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目的　对比分析腹腔镜和开腹阑尾切除术在治疗穿孔性阑尾炎中的手术效果。方法　 2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 4年 1月行阑尾切除术治疗穿孔性阑尾炎 12 8例 ,其中腹腔镜阑尾切除术 5 6例 ,开腹阑尾切除术 72例。比较两种术式的手术时间、下床活动时间、术后排气时间、疼痛评分、止痛药使用率、切口感染率、置管引流率、残余脓肿发生率、住院时间和综合费用。结果　比较腹腔镜阑尾切除术组和开腹阑尾切除术组以上各指标 (除手术时间和综合费用外 )差异均有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗穿孔性阑尾炎和开腹阑尾切除术相比 ,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和平均住院时间短等优点 ,是治疗穿孔性阑尾炎较理想的手术方式。     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术的技术改进(附500例报告)

目的 :探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术中技术的改进及手术的可行性。方法 :使用超声刀行腹腔镜阑尾切除术 5 0 0例 ,其中急性阑尾炎 36 0例 ,慢性阑尾炎 1 1 4例 ,腹膜后阑尾炎 2 6例。结果 :手术均顺利完成 ,无中转开腹 ,手术时间 1 5～ 5 0min ,术中出血 0～ 5ml ,术后平均住院 4d ,5例术后脐部切口感染。结论 :利用超声刀并选择套管针穿刺部位行腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有患者创伤小 ,住院时间短 ,康复快 ,术后切口平整美观等优点。     

腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术52例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜在小儿阑尾切除术中的应用价值. 方法 2002年10月～2004年12月应用腹腔镜三孔法行小儿阑尾切除术52例. 结果 52例均顺利完成手术,手术时间20～50 min,平均30 min.术后2～4 d出院.2例穿刺孔周围发生皮下气肿,无其它并发症.49例随访3～29个月,平均14个月,无肠梗阻、腹腔内残余感染等发生. 结论腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术创伤小,并发症少,安全,疗效确切.     

体胖患者的腹腔镜阑尾切除术应用技术分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除在体胖患者手术应用方法与价值.方法 分析30例体胖患者腹腔镜下阑尾切除术中操作特点.结果 手术过程顺利,手术时间25～60min,平均40min,术后平均下床活动时间12h.平均出院时间4天.伤口无一例感染.结论 腹腔镜阑尾切除对体胖患者有明显优势,创伤小,易于手术操作,效果突出.     

三孔法腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术

目的 :从手术时间、住院天数以及术后恢复时间等方面探讨三孔法腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术的临床价值。方法 :慢性胆囊炎合并慢性阑尾炎 37例在采用三孔法切除胆囊后 ,继续沿用三孔切除阑尾。并与同时期行开腹胆囊切除术 ,单纯腹腔镜胆囊切除术和开腹阑尾切除术进行对照。结果 :37例均顺利完成手术 ,无手术并发症。平均手术时间 5 9 2 9± 2 0 4 0min。平均住院 9 0 0± 1 2 0d。术后住院平均 5 30±1 1 2d。结论 :此术式可同时治疗胆囊和阑尾病变 ,具有创伤小、住院时间短 ,医疗费用低等优点     

经腹腔镜治疗阑尾周围脓肿

经腹腔镜治疗阑尾周围脓肿7例,行阑尾切除术3例,手术时间平均42.3min,行脓肿引流术4例,手术时间平均41.1min,术中引出脓液25～250ml。引流术后二期经腹腔镜阑尾切除术1例,手术时间为39min。无中转开腹,无术后并发症。经腹腔镜治疗阑尾周围脓肿技术可行,具有损伤小、恢复快、疤痕小等优点,较非手术治疗可缩短阑尾周围脓肿的病程,与开腹手术比较减少了切口感染及切口裂开的发生。     

腹腔镜逆行阑尾切除术54例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜逆行阑尾切除术治疗急慢性阑尾炎的应用价值。方法对54例腹腔镜顺行切除难以进行的急慢性阑尾炎患者施行逆行阑尾切除术,分析了其手术特点、手术适应症及并发症。结果本组病例均成功完成腹腔镜逆行阑尾切除术,手术时间30．95min,平均42．5min。术后住院3-7d,平均4．5d。1例出现左下腹穿刺孔感染。结论腹腔镜逆行阑尾切除术具有创伤小,出血少,康复快,并发症少等优点,是安全、有效的阑尾切除术式。     

腹腔镜复杂阑尾切除手术体会

目的总结腹腔镜复杂阑尾切除术的体会。方法回顾性分析2013-08—2016-07间67例复杂性阑尾切除术患者的临床资料。结果本组67例患者全部顺利完成腹腔镜下阑尾切除术。手术时间40~125 min,平均65.21 min。术后住院时间4~6 d,平均5.12 d。切口感染1例,腹腔残余感染2例。未发生阑尾残株炎、肠梗阻、肠瘘、腹腔脓肿等严重并发症。结论腹腔镜手术治疗复杂阑尾炎,具有创伤小、疼痛轻、住院时间短,且安全可靠。     

双孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术45例临床体会

目的:总结双孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗阑尾炎的经验和体会.方法:回顾性分析我科行双孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗的45例阑尾炎的临床资料.结果:45例手术顺利.手术时间25min～65min,平均45min;住院时间为3～5天,平均为4天;随访平均8个月,无肠梗阻等并发症发生.结论;双孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术以安全、可靠、创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、并发症少等优点,可弥补开腹阑尾切除术的不足,值得进一步推广.     

急性阑尾炎腹腔镜阑尾切除术174例体会

目的总结腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗急性阑尾炎的体会。方法 2014-01—2016-12间共对174例急性阑尾炎患者施行腹腔镜阑尾切除术,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果本组174例患者中170例(97.71%)成功完成腹腔镜阑尾切除术。手术时间30~60 min,平均45.42 min。术中出血量5~20 m L。术后下床活动时间8~12 h,肛门排气时间12~24 h,住院时间4~8 d。均未发生切口感染、腹腔出血、阑尾残端瘘及腹腔感染等并发症。4例(2.29%)患者中转开腹阑尾切除术,其中阑尾致密粘连或包裹1例、位置异常2例、根部坏疽穿孔1例。结论腹腔镜阑尾切除术创伤小、术后恢复快,操作简便易掌握,宜于在基层医院开展。     

Complicated appendicitis in children: is laparoscopic appendectomy appropriate? A comparative study with the open appendectomy—our experience

Purpose

Good outcomes have been reported with laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for uncomplicated appendicitis in children, but the use of laparoscopy for complicated appendicitis in children is more controversial. This is related to a higher incidence of postoperative abdominal and wound infections. The purpose of this trial was to retrospectively compare LA and open appendectomy (OA) for complicated appendicitis and evaluate the efficacy of LA in children with complicated appendicitis.

Methods

The outcome of 128 patients with complicated appendicitis in children was retrospectively analyzed. There were 80 children in the LA group and 48 in the OA group. The appendectomies were performed by a single senior surgeon and his surgical trainees. There was no selection of cases for LA. Data collection included demographics, operative time, resumption of diet, infectious complications (wound infection and intraabdominal abscess), length of hospitalization, and duration of antibiotic use.

Results

There were no cases of LA that required conversion to OA. The operative time for LA (88.5 ± 28.8 minutes for LA vs 71.8 ± 30.6 minutes for OA; t = 3.10; P = .002) was longer. Patients in the LA group returned to oral intake earlier (1.8 ± 0.6 days for LA vs 2.8 ± 0.8 days for OA; t = −8.04; P < .01) and had a shorter length of hospital stay (6.5 ± 2.2 days for LA vs 7.8 ± 2.9 days for OA; t = −2.87; P = .005). The incidence of wound infection (1/80 [1.3%] for LA vs 6/48 [12.5%] for OA; P < .05) and postoperative intraabdominal abscess (2/80 [2.5%] for LA vs 7/48 [14.6%] for OA; P < .05) in LA group was lower. No significant difference was found in the duration of antibiotic administration between the 2 groups (5.8 ± 1.8 days for LA vs 6.3 ± 2.3 days for OA; t = −1.37; P = .174). No mortality was observed in either group.

Conclusions

The minimally invasive laparoscopic technique is feasible, safe, and efficacious for children with complicated appendicitis. Laparoscopic appendectomy should be the initial procedure of choice for most cases of complicated appendicitis in children.     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术并发症的防治(附26例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术的优点、并发症及防治措施。方法:回顾分析近3年我科为26例患者行腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床资料。其中男15例,女11例,16~48岁,平均33岁。结果:26例均成功完成手术,手术时间25~50m in,平均40m in,无中转开腹,1例术中发现合并盲肠癌,一并行腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术,手术顺利,术后随访至今2年无复发。术后腹腔感染1例,经保守治疗后好转。术后住院2~7d,平均3d,随访2~35个月,未发生其他并发症。结论:与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有患者创伤小、康复快、美容效果好、探查范围广及并发症少等优点。     

Laparoscopic appendectomy is feasible for the complicated appendicitis

We reviewed the results of 339 consecutive appendectomies, including perforated appendicitis, to assess the advantages of the laparoscopic approach for acute appendicitis. Three hundred and eighty-eight patients underwent appendectomy at the Keimyung University Kyungju Dongsan Hospital between March 1994 and June 1996; 339 patients were treated using laparoscopic appendectomy (LA), and 49 patients who were treated with open appendectomy. Special emphasis was given to the results of LA in 27 patients with perforated appendicitis. The mean duration of the operating time for LA was 48.9 minutes. For six patients (1.8%), the procedure was converted to open surgery. Minor complications developed in eight patients (2.4%). There were no complications in the 27 patients with perforated appendicitis. Our experience with LA in perforated appendicitis is limited, but our results show that LA is a safe and acceptable procedure for all forms of acute appendicitis.     

Laparoscopic appendectomy in children after the learning curve.

OBJECTIVES: Despite its increasing popularity, several recent studies comparing laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) with open appendectomy (OA) in children have failed to demonstrate significant improvements in patient outcomes. Many series include the "learning curve," wherein surgeons inexperienced with laparoscopic techniques compare their results with results with OA with its extensive history. This study was designed to investigate outcomes in pediatric appendectomy patients managed by surgeons with extensive laparoscopic experience. METHODS: We preformed a retrospective review of 197 consecutive children undergoing appendectomy for presumed acute appendicitis from January 2002 through May 2004 at a university-affiliated community hospital by pediatric and general surgeons with extensive laparoscopic surgical experience. RESULTS: The study included 117 patients who underwent LA and 80 who underwent OA. Of 122 acute appendicitis cases, mean operating times were 47 minutes (LA) and 48 minutes (OA). The LA group (n=71) had a faster return to full diet (17.6 h vs. 28.6 h, P=0.0008), and shorter postoperative length of stay (LOS) (1.06 d vs. 1.66 d, P<0.0001) compared with the OA group (n = 51). Complication rates, time on intravenous (IV) antibiotics, and IV opiates were similar among the 2 groups. Complicated appendicitis cases (LA, n=34; OA, n=26) were similar with regard to LOS, return to normal bowel function, complication rate and time on IV antibiotics and opiates, but was associated with an increased operation time (LA, 65 min; OA, 51 min, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Following the completion of the laparoscopic surgery learning curve, LA has a comparable operation time and results in a decreased postoperative LOS, and faster return to normal bowel function compared with OA in children with acute nongangrenous, nonperforated appendicitis.     

Intraabdominal abscess rate after laparoscopic appendectomy

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest increased intraabdominal abscess (IA) rates following laparoscopic appendectomy (LA), especially for perforated appendicitis. Consequently, an open approach has been advocated. The aim of our study is to compare IA rates following LA performed by a laparoscopic surgery and a general surgical service within the same institution. METHODS: Data of LA patients treated at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California (LAC-USC) Medical Center between March 1992 and June 1997 were reviewed. The main outcome measure was postoperative IA. RESULTS: In all, 645 LA were reviewed. A total of 413 LA (285 acute, 61 gangrenous, 67 perforated appendicitis) were performed by three general surgical services (10 attendings). Ten abscesses occurred postoperatively (2.4%), 6 with perforated appendicitis. After the laparoscopic service was introduced, 232 standardized LA (126 acute, 46 gangrenous, 60 perforated) were performed by two attendings. One IA occurred (gangrenous appendicitis). The IA rate for perforated appendicitis was significantly lower on the laparoscopic service (P = 0.025). There was no difference in IA rates for acute and gangrenous appendicitis. There was no mortality in either group. CONCLUSION: IA rate following LA for perforated appendicitis was significantly reduced on the laparoscopic service. Mastery of the learning curve and addition of specific surgical techniques explained this improved result. Therefore, laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis may not be contraindicated, even for perforated appendicitis.     

Laparoscopic appendectomy significantly reduces length of stay for perforated appendicitis

Introduction Though ruptured appendicitis is not a contraindication to laparoscopic appendectomy (LA), most surgeons have not embraced LA as the first-line approach to ruptured appendicitis. In fact, in 2002, the Cochrane Database Review concluded: 1) the clinical effects of LA are “small and of limited clinical relevance,” and 2) the effects of LA in perforated appendicitis require further study. Objective To study the effects of LA vs open appendectomy (OA) among adults with appendicitis. Methods In 2003, 272 adults underwent appendectomy at a large County hospital, and were enrolled in a prospective clinical pathway that detailed their hospital course from time of diagnosis to discharge. Data included patient demographics, time elapse from diagnosis to surgery, surgical technique (LA vs. OA), operative diagnosis (acute vs perforated appendicitis) and post-operative length of stay (LOS). Results Complete data was obtained for 264 (97%) patients. Patient demographics were similar in the LA and OA groups (p > 0.05). Patients with LA had a significantly shorter LOS than OA by 1.6 days (p < 0.05). This LOS was significantly shorter among those with ruptured appendicitis vs. non-ruptured appendicitis (2.0 days vs. 0.3 day reduction, p = 0.0357). Rank-order multiple regression analysis, controlling for all other factors, showed laparoscopy to have a significant effect on postoperative LOS in all appendicitis cases, especially ruptured appendicitis. Conclusions The two-day reduction in LOS among those with ruptured appendicitis who underwent LA was significant enough to overcome the smaller benefit of LA in acute appendicitis. From a hospital utilization point of view, LA should be considered as the first-line approach for all patients with appendicitis.     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术操作方法的探讨(附150例报告)

目的：探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术（laparoscopic appendectomy,LA）中阑尾系膜的处理方法.方法：我院采用“阑尾系膜撕脱法”累计实施LA150例,其中慢性阑尾炎36例,急性单纯性阑尾炎48例,急性化脓性阑尾炎52例,坏疽穿孔性阑尾炎14例.结果：全组均顺利完成阑尾系膜的处理,1～2min即可完成,术中术后无出血发生.结论：阑尾系膜撕脱法较其他方法更快速、安全可靠.     

腹腔镜治疗小儿穿孔性阑尾炎对血清C反应蛋白和降钙素原的影响

目的比较腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗小儿穿孔性阑尾炎手术前后血清C反应蛋白（C—reactive protein,CRP）和降钙素原（procalcitonin,PCT）的变化。方法采用前瞻性对照研究方法,将2010年6月～2012年10月临床诊断为穿孔性阑尾炎的78例患儿按家属意愿分为开放组（38例）和腹腔镜组（40例）。分别于术前0．5h、术后24h及48h采外周静脉血,分别用ELISA法和胶体免疫结合法测定血清CRP和PCT。结果2组血清CRP和PCT术前差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;术后24h较术前均明显升高（P〈0．05）,开放组CRP升高更明显（P=0．000）;术后48h腹腔镜组PCT已恢复至术前水平（P〉0．05）,腹腔镜组CRP和开放组CRP、PCT仍高于术前（P〈0．05）,且开放组明显高于腹腔镜组（P=0．000）。结论与开放手术相比,腹腔镜治疗小儿穿孔性阑尾炎引起CRP、PCT的变化较小。     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术493例临床分析

目的:总结腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)的临床应用体会。方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2009年3月我院行LA治疗493例阑尾炎患者的临床资料,其中单纯性阑尾炎22例,化脓性阑尾炎316例,坏疽穿孔性阑尾炎134例,慢性阑尾炎21例。结果:493例LA均获成功,无一例中转开腹,手术时间12~61min,平均36.5min,术中出血2~10ml。术后6例发生并发症,4例戳孔感染,经换药后痊愈,2例术后阑尾残端漏,保守治疗5~7d后治愈。住院3~7d,平均4d。结论:LA具有患者创伤小,康复快,并发症少,术后切口平整、美观等优点。     

腹腔镜二孔法与三孔法阑尾切除术的对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜二孔法与三孔法阑尾切除术的临床应用指征。方法回顾性分析腹腔镜阑尾切除术(Laparoscopic Appendectomy，LA)的临床资料，比较二孔法与三孔法LA的手术时间、戳孔感染率。本组206例完成LA术，其中三孔法148例(9例由二孔法中转)、二孔法58例。结果平均手术时间二孔法显著短于三孔法(P=0．000)。急性单纯性阑尾炎和慢性阑尾炎LA术后戳孔均无感染，急性化脓性阑尾炎戳孔感染率二孔法与三孔法无显著性差异(P=1．000)，急性坏疽性阑尾炎戳孔感染率二孔法显著高于三孔法(P=0．039)。结论LA二孔法具有更加微创、美容的特点，可作为单纯性、化脓性及慢性阑尾炎的首选术式．但对于坏疽性阑尾炎则宜选择三孔法。