Major hepatic resection under total vascular exclusion

The major complications associated with liver resection are bleeding, hepatic decompensation and iatrogenic injury to the bile ducts and structures in the porta hepatis during its dissection. Operative blood loss and the amount of intraoperative blood transfusion has been shown repeatedly to be the single most important factor affecting the immediate prognosis of patients undergoing hepatic resection. Massive blood loss associated with the standard techniques of liver resection is frequently c…     

体内31磷磁共振光谱分析评估人肝再生的代谢调控和生长调节

Objectives Partial hepatectomy induces a rapid transformation within the remnant liver,prompting a wave of hepatocyte mitosis which abates when the lost cell mas has been recovered.The mechanism of co-ordinated control of metabolism and maintenance of function during this period of dynamic change is incompletely understood.Furthermore,the biochemical asis of growth regulation in the regenerating liver has not been well defined.We haee studied human liver regeneration using in vivo 31-phosphours magnetic resonance spectroscopy(^31P MRS).This non-invasive technique allows assay of high-energy phosphate compounds and also of phospholipid metabolites thought to be involved in cellular renewal processes.Methods Five patients undergoing liver resection were studied.Hepatic metabolism was evaluated using ^31P MRS before surgery and on postoperative days 2,4,6 and 14,Estimation of liver volume by magnetic resonance imaging and blood sampling for biochemistry were performed at the same time points.Results We found that the regenerative response following loss lf of liver parenchyma produced a reverisible decline in energy state which necessitated compensatory adjustments in liver synthetic and excretory functions.Volume regain was associated with altera tions in phospholipid metabolism,which normalized when the hepatic growth spurt was completed. Conclusion these observations indicate that modulation of hepatocyte energy economy is necessary for the integrated recovery of liver cell mass and function.We propose the deficient hepatic energy production may explain the mechanism of liver failure after hepatectomy,and suggest that in vivo measurement of liver metabolism may provide a rational basis for the development and evaluation of hepatic support strategies.     

氨甲环酸在人工关节外科领域的应用

Tranexamic acid （ TXA ） is economical and safe, with good hemostatic effects in joint surgery. The intravenous route is most commonly used. TXA can also be administrated orally or intra-articularly but not intrathecally or intra-cerebrally. Better hemostatic effects can be achieved both in spinal surgery and total hip arthroplasty （ THA ） with the use of TXA. TXA is generally injected intra-articularly in total knee arthroplasty （ TKA ） before the tourniquet was released and after the capsule was sutured. The patients who underwent TKA were divided into 2 groups, including one group receiving 1.5% TXA intra-articularly and the other group receiving 3.0% TXA intra-articularly. The postoperative blood loss volume was 1295 ml in the 1.5% TXA group, and 1208 ml in the 3.0% TXA group. Statistically signiifcant differences were observed between the 2 groups, and the patients receiving more TXA had less blood loss. Only the articular cavity is affected with the intra-articular administration of TXA. Such advantages as minimal systemic absorption, less intra-articular bleeding and reduced risk of deep venous thrombosis （ DVT ） and pulmonary embolism （ PE ） can be found with the intra-articular administration of TXA when compared with the intravenous administration. The intra-articular administration of TXA is superior to the intravenous administration. （ 1 ） Potential complications related to the intravenous administration of TXA can be avoided or decreased, particularly in high-risk patients, such as the patients with cardiovascular diseases, venous thromboembolism, renal dysfunction and so on. （ 2 ） The blood loss, blood transfusion and transfusion rate after TKA can be reduced with the intra-articular administration of TXA. TXA is contraindicated in the patients with a history of arterial or venous thrombosis, hematological system diseases, acute renal failure, seizures and/or hypersensitivity. Postoperative hemorrhage is caused by many factors, and the physicians should take comprehensive     

肝海绵状血管瘤二种手术方式的选用体会

Objective: To investigate the optimizing of operative techniques on cavernous hepatic hemangioma by compar-ing the effective of the two approaches (enucleation and hepatectomy). Methods: From May 1994 to September 2006, forty-three patients underwent the surgical removal of the cavernous hepatic hemangioma were analyzed retrospectively. Enucle-ation was used for 16 cases and hepatectomy for 27 cases. The relative clinical data and operative factors between the two operative techniques were compared. Results: Statistically significant differences in tumor size, location and intraoperative blood lose between the two groups were observed (P < 0.05 ). Although enucleation was associated with less intraoperative bleeding and transfusion requirement but no significant differences in postoperative liver functional parameter, complication and length of hospital stay were observed. Conclusion: With proper choice, enucleation and hepatectomy both are effective treatments for cavernous hepatic hemangiomas.     

Influence of Perioperative Blood Transfusion on Prognosis in Patients with Colon Cancer

Objective： To explore the influence of perioperative blood transfusion on the postoperative survival of patients with colon cancer. Methods： Univariate and multivariate retrospective analyses were performed on the survival in a total of 723 colon cancer patients which were treated surgically during a period of 10 years. Results： Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that more than 800 mL perioperative blood transfusion was the survival predictor. Blood transfusion influenced significantly the prognosis of patients 40 years old and younger, those undergoing helicoloectomy left side, those with papillary adenocarcinoma, those with big tumors （diameter ≥ 8 cm）, those with stage Ⅰ tumors, those with lymphatic node metastases and those without liver metastases. In multivariate analysis only the tumor location, radicality of operation, lymphatic invasion, liver metastasis, depth of tumor invasion and TNM stage retained their significance. Conclusion： Perioperative blood transfusion is some extent. The indication of blood transfusion the prognostic factor for patients with colon cancer to must be restricted strictly, specially in patients younger than 40 years old, with right side lesion, papillary adenocarcinoma, big tumors （diameter ≥8 cm）, stage Ⅰ tumors and lymphatic node metastases or without liver metastases. But perioperative blood transfusion may not be deleterious for patients with staging Ⅳ disease and with distant metastases.     

Preliminary Observation on the Influence of Tumor Osseous Metastasis on Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection

OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of tumor osseous metastasis on the patients undergoing autoiogous peripheral blood stem ceil collection. METHODS A total of 36 patients with malignant diseases who received an autoiogous peripheral blood stem ceil transplantation, during a period from April 2004 to June 2006, were chosen. The patients were divided into two groups, i.e. group A were patients with a complication of tumor osseous metastasis, and group B were without metastasis. Both groups were treated with Taxotere 120 mg/m^2 plus granuiocyte colony-stimulating factor （G-CSF） 5 μg/kg/d, for a mobilization regimen. A blood ceil separator was used to collect the mononuciear ceils. The proportion of harvested CD34＋ ceils in the peripheral blood and the collected mononuciear ceils were detected by flow cytometry. The number of CD34＋ ceils was used to determine the difference in the nature of the collections between the two groups. RESULTS After mobilization in groups A and B, the number of the peripheral blood mononuciear ceils （PBMC） was 39.3±14.7% and 41.1±12.4 % and the proportion of CD34＋ ceils was 0.16±0.07% and 0.17±0.10%, respectively. Following administration of the drugs, there was no significant difference between the number of harvested PBMC and CD34＋ cells of the two groups, i.e., 3.47±1.16×10^8/Kg and 2.52±1.43×10^6/Kg in group A and 4.02±1.31×10^8/Kg and 2.73±1.87×10^6/Kg in group B, respectively. CONCLUSION Osseous metastasis, as a single factor, may have no impact on mobilization and harvesting of hematopoietic stem ceils and their engraftment after autotransplantation.     

Judgement on Extended Hepatectomy for Primary Liver Cancer

Objective: To expore the indications and safety of extended hepatectomy for primary liver cancer (PLC). Methods: From Nov. 2000 to Oct. 2002, 33 patients with PLC received extended hepatectomy, 26 of whom were complicated with liver cirrhosis. Preoperative findings, intraoperative management and the outcome of postoperative recovery were analyzed and evaluated. Results: Operative mortality was zero in this group and postoperative morbidity of complications was 33.3%, and all complications were cured after proper treatment. Conclusion: Extended hepatectomy for PLC was safe and viable for the patients who had enough reserve of liver function if the incised liver volume was less than 50% of the liver and the supporting treatment of the remnant liver was given as well as the postoperative complications were managed appropriately.     

“Three-Grade Criteria” of Radical Resection for Primary Liver Cancer

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to develop the “Three- Grade Criteria” for radical resection of primary liver cancer （PLC） and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS Criteria for radical resection of PLC were summed up to 3 grades based on criterion development. Grade Ⅰ： complete removal of all gross tumors with no residual tumor at the excision margin. Grade Ⅱ： on the basis of Grade Ⅰ, additional 4 requirements were added： （1） the tumor was not more than two in number; （2） no tumor thrombi in the main trunks or the primary branches of the portal vein, the common hepatic duct or its primary branches, the hepatic veins or the inferior vena cava; （3）no hilar lymph nodes metastases; （4）no extrahepatic metastases. Grade Ⅲ ： in addition to the above criteria, negative postoperative follow-up result including AFP dropping to a normal level （with positive AFP before surgery） within 2 months after operation, and no residual tumor upon diagnostic imaging.The clinical data from 354 patients with PLC who underwent hepatectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the “Three-Grade Criteria” these patients were divided into 6 groups： Grade Ⅰ radical group, Grade Ⅰ palliative group, Grade Ⅱ radical group, Grade Ⅱ palliative group, Grade Ⅲ radical group, Grade Ⅲ palliative group. The survival rate of each group was calculated by the life-table method and the rates compared among the groups. RESULTS The survival rate of patients receiving radical treatment was better than those receiving palliative treatment （P〈0.01）. Survival improved as more criteria were applied. The 5-year survival rate of the patients in Grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ who underwent radical resection was 43.2%, 51.2% and 64.4%, respectively （P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION The “Three-Grade Criteria” may be applied for judging the curability of resection therapy for PLC. The stricter the criterion used, the better the survival would be. Adopting high-grade criteria to select cases and guide operations and strengthening postoperative follow-up would improve the results of hepatectomy for PLC.     

Prospective,single-center cohort study analyzing the efcacy of complete laparoscopic resection on recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Laparoscopic hepatectomy is increasingly being used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). How?ever, few studies have examined the treatment of recurrent HCC in patients who received a prior hepatectomy. The present prospective study compared the clinical efcacy of laparoscopic surgery with conventional open surgery in HCC patients with postoperative tumor recurrence. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 64 patients, all of whom had undergone open surgery once before, who were diagnosed with recurrent HCC between June 2014 and November 2014. The laparoscopic group (n = 31)underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy, and the control group (n tion time, intraoperative blood loss, surgical margins, postoperative pain scores, postoperative time until the patient= 33) underwent conventional open surgery. Opera?could walk, anal exsufation time, length of hospital stay, and inpatient costs were compared between the two groups. The patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery, and relapse?free survival was compared between the two groups. Results: All surgeries were successfully completed. No conversion to open surgery occurred in the laparoscopic group, and no serious postoperative complications occurred in either group. No significant difference in inpatient costs was found between the laparoscopic group and the control group (P = 0.079), but significant differencesbetween the two groups were observed for operation time (116.7 ± 37.5 vs. 148.2 ± 46.7 min, P = 0.031), intraopera?tive blood loss (117.5 ± 35.5 vs. 265.9 ± 70.3 mL, P = 0.012), postoperative time until the patient could walk (1.6 ± 0.6vs. 2.2 ± 0.8 days, P < 0.05), anal exsufation time (2.1 ± 0.3 vs. 2.8 ± 0.7 days, P = 0.041), visual analogue scale pain score (P < 0.05), postoperative hepatic function (P < 0.05), and length of hospital stay (4.5 ± 1.3 vs. 6.0 ± 1.2 days,P= 0.014). During the 1?year postoperative follow?up period, 6 patients in each group had recurrent HCC on the side of the initial operation, but no significant difference between groups was observed in the recurrence rate or relapse?free survival. In the laparoscopic group, operation time, postoperative time until the patient could walk, anal exsufation time, and inpatient costs were not different (P > 0.05) between the patients with contralateral HCC recur?rence (n = 18) and those with ipsilateral HCC recurrence (n = 13). However, intraoperative blood loss was signifi?cantly less (97.7 ± 14.0 vs. 186.3 ± 125.6 mL, P = 0.012) and the hospital stay was significantly shorter (4.2 ± 0.7 vs. 6.1 ± 1.7 days, P = 0.021) for the patients with contralateral recurrence than for those with ipsilateral recurrence. Conclusions: For the patients who previously underwent conventional open surgical resection of HCC, complete laparoscopic resection was safe and effective for recurrent HCC and resulted in a shorter operation time, less intraop?erative blood loss, and a faster postoperative recovery than conventional open surgery. Laparoscopic resection was especially advantageous for the patients with contralateral HCC recurrence.     

The Effects of Microwave Ablation and Surgical Resection on Hematogenous Dissemination of Cancer Cells in Treating Patients with Small Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To conduct a comparative study of the effects of treatment using microwave ablation versus surgical resection on hematogenous dissemination of cancer cells, and on the level of immune cells of the peripheral blood in patients with small primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC,≤5 cm). METHODS Forty patients with small PHC (maximal diameter≤5 cm) were divided into a microwave group (19 cases) and a surgical operation group (21 cases). A real-time (RT) quantitative nested RT-PCR examination was performed for peripheral blood alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA. Studies were conducted to determine the level of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 cells and for liver function at 30 min before, and 30 min,1 day and 3 days after the treatment. RESULTS Compared to the value before ablation, no obvious changes of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 cells were found in patients of the microwave group within 7 days after ablation, but CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 cells in the operation group were lower compared to that before operation. The copy number of AFP mRNA in the peripheral blood samples of the patients of the 2 groups before operation was determined in 67.5% of the patients (27/40). There was an rise in the expression after treatment but no statistical difference was found in comparing the 2 groups. Follow-up of the patients was conducted for 1 to 16 months. For patients with continuous expression of peripheral blood AFP mRNA, the possibility of relapse and metastasis was increased. CONCLUSION Surgical resection or microwave ablation can cause more exfoliation of hepatoma carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood of patients with small PHC. The immune function of peripheral blood cells decreased in the patients after surgical resection, however, the immune function was better protected following microwave ablation. Microwave ablation causes minor reduction in liver function, and the treatment method presents a definite value for PHC therapy.     

微波固化针在不规则肝脏切除治疗肝癌中的应用

目的:探讨微波固化针在不规则肝脏切除术中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析我科2011年9月至2013年9月联合微波固化针所施行的68例不规则性肝切除患者的临床资料(微波固化+不规则性肝切除组,A组),与肝切除数据库中同样行不规则肝切除患者进行配对(单纯不规则切除组,B组),并对两组对比分析.结果:两组围手术期均无死亡病例.微波固化在不规则肝脏切除术中无需行肝门阻断,手术时间、出血量、补血量、术后住院时间明显少于单纯行不规则性肝切除术,术后并发症少,恢复快(P＜0.05).而术后肝功能恢复情况两组并无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:微波固化针在不规则性肝切除术中的应用是安全有效的.在掌握传统方法阻断肝门切肝的基础上,使用微波固化针沿预切除线行微波固化带,可显著减少手术出血量,缩短肝门部阻断及总体时间,且患者术后康复较快.     

控制性低中心静脉压联合肝血流阻断在肝癌切除术中的应用

目的:观察控制性低中心静脉压（controlled low central venous pressure,CLCVP ）联合肝血流阻断对肝切除术中出血及血流动力学变化的影响。方法:选取天津医科大学肿瘤医院2014年6 月至2014年12月60例肝叶/ 段切除术患者,随机分成肝血流阻断组（Ⅰ组）和肝血流阻断联合CLCVP 组（Ⅱ组）。 Ⅰ组在肝切除过程中只应用肝血流阻断技术,采用常规液体管理,维持中心静脉压（central venous pressure,CVP ）为6～12cmH2O;Ⅱ组在肝切除过程中联合应用肝血流阻断和CLCVP 技术。CLCVP 包括:限制液体输入和输注硝酸甘油,即从手术开始到肝实质分离完成时,液体输注速度控制在1～3 mL/（kg · h）左右,并以输注晶体液为主,必要时输注硝酸甘油,维持CVP ≤ 5 cmH2O;在肝切除后,快速输入乳酸钠林格氏液和羟乙基淀粉130/ 0.4 氯化钠注射液,恢复正常 CVP 。记录两组患者基本情况和手术信息,记录术前、气管插管后 5 min、肝切除开始、肝切除 20min、肝切除后 5 min、手术结束时的平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure ,MAP ）、心率（heartrate ,HR）、CVP 、脑电双频谱指数（bispectral index,BIS）等。结果:与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组手术时间、出血量、输血量均明显减少（P < 0.05）,两组尿量无显著性差异（P > 0.05）。 两组患者术前各项指标比较无显著性差异（P > 0.05）。 术中不同时点,两组患者MAP 、HR也无显著性差异（P > 0.05）。 与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组CVP 在肝切除开始及肝切除20min时显著下降（P < 0.05）,BIS值在肝切除开始、肝切除20min及肝切除后5 min显著降低（P < 0.05）。 结论:肝血流阻断联合应用CLCVP 技术能够有效降低肝切除术的术中出血量和减少输血。      

Selective continuous vascular occlusion and perioperative fluid restriction in partial hepatectomy. Outcomes in 101 consecutive patients.

BACKGROUND: This study documents patient outcomes with one department's approach to performing partial hepatectomy. METHODS: 101 consecutive patients underwent: preoperative dehydration; intraoperative CVP <5 cm H(2)O and selective continuous vascular occlusion. Outcome variables: pathology; type of hepatic resection; intraoperative blood loss and transfusion rate; 30 day morbidity and mortality; disease free and long term survival. Perioperative liver function was assessed by serial blood sampling. RESULTS: Of 101 resections: 90% malignant disease; 59% major resections and 35% synchronous procedures. Median estimated blood loss was 400 mL (mean 512 mL, range 50-3000 mL) with postoperative transfusions in 4%. Thirty day morbidity was 20% with no deaths. Median time to local recurrence after colorectal liver metastases resection was 17.1 months with 3 year survival of 51%. Distinct perioperative changes in hepatic function were seen. CONCLUSION: Selective continuous vascular occlusion and perioperative fluid restriction result in minimal blood loss, low morbidity and zero mortality in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy.     

术中目标导向液体治疗在腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿中的应用

目的:探讨基于脉压变异度（PPV）的目标导向液体治疗（GDFT）在腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿中的应用。方法:择期行腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿64例,年龄0.5~3岁,ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ级。随机将患儿分为目标导向液体治疗组（G组）和常规液体治疗组（C组）,每组32例。G组以PPV为指导,根据GDFT方案进行液体管理,C组采用常规液体管理。记录手术开始（T1）、手术开始后1 h（T2）、手术结束（T3）的MAP、CVP、PPV、Lac值、TNF-α、IL-6浓度。记录术中输注晶体液量、胶体液量、液体总量、出血量、尿量、手术时间、多巴胺使用率以及排气时间、术后住院时间和恶心呕吐发生率。结果:G组输注晶体液量显著少于C组（P＜0.05）,而输注胶体液量显著多于C组（P＜0.05）。两组术中输注液体总量、出血量、尿量与多巴胺使用率方面差异无统计学意义。T2、T3时刻,G组PPV、TNF-α、IL-6显著低于C组（P＜0.05）,而两组间MAP、CVP、Lac在各时点差异无统计学意义。G组术后排气时间明显短于C组（P＜0.05）,而在术后恶心呕吐发生率和住院时间方面两组差异无统计学意义。结论:PPV指导的GDFT可以应用于腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿,能维持其血流动力学稳定,减少炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α释放,促进胃肠功能恢复,但对术后转归无明显影响。     

肝癌腹腔镜及开腹治疗的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜及开腹肝癌切除术的治疗效果.方法:选取2012年4月至2014年12月的22例腹腔镜肝癌切除术(腔镜组)与57例开腹肝癌切除术(开腹组)患者,对比两者的相关临床资料.结果:两组均顺利完成肝癌切除术.腔镜组术中出血量、拔管时间、术后引流量、术后住院时间均明显少于开腹组(P＜0.05),而手术时间两组无明显差异(P＞0.05),治疗后腔镜组并发症发生率、复发率、生存率依次为4.5％、0％、100％,开腹组依次为10.5％、5.3％、94.7％,两组并发症发生率差别无意义(P＞0.05),腔镜组较开腹组生存率高、复发率低(P＜0.05).术后腹腔镜组AST、ALT、ALB以及TBIL水平均明显优于开腹组(P＜0.05).结论:腹腔镜肝癌切除术安全可靠,与开腹手术比较,具有手术创伤小,术后恢复快,住院时间短的优点.     

Remnant liver regeneration after two-stage hepatectomy for multiple bilobar colorectal metastases.

AIMS: Two-stage hepatectomy for multiple, bilobar liver metastases from colorectal cancer aimed to minimize liver failure risk by performing the second resection after regeneration, but impact of this strategy on volume of the future liver remnant (FLR) remained to be demonstrated. We compared two-stage hepatectomy with one stage following portal vein embolization (PVE) for multiple, bilobar liver metastases from colorectal cancer as to effects on volume of the FLR. METHODS: Forty-three patients undergoing major hepatectomy for multiple colorectal cancer metastases were divided retrospectively into patients undergoing hepatectomy following PVE (n=21) and those undergoing two-stage hepatectomy (n=22). Increases in FLR volume were compared. RESULTS: While the increase in the volume FLR averaged approximately 70 mL (302.6 mL before PVE vs. 370.9 mL after PVE) and the increase in the ratio of FLR to total liver volume averaged approximately 7.5% (30.2% to 37.5%) following PVE, first-stage hepatectomy increased FLR volume by approximately 100mL (from 259.4 to 361.4), and the ratio, by 15% (26.9% to 41.6%). The FLR hypertrophy ratio relative to pre-procedure volume estimates in the two-stage group (50.2%) was twice that in the PVE group (25.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Superiority of two-stage hepatectomy in hypertrophy of the FLR was confirmed.     

选择性出入肝血流阻断在肝脏巨大肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的 探讨选择性出入肝血流阻断(SHVE)在肝脏巨大肿瘤切除术中应用的优势.方法 回顾性分析29例施行肝脏巨大肿瘤切除术患者的临床资料,随机分为SHVE组(15例)和第一肝门阻断组[(Pringle组),14例],比较两组患者的术中肝血流阻断时间、肝切除范围、出血量、术后肝功能恢复情况、术后2 d平均腹腔引流量以及并发症发生率等指标.结果 两组患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、术中肝血流阻断时间以及肝切除范围的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).SHVE组患者的术中出血量为(282.1±286.5)ml,明显少于Pringle组[(721.5±512.1)ml,P＜0.05].SHVE组患者术后第1、3、7天血清前白蛋白含量明显高于Pringle组(P＜0.05),血清谷丙转氨酶和总胆红素含量明显低于Pringle组(P＜0.05).SHVE组患者术后2 d平均引流量为(189.4±103.5)ml,明显少于Pringle组[(249.5±108.7)ml,P＜0.05].Pringle组有1例发生肝功能衰竭,SHVE组无一例发生肝功能衰竭.Pringle组有4例发生肝静脉损伤,3例发生肝静脉破裂大出血,1例发生空气栓塞;SHVE组虽有5例发生肝静脉损伤,但无一例发生肝静脉破裂大出血或空气栓塞.结论 SHVE术可以提高肝脏巨大肿瘤切除患者对手术的耐受性,是合理安全的肝脏手术术式.     

Effect of subcentimeter nonpositive resection margin on hepatic recurrence in patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Evidences from 663 liver resections.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate if a nonpositive <1-cm resection margin has any effect on hepatic recurrence in patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six hundred and nine patients underwent 663 liver resections. Patients with positive margin were excluded from the analysis. Two groups were studied: group A, <1-cm resection margin and group B, > or =1-cm resection margin. RESULTS: A total of 545 liver resections in 523 patients were carried out with nonpositive resection margins. With a median follow-up of 25 months, the 5-year cumulative hepatic recurrence reached 54% in group A (n = 206) and 41% in group B (n = 339). Factors associated with hepatic recurrence were synchronic metastases (P = 0.0015), bilobar (P < 0.001), two or more metastases (P < 0.001), margin <1 cm (P = 0.0123) and extrahepatic disease (P = 0.0037). A strong correlation between resection margin and number of metastases was confirmed (P < 0.001). At multivariate analysis only two factors were independent predictors of hepatic recurrence: multinodular disease in the liver specimen [> or =4 metastases hazard ratio (HR) = 3.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2-5.38; P < 0.001] and extrahepatic disease at hepatectomy (HR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.58-3.32). CONCLUSION: Subcentimeter nonpositive resection margins do not directly influence hepatic recurrence in patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases.     

区域性肝血流阻断在肝癌切除术中的应用与近期效果

目的:探讨区域性肝血流阻断在肝癌切除术中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析69例肝癌切除术患者的临床资料,其中行区域性肝血流阻断肝癌切除38例,全肝入肝血流阻断（Pringle法）肝癌切除31例,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率、术后并发症发生率、谷草转氨酶（AST）、引流量、排气时间、术后住院时间和标本切缘满意率。结果:与Pringle法肝癌切除组比较,区域性肝血流阻断肝癌切除组患者术中出血量、术后引流量、术后AST水平及并发症发生率均明显降低（均P<0.05）;标本切缘满意率显著提高（P<0.05）。而术中输血率、术后排气时间、术后住院时间比较,两组间差异无统计学差异（均P>0.05）。结论:用区域性肝血流阻断法行肝癌切除术,具有术中出血少,手术打击小,肿瘤切缘满意率高,术后渗出和并发症少等优点。     

Microwave coagulation therapy for multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Compared with other treatments, microwave coagulation is a relatively less invasive treatment for various kinds of solid tumors. Although its effectiveness in primary hepatocellular carcinoma has been shown, its effectiveness in the treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma has been unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness in the treatment of multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma by comparing this technique with that of hepatic resection. METHODS: Thirty patients with multiple metastatic colorectal tumors in the liver who were potentially amenable to hepatic resection were randomly assigned to treatment with microwave coagulation (14 patients) or hepatectomy (16 patients). Tumors in the microwave group were coagulated after laparotomy at an output of 60-100 W for 2-20 minutes under the guide of ultrasonography, whereas tumors in the hepatectomy group were treated with lobectomy, segmentectomy, subsegmentectomy, and/or wedge resection. RESULTS: One-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates and mean survival times were 71%, 57%, 14%, and 27 months, respectively, in the microwave group, whereas they were 69%, 56%, 23%, and 25 months, respectively, in the hepatectomy group. The difference between these two groups was statistically not significant (P = 0.83). On the other hand, the amount of intraoperative blood loss in the microwave group (360 +/- 230 mL) was smaller than that in the hepatectomy group (910 +/- 490 mL, P < 0.05). Blood transfusion was necessary for 6 patients in the hepatectomy group, but it was not necessary in the microwave group. CONCLUSIONS: Microwave coagulation therapy is suggested to be equally effective as hepatic resection in the treatment of multiple (two to nine) hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma, whereas its surgical invasiveness is less than that of hepatic resection.