Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors of esophageal cancer in Xi＇an

AIM: To analyse the role of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors in the process of esophageal cancer (EC) formation in Xi‘an, China. METHODS: A hospital based case-control study, combined with molecular epidemiological method, was carded out. A total of 127 EC cases and 101 controls were interviewed with questionnaires containing demographic items, habit of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and family history of EC. Polymorphism of CYPIA1 and GSTM1 of 127 EC cases and 101 controls were detected by PCR method. The interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors were also discussed. RESULTS: Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and a family history of EC were risk factors for EC with an OR of 2.04 (95% CI 1.15-3.60), 3.45(95% CI 1.74-6.91), 3.14 (95% CI 1.28-7.94), respectively. Individuals carrying CYP1A1 Val/Val genotype compared to those with CYP1A1 Ile/Ile genotype had an increased risk for EC (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.49-7.61). GSTM1 deletion genotype was a risk factor for EC (OR1.81, 95% CI 1.03-3.18). Gene-environment interaction analysis showed that CYPIA1 Val/Val genotype, GSTM1 deletion genotype had synergetic interactions with tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and family history of EC. CONCLUSION: Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and a family history of EC are risk factors for EC. CYP1A1 Val/Val and GSTM1 deletion genotypes are genetic susceptibility biomarkers for EC. There are synergic interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors.     

食管癌与幽门螺杆菌L型感染和PCNA、CerbB-2、P53表达的关系

目的　探讨幽门螺杆菌L型 (Hp -L)感染和PCNA、CerbB - 2、P53 表达在食管癌发生机制中的作用。方法　应用免疫组化和革兰染色技术检测 112例食管癌和 30例对照组的Hp -L型、PCNA、CerbB - 2、和P53 基因蛋白 ,对Hp -L型阳性和阴性组织的PCNA、CerbB - 2和P53 表达进行比较分析。结果　癌组的革兰染色L型检出率 (6 7 9% )与对照组 (2 6 7% )有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;与免疫组化Hp -L型抗原表达阳性率 (6 5 2 % )无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,Hp -L型检出阳性率为6 1 6 % (6 9/ 112 )。癌组的PCNA、CerbB - 2、P53 表达阳性率明显高于对照组 ,癌组中Hp -L型感染阳性组的PCNA、CerbB -2、P53 表达阳性率也高于其Hp -L型阴性组 ,其差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。表明Hp -L型感染与食管癌相关 ,与食管癌的PCNA、CerbB - 2、P53 过表达也相关。结论　Hp -L型有可能通过促使细胞增殖加速和致基因突变而涉及食管癌的发生过程     

Relationship of tobacco smoking CYP1A1 GSTM1 gene polymorphism and esophageal cancer in Xi'an

AIM: To analyze the association of tobacco smoking polymorphism of CYP1A1 (7th exon) and GSTM1 genotype and esophageal cancer(EC) in Xi'an. METHODS: A hospital based case-control study, with molecular epidemiological method, was carried out. Polymorphism of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 of samples from 127 EC cases and 101 controls were detected by PCR method. RESULTS: There were no significant difference of age and gender between cases and controls. Tobacco smoking was the main risk factor OR=1.97;95% CI=1.12-3.48 for EC in Xi'an. The proportions of CYP1A1 Ile/Ile, Ile/Val and Val/Val gene types in cases and controls was 19.7% 45.7% 34.6% and 30.7%,47.5%, 21.8% respectively(P=0.049).Individuals with CYP1A1 Val/Val genotype compared to those with CYP1A1 Ile/Ile genotype had higher risk for EC increased (OR=2.48, 95%CI=1.12-5.54). The proportions of GSTM1 deletion genotype in cases and controls were 58.3% and 43.6%(OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.03-3.18, P=0.028). Analysis of gene-environment interaction showed that tobacco smoking and CYP1A1 Val/Val genotype; tobacco smoking and GSTM1 deletion genotype had synergism interaction respectively. Analysis of gene-gene interaction did not find synergistic interaction between these two genes. But in GSTM1 deletion group there was significant difference of distribution of CYP1A1 genotype between cases and controls (P=0.011). CONCLUSION: CYP1A1 Val/Val and GSTM1 deletion genotypes are genetic susceptibility biomarkers for EC. The risk increases, when person with CYP1A1 Val/Val and/or GSTM1 deletion genotype. And these two-metabolic enzymes seem to have interactions with tobacco smoking, in which the mechanism still needs further study.     

A study on p53 gene alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their correlation to common dietary risk factors among population of the Kashmir valley

AIM: To systematically examine the extent of correlation of risk factors, such as age, consumed dietary habit and familial predisposition with somatic Tp53 molecular lesion causal to elevate carcinogenesis severity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) among the Kashmiri population of Northern India. METHODS: All cases (n=51) and controls (n = 150) were permanent residents of the Kashmir valley. Genetic alterations were determined in exons 5-8 of Tp53 tumor suppressor gene among 45 ESCC cases histologically confirmed by PCR-SSCP analysis. Data for individual cancer cases (n = 45) and inpatient controls (n = 150) with non-cancer disease included information on family history of cancer, thirty prevailing common dietary risk factors along with patient's age group. Correlation of genetic lesion in p53 exons to animistic data from these parameters was generated by Chi-square test to all 45 histologically confirmed ESCC cases along with healthy controls. RESULTS: Thirty-five of 45 (77.8%) histologically characterized tumor samples had analogous somatic mutation as opposed to 1 of 45 normal sample obtained from adjacent region from the same patient showed germline mutation. The SSCP analysis demonstrated that most common p53 gene alterations were found in exon 6 (77.7%), that did not correlate with the age of the individual and clinicopathological parameters but showed significant concordance (P<0.05) with familial history of cancer (CD=58), suggesting germline predisposition at an unknown locus, and dietary habit of consuming locally grown Brassica vegetable "Hakh" (CD=19.5), red chillies (CD=20.2), hot salty soda tea (CD = 2.37) and local baked bread (CD=1.1). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that somatic chromosomal mutations, especially in exon 6 of Tp53 gene, among esophageal cancer patients of an ethnically homogenous population of Kashmir valley are closely related to continued exposure to various common dietary risk factors, especially hot salty tea, meat, baked bread and "Hakh", that are rich in nitrosoamines and familial cancer history.     

食管癌C-erbB-2、p53表达及幽门螺杆菌L型感染的意义

目的 :探讨幽门螺杆菌L型 (Hp L)感染与食管癌的关系以及C erbB 2、p53表达在食管癌发生机制中的作用。方法 :应用免疫组化和革兰氏染色技术检测 1 2 6例食管癌和 40例对照组的Hp L型、C erbB 2、和p53基因蛋白 ,对Hp L型阳性和阴性组织的C erbB 2、和p53表达行比较分析。结果 :癌组的革兰氏染色L型检出率 (67.5 % )与对照组 (2 7.5 % )有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5) ;与免疫组化Hp L型抗原表达阳性率 (65 .1 % )无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,Hp L型检出阳性率为 61 .9% (78/ 1 2 6)。癌组的C erbB 2、p53表达阳性率显著高于对照组。癌组中Hp L型感染阳性组的C erbB 2、p53表达阳性率也高于其Hp L型阴性组 ,其差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5)。表明Hp L型感染与食管癌相关 ,与食管癌的C erbB 2、p53过表达也相关。结论 :Hp L型与食管癌的发生有关 ,有可能通过致基因突变而涉及食管癌的发生过程     

Contribution of germ line BRCA2 sequence alterations to risk of familial esophageal cancer in a high-risk area of India

The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is very high in the northeast region of India. An earlier study from China and Iran suggested that mutations in BRCA2 gene may play a role in the etiology of familial ESCC. However, the frequency of BRCA2 gene germ line mutations and its contribution to risk of familial aggregation of ESCC in high-risk region of India are not known. In the current study of 317 cases of esophageal cancer, 92 (29%) cases had a family history of esophageal and/or other cancers. Of these 92 patients, 45 (49%) patients had a family history of esophageal cancer. The risk of developing esophageal cancer was higher in cases where family history showed occurrence of cancers in first-degree relatives (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1; confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–5.3) than in second-degree relatives (OR: 1.3; CI: 0.25–3.2). Moreover, the risk of developing esophageal cancer was higher in subjects whose predegree suffered from esophageal cancer (OR: 2.4; CI: 1.1–4.1) than from any other cancers (OR: 1.1; CI: 0.32–3.3). The subjects with family history of cancer were more likely to develop ESCC if they were tobacco chewers (OR: 4.2; CI: 2.1–5.8) and betel quid users (OR: 3.6; CI: 1.8–4.6). Screening for mutations of the BRCA2 gene in the germ line DNA was carried out for 20 familial and 80 nonfamilial ESCC patients. One hundred unrelated healthy controls from the same population were included in this study. Nonsynonymous variants in exon 18 (K2729N) and exon 27 (I3412V) of BRCA2 gene were found in 3 of 20 patients with familial ESCC. No sequence alterations were found in 80 nonfamilial ESCC cases ( P = 0.01) and 100 healthy controls ( P = 0.0037), suggesting that germ line BRCA2 gene mutation may play a role in familial aggregation of ESCC in high-risk region of India.     

Association of smoking, alcohol drinking and dietary factors with esophageal cancer in high- and low-risk areas of Jiangsu Province, China

AIM: To study the main environmental and lifestyle factors that account for the regional differences in esophageal cancer (EC) risk in low- and high-risk areas of Jiangsu Province, China. METHODS: Since 2003, a population-based case-control study has been conducted simultaneously in low-risk (Ganyu County) and high-risk (Dafeng County) areas of Jiangsu Province, China. Using identical protocols and pre-tested standardized questionnaire, following written informed consent, eligible subjects were inquired about their detail information on potential determinants of EC, including demographic information, socio-economic status, living conditions, disease history, family cancer history, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary habits, frequency, amount of food intake, etc. Conditional logistic regression with maximum likelihood estimation was used to obtain Odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95% CI), after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: In the preliminary analysis of the ongoing study, we recruited 291 pairs of cases and controls in Dafeng and 240 pairs of cases and controls in Ganyu, respectively. In both low-risk and high-risk areas, EC was inversely associated with socio-economic status, such as level of education, past economic status and body mass index. However, this disease was more frequent among those who had a family history of cancer or encountered misfortune in the past 10 years. EC was also more frequent among smokers, alcohol drinkers and fast eaters. Furthermore, there was a geographic variation of the associations between smoking, alcohol drinking and EC risk despite the similar prevalence of these risk factors in both low-risk and high-risk areas. The dose-response relationship of smoking and smoking related variables, such as age of the first smoking, duration and amount were apparent only in high-risk areas. On the contrary, a dose-response relationship on the effect of alcohol drinking on EC was observed only in low-risk areas. CONCLUSION: The environmental risk factors, together with genetic factors and gene-environmental interactions might be the main reason for this high-risk gradient in Jiangsu Province, China.     

Mutations of p53 gene exons 4-8 in human esophageal cancer

AIM: To characterize the tumor suppressor gene p53 mutations in exon 4, esophageal cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. METHODS: We performed p53 (exons 4-8) gene mutation analysis on 24 surgically resected human esophageal cancer specimens by PCR, single-strand conformation polymorphism, and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: p53 gene mutations were detected in 9 of 22 (40.9%) esophageal cancer specimens and 10 of 17 (58.8%) adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Eight of sixteen (50.0%) point mutations detected were G-A transitions and 9 of 18 (50.0%) p53 gene mutations occurred in exon 4 in esophageal cancer specimens. Only 1 of 11 mutations detected was G-A transition and 4 of 11 (36.4%) p53 gene mutations occurred in exon 4 in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. CONCLUSION: Mutation of p53 gene in exon 4 may play an important role in development of esophageal cancer. The observation of p53 gene mutation in adjacent non-cancerous tissues suggests that p53 gene mutation may be an early event in esophageal carcinogenesis. Some clinical factors, including age, sex, pre-operation therapy and location of tumors, do not influence p53 gene mutation rates.     

Association of p53/p21 expression with cigarette smoking and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients

factors,such as cigarette smoking,in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in northeastern Iran,a region with a high incidence of ESCC.METHODS:The expression of p53 and p21 proteins was investigated immunohistochemically in tumor tissue from 80 ESCC patients and in 60 available paraffinembedded blocks of adjacent normal specimens from the cases,along with normal esophageal tissue from 80 healthy subjects.RESULTS:Positive expression of p53 protein was detected in 56.2%(45/80)of ESCC cases,and in none of the normal esophageal tissue of the control group(P<0.001).Furthermore,73.8%(59/80)of ESCC cases and 43.8%(35/80)of controls had positive expression of p21 protein(P<0.001).Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with p53 over-expression in ESCC cases(P=0.010,OR=3.64;95%CI:1.32-10.02).p21 over-expression was associated with poorer clinical outcome among the ESCC patients(P=0.009).CONCLUSION:Over-expression of p53 in association with cigarette smoking may play a critical role in ESCC carcinogenesis among this high-risk population of northeastern Iran.Furthermore,p21 over-expression was found to be associated with poor prognosis,specifically in the operable ESCC patients.     

食管癌组织中Ebp1蛋白表达及意义

目的探讨Ebpc蛋白在食管癌发生、发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化染色法检测220例食管癌患者的癌组织及其癌旁正常食管组织中Ebp1蛋白表达水平。结果食管癌组织中Ebp1蛋白阳性率显著高于正常食管组织（t=23．140,P=0．000）。单因素分析显示,与Ebp1mRNA表达高度相关的临床参数包括年龄、家族史、淋巴结转移、病理分级、浸润深度和临床分期;多因素分析结果表明,家族史、淋巴结转移、肿瘤体积、浸润深度、病理分级均是Ebp1蛋白表达的危险因素。结论Ebp1在食管癌发生、发展过程中起重要作用,可作为食管癌病情进展监测、转移潜能及预后评估方面的一个靶基因。     

Expression of ECRG4, a novel esophageal cancer－related gene,downregulated by CpG island hypermethylation in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM: To study the mechanisms responsible for inactivation of a novel esophageal cancer related gene 4 (ECRG4) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: A pair of primers was designed to amplify a 220 bp fragment, which contains 16 CpG sites in the core promoter region of the ECRG 4 gene. PCR products of bisulfite-modified CpG islands were analyzed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), which were confirmed by DNA sequencing. The methylation status of ECRG 4 promoter in 20 cases of esophageal cancer and the adjacent normal tissues, 5 human tumor cell lines (esophageal cancer cell line-NEC, EC109, EC9706; gastric cancer cell line- GLC; human embryo kidney cell line-Hek293) and 2 normal esophagus tissues were detected. The expression level of the ECRG 4 gene in these samples was examined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The expression level of ECRG 4 gene was varied. Of 20 esophageal cancer tissues, nine were unexpressed, six were lowly expressed and five were highly expressed compared with the adjacent tissues and the 2 normal esophageal epithelia. In addition, 4 out of the 5 human cell lines were also unexpressed. A high frequency of methylation was revealed in 12 (8 unexpressed and 4 lowly expressed) of the 15 (80 %) downregulated cancer tissues and 3 of the 4 unexpressed cell lines. No methylation peak was observed in the two highly expressed normal esophageal epithelia and the methylation frequency was low (3/20) among the 20 cases in the highly expressed adjacent tissues. The methylation status of the samples was consistent with the result of DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the inactivation of ECRG 4 gene by hypermethylation is a frequent molecular event in ESCC and may be involved in the carcinogenesis of this cancer.     

肠型巴雷特食管危险因素临床分析

目的探讨肠型化生巴雷特食管（BE）的相关危险因素。 方法收集2017年1月至2020年1月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院诊治的55例肠型BE和性别、居住情况匹配的110例非肠型BE患者的临床资料，对两组患者基本状况、生活习惯以及临床病理参数进行回顾性分析，对比分析两组患者临床资料差异性，利用Logistic回归分析筛选肠型BE发生、发展相关的危险因素。 结果本院肠型BE患者检出率为3.7%（55例），其中男性占56.4%（31例），女性占43.6%（24例），平均年龄为57.73±6.54岁。肠型和非肠型BE患者在年龄、体重指数（BMI）、是否伴有胃食管反流病（GERD）症状和食管裂空疝、是否有食管癌家族史、血清幽门螺旋菌（HP）感染状态以及按化生的柱状上皮长度分型差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；在吸烟、饮酒、咖啡因摄入、饮茶习惯、结肠腺瘤诊断史及BE和结直肠癌家族史等上均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。年龄≥50岁（P=0.031，OR=3.027，95%CI：1.107-8.278）、BMI＞25 kg/m²（P=0.029，OR=2.300，95%CI：1.089-4.856）和食管癌家族史（P=0.020，OR=2.420，95%CI：1.152-5.084）是肠型BE的危险因素。 结论年龄≥50岁、高BMI以及食管癌家族史是BE，尤其是肠型BE的危险因素，应加强具有上述危险因素的高危人群的健康宣传和管理，注重消化系统内镜监测，防止其发展为恶性肿瘤。     

Original article: Expression of p53 as predictor for the development of esophageal cancer in achalasia patients

Patients with longstanding achalasia have an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer. Surveillance is hampered by chronic stasis. We investigated whether aberrant expressions of tumor suppressor gene p53 and proliferation marker ki67 are early predictors for progression to malignancy. In 399 achalasia patients, 4% died of esophageal cancer despite surveillance. We performed a cohort study, using surveillance biopsies from 18 patients (11 carcinoma, one high‐grade dysplasia [HGD], and six low‐grade dysplasia [LGD]) and 10 controls (achalasia patients without cancer or dysplasia development). One hundred sixty‐four biopsies were re‐evaluated and studied for p53 and ki67 expression using immunohistochemistry. Eighty‐two percent of patients with cancer/HGD showed p53 overexpression in surveillance biopsies at a mean of 6 (1–11) years prior to cancer development. In 67% of patients with LGD and only in 10% of the controls p53 overexpression was present. The proportion of samples with p53 overexpression increased with increasing grades of dysplasia. We found no difference for ki67 overexpression. p53 overexpression may identify achalasia patients at increased risk of developing esophageal carcinoma. Further study is needed to determine if patients with p53 overexpression would benefit from intensive surveillance to detect esophageal neoplasia at a potential curable stage.     

Risk factors of bladder cancer in Spain

A case-control study was performed on 406 (353 males and 53 females) bladder cancer patients and 406 controls matched in age, sex and date of admission to the hospital. The questionnaire included questions about socio-economic status, residence, personal and familial histories of diseases, professional occupations, and habits such as cigarette smoking and consumption of coffee, artificial sweeteners, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, and water. Up to three different exposures to occupational risks were taken into account. Data were studied by a discriminant analysis technique. The results suggest a multifactorial etiology for this disease. The factors increasing the risk of bladder cancer, listed in order of importance, were: total number of cigarettes smoked, history of urologic disease, second exposure to an occupational risk, use of artificially sweetened beverages, low consumption of water, family history of cancer, third occupational exposure to a risk, use of artificial sweeteners, and years of coffee drinking.     

幽门螺杆菌L型感染与食管癌及癌前病变中bcl-2表达关系的研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌L型(HpL)感染对食管癌及癌前病变凋亡调节基因bcl2蛋白表达的影响,探讨Hp-L在食管癌发生发展过程中可能的致癌机制。方法应用免疫组化和革兰染色技术检测51例食管鳞状细胞癌(原位癌16例,浸润癌35例)及69例鳞状上皮增生性病变(单纯增生15例,轻、中、重度不典型增生分别为21例、18例、15例)和20例正常食管粘膜鳞状上皮组织中HpL型和bcl2蛋白的表达情况,对HpL型阳性和阴性组织的bcl2蛋白表达进行比较分析。结果不同组织类型HpL型检出率在中、重度不典型增生、原位癌、浸润癌均比较高(55.6%～62.9%),与正常组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.005)。在120例食管病变组织中,61例HpL型阳性者的bcl2蛋白表达阳性有48例,占78.7%;79例HpL型阴性者的bcl2蛋白表达阳性24例,占40.7%,两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.005)。各病变组中HpL型感染阳性组的bcl2蛋白表达阳性率高于HpL型阴性组的bcl2蛋白表达阳性率,其差异均有显著性(P<0.005～P<0.025)。表明HpL型感染与bcl2蛋白表达存在着相关性。结论HpL型可能通过影响bcl2蛋白表达,使食管粘膜上皮细胞凋亡调控异常而涉及食管癌的发生发展过程。     

cystatin B基因在人食管癌中的表达

目的：研究cystatinB基因在人食管癌中的表达状况。方法：采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）方法检测41对食管癌组织及配对食管癌旁黏膜和食管癌细胞系EC9706和肺癌细胞系GLC82中cystatinB基因的表达。结果：cystatinB基因在82．95（34／41例）食管癌组织中的表达水平,低于配对的食管癌旁黏膜,且与食管癌淋巴结转移显著相关（P＜0．05）。在食中细胞系EC9706有微弱表达,在肺癌细胞系GLC82未检测到表达。结论：cystatinB基因在人食管癌中表达显著下调且与淋巴结转移相关。     

干扰LINC00707对食管癌细胞生物行为的影响

目的 探讨干扰LINC00707对食管癌细胞生物行为的影响及分子机制.方法 选取51例食管癌患者癌组织及癌旁正常组织,用实时荧光定量-聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测LINC00707和miR-382-5p的表达水平;将食管癌细胞EC9706随机分为对照(con)组、si-LINC00707组、si-NC组、miR-...     

Reported family aggregation of pancreatic cancer within a population-based case-control study in the Francophone community in Montreal, Canada.

As part of the SEARCH Collaborating Study Group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a population-based case-control study of cancer of the pancreas was conducted in Montreal, interviewing 179 patients and 179 controls matched for age, sex, and language (French) and selected by a modified random-digit dialing method. Results showed a positive and strong association between cigaret smoking and pancreatic cancer. Total fat, particularly saturated fat, and cholesterol consumption and excess energy derived from fat were associated with positive risk; dietary fiber intake, retinol equivalent, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and calcium showed inverse association with risk. History of such medical conditions as constipation, gallbladder problems, and diabetes was also found to be associated with risk. More important, 7.8% of the pancreatic cancer patients reported a positive family history of the same disease, as compared with 0.6% among controls, a 13-fold difference between cases and controls. Within the original case-control study a further study of patients with instances of familial pancreatic cancer was conducted, based on 14 cases and 56 matched controls. The results support the finding of the main study, and there were no apparent differences in environmental-risk-factor profile in familial and nonfamilial cases. This unusual aggregation of familial pancreatic cancer among French Canadians cannot be explained by environmental factors alone. Some familial predisposition (hereditary factors) may play an important role in the etiology of this cancer, at least in this study region. The findings suggest the potential importance of conducting genetic studies of pancreatic cancer.     

绝经期前女性冠心病的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的探讨绝经期前女性冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)的临床特点及相关危险因素。方法入选绝经期前女性CHD患者450例,并抽取同期通过冠状动脉造影确诊无CHD的400例女性患者作为对照。比较两组患者高血压、糖尿病、家族史、吸烟等危险因素及临床情况的差异。随访1年。结果 CHD组患者的高血压、糖尿病、吸烟和高血压家族史、糖尿病家族史、早期CHD家族史的比例均高于对照组(均为P<0.05)。两组患者的血脂水平(包括总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)和体质指数,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,早期CHD家族史(OR:4.669,95%CI:1.982～22.577,P=0.018)和高血压病史(OR:3.665,95%CI:1.153～11.586,P=0.028)是绝经期前女性患CHD的独立危险因素。结论绝经期前的女性CHD患者常同时合并多种危险因素,高血压和早期CHD家族史是绝经期前女性患CHD的独立危险因素。需提高对绝经期前女性CHD高危人群的警惕性。     

Diet and gastric cancer: a casecontrol study in Fujian Province, China

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