭窄的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死弥散加权磁共振成像(DWI)上大脑中动脉(MCA)供血区散在性或单一性缺血性病损与其脑供血动脉狭窄或闭塞的关系.方法 回顾性分析73例连续积累的DWI显示一侧MCA供血区脑梗死的病例,入组病例均排除心源性栓塞性脑梗死,所有患者均在发病24 h内进行MRI和MRA等检查,7例患者并进行DSA.采用DWI急性缺血性病损分类方法 分为散在病损组和单一病损组,比较两组的病灶同侧MCA、颈内动脉(ICA)颅内段和颅外段狭窄或闭塞的发生率.结果 散在病损组42例,单一病损组31例.在病损同侧ICA颅外段和MCA闭塞或重度狭窄方面两组差异有统计学意义(28.6%与0,x2=10.6,P=0.001).在病损同侧ICA颅内段并MCA轻中度狭窄方面,两组间差异具有统计学意义(31.0%与9.7%,x2=4.717,P=0.03).散在病损与MCA和(或)ICA严重或多发狭窄呈正相关(OR值为13.7,95%CI:3.6～52.5).在MRA或DSA未发现颅内外大血管狭窄方面,两组间差异具有统计学意义(11.9%与32.3%,x2=4.526,P=0.033).散在病损组与无明显血管狭窄呈负相关(OR值为0.284,95%CI:0.09～0.94).结论 (1)脑梗死急性期DWI显示的MCA区散在性病损患者,MCA和ICA狭窄、甚至闭塞的可能性较大,以ICA颅外段闭塞较为常见;(2)DWI显示单一病损时提示脑供血动脉狭窄程度较轻,范围较局限,小血管病变的可能性相对较高,很少为严重的ICA颅外段狭窄或闭塞.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between scattered or single lesion of acute cerebral infarction in middle cerebral artery territory on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and stenosis of middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods With exclusion of cardioembolism, 73 consecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction of the unilateral MCA territory on DWI were analyzed. All patients got magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography (MRA) within 24 hours after onset, and 7 patients also had digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The patients were classified into single lesion group or scattered lesions group according to the DWI findings. The incidence of stenosis or occlusion of ipsolateral MCA, intracranial and extracranial ICA were compared between the two groups. Results 42 patients had scattered lesions and 31 patients had single lesion. The scattered-lesions group had a high incidence of ipsilateral extracranial ICA or MCA occlusion or severe stenosis ( 25.6%versus 0, x2 = 10.6, P = 0.001 ) and a high incidence of ipsilateral intracranial ICA or MCA moderate or mild stenosis (31.0% versus 9.7% ,x2 =4.717, P =0.03 ). A positive correlation was found between the scattered lesions and severe or multifocal stenosis of ipsilateral ICA and MCA ( OR: 13.7, 95% CI: 3.6 to 52.5). There was a low incidence of absence of extra- and intracranial stenosis on MRA or DSA in the scattered-lesions group ( 11.9% versus 32.3%, x2= 4.526, P = 0.033 ). A negative correlation was found between the scattered lesions and absence of large-artery stenosis ( OR: 0.284, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.94).Conclusions ( 1 ) Patients with acute cerebral infarction and scattered lesions on DWI were more likely to suffer from stenosis or occlusion of ICA or MCA, especially over the extracranial ICA. (2) Patients with single lesion were less likely to have severe or multiple stenosis of MCA and ICA, indicating the relevance of small-vessel pathogenesis.     

Ultrasonic Assessment of the Prevalence of Carotid Artery Stenosis in Asymptomatic Volunteers

High-resolution Duplex scanning of the carotid artery was performed in 125 clinically asymptomatic and randomly chosen volunteers to determine the prevalence and extent of atherosclerotic stenosis. The proband age ranged from 24 to 74 years (mean, 50 years). Abnormal ultrasound findings were noted in 37 subjects (30%). Of this group, 34 had minimal carotid plaques causing less than 20% reduction in artery diameter and 3 had moderate plaques causing 20 to 49% reduction in diameter. No hemodynamically significant obstructions were noted. Stepwise logistic regression using age and sex as covariates identified age (p = 0.0002) and fibrinogen level (p = 0.02) as the most powerful predictors for the presence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. The sonographic results of the asymptomatic group were compared with those in 200 patients (mean age, 55 years) who had acute ischemic stroke. Preliminary follow-up results (mean follow-up time, 26 months) in 38 probands of the asymptomatic group showed progression of the carotid stenosis in 13, which was associated with a significantly lower level of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.     

颈动脉超声、磁共振血管成像在短暂性脑缺血发作病因学方面的研究

目的:探讨颈动脉超声、MRA、DSA对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的病因学方面的价值。方法:回顾分析43例TIA患者颈动脉超声与MRA检查结果,其中18例有DSA对比验证。结果:①38例(88.4%)患者颈动脉超声显示血管异常,有粥样斑块形成,20例(46,51%)有低回声或溃疡型斑块,15例(34.88%)示有管腔狭窄。②30例(69.8%)患者MRA示有脑动脉狭窄,以颅外动脉狭窄居多,同一病人可同时存在多条血管狭窄。结论:TIA最常见的原因是血管的动脉粥样硬化和动脉狭窄,因此对脑血管状况进行评估具有重要的意义。     

Carotid plaque mast cells associate with atherogenic serum lipids, high grade carotid stenosis and symptomatic carotid artery disease. Results from the helsinki carotid endarterectomy study

OBJECTIVE: Increased numbers of mast cells (MCs) are present in ruptured coronary plaques, suggesting to play a role in acute coronary syndromes. We evaluated the distribution densities of MCs, macrophages and T cells in carotid plaques and correlated these findings to stroke risk factors as well as history of stroke or TIA. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-eight carotid samples from 75 patients (16 plaques from asymptomatic patients and 62 from patients with recent ischemic symptoms) undergoing carotid endarterectomy with an internal carotid stenosis >70% that were immunostained and quantified for MCs, macrophages and T cells. The MC distribution density showed positive correlation with the degree of carotid stenosis (p = 0.012), serum levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.021), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.013) and triglycerides (p = 0.005), and an inverse correlation with serum HDL cholesterol levels (p = 0.001). The average MC density (p = 0.023), but not the macrophage (p = 0.58) or T cell (p = 0.74) density, was higher in the symptomatic than in the asymptomatic patients. In a comparison of plaques ipsilateral and contralateral to the thromboembolic event, the densities of the three types of inflammatory cells were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Increased MC distribution density is associated with an atherogenic serum lipid profile, high-grade carotid artery stenosis and symptomatic carotid artery disease. These findings suggest a potential involvement of MCs in the pathophysiology of carotid artery stenosis.