股内侧肌疲劳时表面肌电信号特征研究

目的:通过分析双侧股内侧肌疲劳时表面肌电图(SEMG)信号特征,探讨利用SEMG评价肌肉疲劳的新方法,拓展表面肌电图的临床应用。方法:4名健康青年女性采用60%最大负荷能力,伸膝约65°,静态等长收缩3min,同步记录受试者双侧股内侧肌的表面肌电信号,对实验数据进行曲线拟合、非线性回归分析。结果:股内侧肌疲劳时的SEMG各参数与测试时段的最优拟合曲线均为三次项曲线,其通式为Y=b0+b1x+b2x2+b3x3。中位频率(MF)、平均功率频率(MPF)、过零率(ZCR)方程中的b1和b3为负数,b2为正数。平均肌电图(AEMG)方程中b1和b3为正数,b2为负数。结果表明,肌肉疲劳的曲线为三次项曲线,影响肌肉疲劳的主要因素可能有3个,但其确切机制仍有待进一步研究确定。     

恢复期脑卒中患者膝关节最大等长收缩时大腿肌群表面肌电信号特征研究

目的:探讨脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者膝屈伸最大等长收缩(maximum isometric voluntary contraction,MIVC)时部分大腿肌肉表面肌电(surfaceelectromyography,sEMG)信号特征,为恢复期脑卒中患者的康复治疗提供客观依据。方法:28例脑卒中患者和20例年龄、性别相匹配的正常对照者。在膝关节屈伸MIVC时记录股内侧肌(vastus medialis,VM)、股直肌(rectus femoris,RF)、股外侧肌(vastus lateralis,VL)和股二头肌(biceps femoris,BF)sEMG信号,计算相应的积分肌电值(integrated EMG,iEMG)、协同收缩率(co-contraction ratio,CR)。结果:伸膝时,患侧VM、RF及VL的iEMG值显著小于正常对照及健侧iEMG(P<0.05);健侧RF的iEMG显著小于正常对照iEMG(P<0.05);屈膝时,患侧BF、VL及RF的iEMG显著小于正常对照(P<0.05)。患侧伸膝CR显著大于健侧及正常对照(P<0.05),患侧屈膝CR大于健侧及正常对照,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:恢复期脑卒中偏瘫患者双下肢肌肉收缩功能下降,患侧大腿伸肌存在轻度痉挛,肌力训练可作为患者康复训练的重点内容之一。     

Mechanomyography and electromyography during and after fatiguing shoulder eccentric contractions in males and females

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in mechanomyographic (MMG) and the surface electromyographic (EMG) signals during and after fatiguing shoulder eccentric contractions in a group consisting of 12 males and 12 females. Exerted force, MMG, EMG, pain and rate of perceived exertion were assessed before, during and after repeated high-intensity eccentric exercises. Bouts of eccentric contractions caused a decrease in the exerted force for males (P<0.05) and an increase in the rate of perceived exertion and pain for both genders (P<0.05). During eccentric exercise, the root mean square (RMS) values of the MMG signal increased (P<0.05). The mean power frequency (MPF) values of the EMG signal decreased at the end of each eccentric bout for both genders (P<0.05); the decrease was higher for females compared with males (P<0.05). Immediately after eccentric exercise in static abduction of the upper limbs, the MMG RMS and MPF values increased (P<0.05). The present study showed that (1) neuromuscular changes associated with pain and changes in muscle stiffness and (2) changes in motor units strategy during fatigue development in shoulder muscle are reflected in the MMG and EMG signals.     

Changes in motor unit characteristics after eccentric elbow flexor exercise

Morphological evidence suggests that fast-twitch fibers are prone to disruption of their membrane structures by eccentric exercise. However, it is unclear how this is reflected in the discharge rate and action potential propagation of individual motor units, especially at high contraction levels. High-density surface electromyograms were recorded from biceps brachii muscle and decomposed to individual motor unit action potentials at isometric contraction levels between 10% and 75% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) before intermittent maximal elbow flexor eccentric exercise, and two hours (2H), two days (2D) and four days (4D) post-exercise. Maximal voluntary force decreased by 21.3±5.6% 2H and by 12.6±11.1% 2D post-exercise. Motor unit discharge rate increased and mean muscle fiber conduction velocity decreased, at the highest isometric contraction levels only (50% and 75% of MVC) at 2H post-exercise. These results indicate that eccentric exercise can disturb the function of motor units active at high contraction levels in the early stages after exercise, which seems to be compensated by the central nervous system with an increase in neural drive during submaximal isometric contractions.     

肌肉疲劳的sEMG时频分析技术及其在工效学中的应用

表面肌电技术作为一种无损伤的实时测量方法，能够客观地反映肌肉活动水平和功能状态。本文主要对工效学中有关肌肉疲劳的sEMG现场评价技术发展过程中几种主要时频技术，尤其是幅频联合分析(joint analysis of EMG spectrum and amplitude,JASA)技术做了简要介绍和初步分析与评价。同时也对sEMG的信号分析方法、sEMG现场评价技术发展的必要性进行了简单解释。     

静态负荷诱发肌肉疲劳时表面肌电信号(sEMG)变化与主观疲劳感之间的关系

目的 探讨静态负荷诱发肌肉疲劳时肌电信号指标与主观疲劳感之间的数量关系。方法 记录11名被试持续负重时主观疲劳感量表得分及肱二头肌相应表面肌电信号,分析MPF、MF和Lempel-ziv复杂度以及持续时间与主观疲劳感量表分数之间的相关,并对其间的数量关系进行拟合。结果 主观疲劳评定分数与持续时间成显著正相关,而与各肌电信号指标成不同程度的显著负相关。以主观疲劳评定分数为因变量,以持续时间及各肌电信号指标为自变量的对数函数和幂函数的拟合均具有统计学意义。结论 主观疲劳感得分与表面肌电信号指标及持续时间对反映肌肉疲劳状态具有较高一致性;其间的数量关系比较符合心理物理学中Stevens幂定律。     

Neural and contractile determinants of burst-like explosive isometric contractions of the knee extensors

Walking and running are based on rapid burst-like muscle contractions. Burst-like contractions generate a Gaussian-shaped force profile, in which neuromuscular determinants have never been assessed. We investigated the neural and contractile determinants of the rate of force development (RFD) in burst-like isometric knee extensions. Together with maximal voluntary force (MVF), voluntary and electrically evoked (8 stimuli at 300 Hz, octets) forces were measured in the first 50, 100, and 150 ms of burst-like quadriceps contractions in 24 adults. High-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) was adopted to measure the root mean square (RMS) and muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) from the vastus lateralis and medialis. The determinants of voluntary force at 50, 100, and 150 ms were assessed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. Force at 50 ms was explained by RMS (R² = 0.361); force at 100 ms was explained by octet (R² = 0.646); force at 150 ms was explained by MVF (R² = 0.711) and octet (R² = 0.061). Peak RFD (which occurred at 60 ± 10 ms from contraction onset) was explained by MVF (R² = 0.518) and by RMS₅₀ (R² = 0.074). MFCV did not emerge as a determinant of RFD. Muscle excitation was the sole determinant of early RFD (50 ms), while contractile characteristics were more relevant for late RFD (≥100 ms). As peak RFD is mostly determined by MVF, it may not be more informative than MVF itself. Therefore, a time-locked analysis of RFD provides more insights into the neuromuscular characteristics of explosive contractions.