不同方法评估不同糖代谢人群胰岛素抵抗结果的分析

目的探讨临床工作中不同糖代谢状态下不同胰岛素抵抗评估方法的可靠性。方法对25~73岁的正常糖耐量(NGT)者448例;空腹血糖受损(IFG)者56例;糖耐量受损(IGT)者197例;IFG合并IGT(IFG+IGT)者63例;糖尿病(DM)患者225例,采用以下6种方法评估不同糖代谢状态下胰岛素抵抗程度:(1)OGTT计算胰岛素敏感指数;(2)HOMA-IR;(3)李光伟胰岛素敏感指数[1/(FINS×FPG)];(4)胰岛素曲线下面积(AUCinsulin);(5)葡萄糖曲线下面积/胰岛素曲线下面积比值(AUCglucose/AUCinsulin);(6)空腹血糖/空腹胰岛素比值(FPG/FINS)。结果OGTT计算胰岛素敏感指数、HOMA-IR以及1/(FINS×FPG)显示,IFG、IFG+IGT、IGT、DM组胰岛素抵抗显著高于NGT(P<0.05),而DM组显著高于NGT、IFG、IFG+IGT、IGT组(P<0.05);AUCinsulin显示,IGT组胰岛素抵抗显著高于NGT、IFG、IFG+IGT、DM组(P<0.05),而DM组显著低于NGT、IFG、IFG+IGT、IGT组(P<0.05);AUCglucose/AUCinsulin、FPG/FINS显示,NGT、IFG、IFG+IGT、IGT四组患者之间胰岛素抵抗差异无显著性(P>0.05),而DM组显著高于NGT、IFG、IFG+IGT、IGT组(P<0.05)。结论OGTT计算胰岛素敏感指数、1/(FINS×FPG)与HOMA-IR得出结果基本一致,并且OGTT计算胰岛素敏感指数可以分辨不同糖调节异常状态下胰岛素抵抗程度;AUCinsulin、AUCglucose/AUCinsulin、FPG/FINS不能准确分辨不同糖代谢人群胰岛素抵抗程度。     

不同糖耐量冠心病患者炎症因子水平与动脉硬化程度及胰岛素抵抗的研究

目的 探讨不同糖耐量水平及炎症因子对动脉粥样硬化(AS)形成的影响.方法 选择2004年5月-2006年5月该院住院患者,经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病患者300例,均进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),分为糖耐量正常(NGT)组、单纯空腹血糖受损(IFG)组、单纯糖耐量受损(IGT)组、空腹血糖受损合并糖耐量受损(IFG/IGT组)、糖尿病(DM)组5组,均测血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、空腹血糖(FPG),血胰岛素(INS)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C),用Fridewald 公式计算低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C).口服75 g葡萄粉0.5和2 h后测血糖、血INS,计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、△I30/△G30、李氏B细胞胰岛素分泌指数(MBCI);同时对5组冠脉造影结果进行分析.结果 体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、TG、TC、LDL-C在5组中依次升高,HDL-C在5组中依次降低,IFG组、IGT组、IFG/IGT组、DM组4组BMI、WHR、SBP、DBP、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C与NGT组比较差异显著.IGT组、IFG/IGT组、DM组SBP、DBP、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C与IFG组比较差别显著.IFG组、IGT组、IFG/IGT组、DM组的FPG 0.5、1 h、空腹血胰岛素(Fins)、0.5 hINS、ISI、△I30/△G30与NGT组比较差别显著;IGT组、IFG/IGT组、DM组3组PBG2h明显高于IFG组;IGT组、IFG/IGT组两组2 hINS水平明显高于IFG组;IGT组、IFG/IGT组、DM组3组李氏B细胞胰岛素分泌指数(MBCI)明显低于NGT组和IFG组,NGT组和IFG组两组MBCI差别不显著.IGT组、IFG/IGT组、DM组3组hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α明显高于NGT组,IFG组与NGT组差别无统计学意义.IGT组、IFG/IGT组、DM组3组冠状动脉1支病变发生率明显低于NGT组和IFG组;IGT组、IFG/IGT组、DM组3组2支病变和3支病变发生率明显高于NGT组和IFG组,NGT组和IFG组冠状动脉病变发生率差别不显著.结论 炎症反应参与了从FPG异常、糖耐量异常到DM的发展过程.冠心病合并IGT、IFG/IGT、DM时较合并NGT和IFG者有更严重的冠状动脉病变发生率.     

不同糖代谢状态下游离脂肪酸与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能的相关性研究

目的　游离脂肪酸 (FFAs)水平在不同糖代谢状态下对胰岛素抵抗和胰岛 β细胞分泌功能的影响。 方法　选自2 0 0 1- 0 5 2 0 0 3- 11在中国医科大学附属第一医院住院的糖耐量正常 (NGT) 2 8例 ,空腹血糖异常 (IFG)患者 2 0例 ,糖耐量低减 (IGT)患者 2 3例 ,IFG/IGT患者 2 6例 ,2型糖尿病 (T2DM)患者 2 5例。测定各组FFAs水平 ,稳态模型评估胰岛素敏感性 ,HOMA IS及OGTT中糖负荷后 30分钟胰岛素增值与血糖增值的比值评估胰岛 (细胞分泌功能。结果　 (1)IGT组、IFG/IGT组及T2DM组患者FFAs水平明显高于NGT组 ;IFG/IGT组患者FFAs水平明显高于IFG组 ;T2DM组患者FFAs水平低于IGT组。 (2 )IGT组、IFG/IGT组及T2DM组患者HOMA IR均明显高于NGT组。(3)胰岛素分泌功能均以T2DM患者变化最显著。 (4)FFAs与HOMA -IR呈正相关 ;FFAs与胰岛素分泌指数呈负相关 ,FFAs与HOMA β细胞功能指数呈负相关。 结论　FFAs水平与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌缺陷密切相关     

不同糖耐量状态者血清SICAM-1和SVCAM-1水平与炎症相关性研究

按口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果,将研究对象分为正常糖耐量(NGT)组、单纯空腹血糖受损(IFG)组、单纯糖耐量受损(IGT)组、IFG与IGT并存(IFG/ICT)组及2型糖尿病(DM)组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别检测上述人群的血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子1(SICAM-1)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子1(SVCAM-1)和超敏C反应蛋白水平(hr-CRP),并与糖脂代谢指标和稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA- IR)作相关性分析。结果显示,血清SICAM-1、SVCAM-1和hs-CRP水平按分组顺序逐组升高,提示2型DM的发病过程与内皮细胞损伤和炎症状态有关。     

单纯IGT和单纯IFG个体高敏C反应蛋白水平的差异及相关因素分析

目的比较正常空腹血糖／正常糖耐量（NFG／NGT）、空腹血糖受损（IFG）、糖耐量减低（IGT）及IFG／IGT个体的血清高敏C反应蛋白（hsC-RP）水平的差异，并对其相关因素进行分析。方法将443名39～65岁非糖尿病（DM）个体根据OGTT分为以下4组：NFG／NGT、单纯IFG、单纯IGT和IFG／IGT组。比较各组间血清hsC-RP的差异，并对与之相关的变量进行统计学分析。结果IGT组比IFG组hsC-RP水平明显升高（P〈0．05），IFG组与NFG／NGT组以及IGT组与IFG／IGT组间的hsC-RP水平没有明显统计学差异（P〉0．05）。多元逐步回归分析显示，BMI和胰岛素抵抗指数是hsC-RP的独立预告因子。结论IGT比IFG个体的血清hsC-RP水平明显升高，hsC-RP与胰岛素抵抗和代谢综合征的多种组分相关。     

糖调节受损人群胰岛素抵抗与胰岛β细胞功能的关系

将142例健康查体者分为正常糖耐量（NGT）组、单纯空腹血糖受损（IFG）组、单纯糖耐量受损（IGT）组、IFG＋IGT组和新诊断的2型糖尿病（T2DM）组共5组,评价各组胰岛素抵抗、基础状态下及糖负荷后的胰岛素分泌功能。结果糖调节受损人群存在基础和糖负荷后胰岛β细胞分泌功能受损及显著的胰岛素抵抗,且IFG和IGT人群有不同的病理生理特征。认为应针对IFG和IGT的不同特点给予相应的早期干预。     

糖调节受损的临床特征及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨糖调节受损(IGR)的临床特征及其与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系。方法对成年健康体检者进行调查,IGR诊断分组采用WHO1999年标准。结果(1)IGR的检出率为24.9%,与糖耐量正常(NGT)组比较,IGR组年龄、体重指数(BMI)、腰/臀比(WHR)、血压、胰岛素(Fins)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、HOMA-IR显著增高,而高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、HO-MA-β明显降低。与糖尿病(DM)组比较,IGR组血压、Fins、TC、TG、HOMA-IR升高的程度不如DM组显著,HOMA-β降低程度较DM组轻。(2)IGR组代谢综合征(MS)的检出率分别为单纯空腹血糖受损(IFG)60.0%、单纯糖耐量减低(IGT)65.7%、IFG IGT60.7%,IR检出率分别为IFG80.0%、IGT45.5%、IFG IGT53.6%,均明显高于NGT组。结论IGT是IGR的主要类型;IGR者已经表现出各种代谢异常,并存在不同程度的IR及胰岛素分泌功能紊乱。     

不同糖耐量人群胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能减退的差异

目的探讨不同糖耐量人群胰岛素抵抗（IR）和胰岛B细胞功能状态。方法分析5523例患者行OGTT和胰岛素释放试验的结果，根据WHO标准将研究对象分为糖代谢正常（NGT）组、单纯空腹血糖升高（IFG）组、单纯糖耐量减低（IGT）组、空腹血糖升高合并糖耐量受损（IFG＋IGT）组和2型糖尿病（T2DM）组。结果（1）HOMA-IR：IFG、IGT、IFG＋IGT和T2DM组比NGT组分别增加41％、19％、47％和69％（P〈0．01）。（2）校正IR影响后，IFG、IGT、IFG＋IGT和T2DM组比NGT组HOMA-β分别下降54％、19％、55％和68％，△I30/△G30分别下降47％、40％、63％和82％（P〈0．001）；IFG、IFG＋IGT和T2DM组AUCI比NGT组分别下降27％、26％和30％（P〈0．01）。结论（1）从IGT、IFG、IFG＋IGT到T2DM发展过程中IR程度逐渐加重，胰岛β细胞早时相分泌和基础分泌功能逐渐衰竭，晚时相分泌代偿能力功能减弱，总体分泌功能逐渐减退。（2）从NGT、IGT、IFG、IFG＋IGT到T2DM的糖代谢异常发生发展过程反映了胰岛β细胞早时相、基础和整体分泌功能逐渐衰退变化规律。     

2型糖尿病患者一级亲属胰岛素抵抗与胰岛B细胞功能缺陷的临床研究

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗与胰岛B细胞功能缺陷在2型糖尿病(T2DM)发生中的作用。方法收集2004年4月至2005年6月解放军总医院门诊及住院T2DM患者的既往无糖耐量异常史的一级亲属,其中糖耐量正常(NGT)组174例、空腹血糖受损(IFG)或糖耐量低减(IGT)组55例,以及12例新发T2DM与同期收集的59例新发T2DM合并为新发糖尿病(T2DM)组;以其无糖尿病家族史的配偶或无血缘关系亲友中糖耐量正常者114名作为正常对照(NC)组。酶联免疫法测定血清真胰岛素(trueinsulin,TI)、胰岛素原(proinsulin,PI)。用胰岛素抵抗指数(Homa-IR)评价胰岛素抵抗。用空腹胰岛素原与空腹胰岛素比值(PI/TI)及B细胞功能指数(Homa-B),评估胰岛B细胞功能状态,并做对比分析。结果一级亲属中NGT组与NC组相比,Homa-IR显著高于NC组,PI/TI及Homa-B显著低于NC组。而且从NC至NGT至IGT或IFG至DM组,胰岛素抵抗进行性加重。胰岛B细胞分泌缺陷进行性加重,PI/TI逐渐升高,但LnHoma-B下降直至T2DM组才具显著意义(NC组为4.40±0.60,T2DM组为3.38±0.96)。结论T2DM患者一级亲属作为糖尿病的高危人群,在发生糖代谢异常前就存在胰岛素抵抗和胰岛分泌功能缺陷,且胰岛素抵抗和胰岛分泌功能缺陷与T2DM的发病相关;胰岛素原比例增加以及胰岛素原与真胰岛素比值升高是反映胰岛分泌功能缺陷的早期标志。     

初诊2型糖尿病患者长期综合干预对糖代谢转归的影响

目的 探讨长期综合干预2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖代谢的转归及影响因素.方法 对129例初诊T2DM患者进行为期6年的综合干预,定期随访,监测体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、血压、血脂、空腹血糖(FPG)及餐后2小时血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及空腹胰岛素(FIns),计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).随访结束时行75g 口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),据此将患者分为DM组和非DM (NDM) 组,后者包括正常糖耐量(NGT)、糖耐量受损(IGT)、空腹血糖受损(IFG)及IGT+IFG,分析DM的转归及影响因素.结果 (1)129例T2DM患者6年后有14例(10.9%)转变为NGT,27(20.9%)例转变为IGT、IFG或IGT+IFG,88例(68.2%)仍为DM.(2)NDM组基线时FPG、WHR、甘油三酯(TG)低于DM组;终点时WHR、HbA1c、FPG、2hPG水平低于DM组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)高于DM组;两组治疗后BMI、HDL-C的变化值(△BMI、△HDL-C)差异有统计学意义.(3)基线时两组OGTT试验各点胰岛素水平、HOMA-IR及ISI无显著性差异,终点时NDM组OGTT试验0.5h、1h胰岛素水平及ISI高于DM组,HOMA-IR低于DM组;与DM组相比,NDM组治疗后胰岛素的敏感性明显改善.(4)Logistic回归显示OGTT 0.5h胰岛素与DM的缓解呈独立正相关,△HOMA-IR、△BMI与DM的缓解呈独立负相关.结论 (1)长期综合干预可使相当多的T2DM患者获得缓解.(2)控制体重、减轻胰岛素抵抗、恢复早相胰岛素分泌是DM长期缓解的重要因素.     

Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in Japanese subjects with impaired fasting glucose and isolated fasting hyperglycemia

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a subgroup of impaired glucose regulation exhibiting an elevated fasting glucose levels without elevated 2-h glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Diabetes mellitus with isolated fasting hyperglycemia (DM/IFH) is a similar subgroup of diabetes having higher fasting glucose levels with 2-h glucose levels within the non-diabetic range. The aim of this study is to profile the characteristics of these subgroups to estimate the factors involved in the development from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) via IFG to DM/IFH. Five hundred and sixty seven Japanese males were classified on the basis of 75 g OGTT into four groups, NGT, IFG, DM/IFH, and isolated impaired glucose tolerance (isolated IGT). Insulin secretion was evaluated by insulinogenic index, insulin sensitivity was evaluated by ISI composite, and insulin secretory patterns were compared additionally. IFG and DM/IFH subjects exhibited both lower insulin secretion and lower insulin sensitivity than NGT subjects. There was an insulin peak in NGT, IFG, and DM/IFH at 60 min, which did not occur in isolated IGT. Impaired early-phase and basal insulin secretion and decreased insulin sensitivity both are estimated as factors in progression from NGT via IFG to DM/IFH in these subjects. IFG and DM/IFH subjects have definite fasting hyperglycemia in contrast to isolated IGT subjects, 2-h glucose levels being maintained within the non-diabetic range partly by the insulin peak at 60 min.     

不同血糖状态下血清超敏C反应蛋白、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1水平的变化及与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的检测不同血糖状态人群空腹血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）水平,探讨hs—CRP、PAI-1与胰岛素抵抗之间的关系。方法选取健康对照组、糖耐量减低组、2型糖尿病组受试者各30例,测定受试者空腹血清hs—CRP、PAI-1、血脂、空腹胰岛素等项目,应用稳态模型评估法评价胰岛素抵抗。结果2型糖尿病组、糖耐量减低组、对照组依次比较,hs—CRP、PAI-1、胰岛素抵抗指数均有显著升高（P均〈0．05）;多元逐步回归分析显示体重指数、hs—CRP、PAI-1是影响胰岛素抵抗的重要危险因素。结论2型糖尿病人群、糖耐量减低人群存在明显的胰岛素抵抗,hs—CRP、PAI-1、BMI是加重胰岛素抵抗的危险因素;糖调节受损时期即可能存在慢性炎症反应,并出现大血管病变的一些病理生理改变。     

不同状态的糖调节受损患者胰岛素分泌和胰岛素敏感性的差异

目的评估初发的单纯空腹血糖受损（IFG）和单纯糖耐量受损（IGT）患者的胰岛素分泌以及胰岛素敏感性（IS）特征。方法北京市东城区既往无糖尿病史的2388名受试者行葡萄糖耐量试验,同时行胰岛素释放试验,本文纳入2244例,其中糖耐量正常（NGT）1608例,IFG240例,IGT243例,IFG＋IGT 153例。比较各组胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、IS指数（Matsudaindex）、B细胞功能指数（1相Stumvoll index、△I30／△G30）。结果与NGT组比较,其余三组HOMA-IR显著升高,Matsuda指数及B细胞功能指数均显著降低（P均〈0．01）;IFG组HOMA-IR及Matsuda指数均高于IGT组;IFG组△I30／△G30高于IGT组,而Stumvoll指数低于IGT组（P〈0．01）;与IFG组、IGT组比较,IFG＋IGT组HOMA-IR显著升高,Matsuda指数、1相Stumvoll指数显著降低（P均〈0．01）。结论糖尿病前期人群存在不同程度的胰岛素分泌缺陷和IR,IFG组肝IR较重,而IGT组肌肉IR较重。     

Adipocytes in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance are resistant to the anti-lipolytic effect of insulin

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are two intermediate states in the transition from normal glucose metabolism to type 2 diabetes. Insulin clamp studies have shown that subjects with IGT have increased insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, while subjects with IFG have near normal muscle insulin sensitivity. Because of the central role of altered free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, we have examined plasma free fatty acid concentration under fasting conditions, and during OGTT in subjects with IGT and IFG. Seventy-one NGT, 70 IGT and 46 IFG subjects were studied. Fasting plasma FFA in IGT subjects was significantly greater than NGT, while subjects with IFG had similar fasting plasma FFA concentration to NGT. However, fasting plasma insulin concentration was significantly increased in IFG subjects compared to NGT while subjects with IGT had near normal fasting plasma insulin levels. The adipocyte insulin resistance index (product of fasting plasma FFA and FPI) was significantly increased in both IFG and IGT subjects compared to NGT. During the OGTT both IFG and IGT subjects suppressed their plasma FFA concentration similarly to NGT subjects, but the post-glucose loads were significantly increased in both IFG and IGT subjects. These data suggest that both subjects with IFG and IGT have increased resistance to the antilipolytic action of insulin. However, under basal conditions, fasting hyperinsulinemia in IFG subjects is sufficient to offset the adipocyte insulin resistance and maintain normal fasting plasma FFA concentration while the lack of increase in FPI in IGT subjects results in an elevated fasting plasma FFA.     

空腹血糖异常、糖耐量减低患者血清胰岛素水平的变化及其意义

目的 观察空腹血糖异常(IFG)、糖耐量减低(IGT)患者血清胰岛素水平的变化。方法 对50例空腹血糖和糖耐量正常者(NGT)、40例IFC和80例IGT患者行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(0GTT)，用氧化酶法检测血糖，用放免法测定血清空腹及餐后2小时胰岛素。结果 IFG、IGT组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平及胰岛素敏感指数较NGT组明显升高(P＜0.05或P＜0．01)，IFG组胰岛素敏感指数与IGT组比较无显著性差异(P＞0．05)。结论 在IFG、IGT状态下已经存在胰岛素抵抗，而且在程度上两者间并没有显著性差异，应早期干预治疗。     

Differences in insulin resistance and pancreatic B‐cell function in obese subjects with isolated impaired glucose tolerance and isolated impaired fasting glucose

Aims To investigate changes in insulin action and insulin secretion in obese subjects with different categories of impaired glucose regulation (IGR): impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and combined IFG/IGT (CGI). Methods A total of 222 subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT); 100 had normal glucose tolerance (subdivided into 32 lean NGT, 68 obese NGT), and 122 were obese with IGR (82 IGT, 14 IFG and 26 CGI). The insulin sensitivity index (S_I) was assessed by Bergman's minimal model method with FSIGTT; insulin secretion was determined by acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg). The disposition index (DI), the product of AIRg and S_I, was used to determine whether AIRg was adequate to compensate for insulin resistance. Results S_I was similar in NGT and IGR obese subgroups. AIRg was significantly increased in obese NGT as compared with lean NGT, significantly reduced in IGT, and further reduced in IFG and CGI subjects as compared with obese NGT subgroups. DI was reduced in NGT obese individuals. Within the obese IGR subgroups, IFG and CGI subjects had even lower DI value than IGT subjects. Conclusions Obese Chinese subjects with IGR have a similar degree of insulin resistance but differ in insulin secretion. Subjects with IFG and CGI have a more prominent deficiency in insulin secretion than subjects with IGT.     

1193例住院高血压病患者胰岛素分泌和敏感性情况

目的用口服葡萄糖耐量试验中各点血糖和胰岛素的值来计算反映胰岛素敏感性及β细胞功能的参数,回顾性研究住院高血压病人糖代谢情况。方法根据WHO和美国糖尿病协会标准计算血糖分布情况,去除新诊断的糖尿病病人后,分成正常血糖(NGT)、单纯性空腹血糖升高(IFG)、单纯性餐后血糖升高(IGT)和空腹、餐后血糖均升高(IFG,／IGT)组进行比较。再分别以口服75g葡萄糖后30min或60min血糖正常值为标准对NGT组和IGT组进行分组。用HOMA-IR和Composite胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)计算胰岛素敏感性,HOMA-B和△I／AG计算β细胞功能。结果1193例住院的原发性高血压病人中,新诊断的糖尿病病人为11．1％,其中57．9％仅有餐后血糖升高。IGT、和IFG／ICT组的HOMA-IR高于NGT组,Composite ISI和AI／AG低于NGT组。无论是否30min或60min血糖升高,IGT组的Composite ISI均低于30min和60min血糖正常的NGT组。30min和(或)60min血糖升高的NGT组△I／AG低于30min和60min血糖正常的NGT组。结论IGT或IFG／IGT的高血压患者同时存在空腹和总体胰岛素敏感性的下降和糖负荷后早期β细胞分泌功能的受损。30min和(或)60min血糖升高的NGT高血压病人存在糖负荷后早期β细胞分泌功能的受损。     

Impaired early- but not late-phase insulin secretion in subjects with impaired fasting glucose

Subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. We recently demonstrated that IFG subjects have increased hepatic insulin resistance with normal insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. In this study, we quantitated the insulin secretion rate from deconvolution analysis of the plasma C-peptide concentration during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and compared the results in IFG subjects with those in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). One hundred and one NGT subjects, 64 subjects with isolated IGT, 24 subjects with isolated IFG, and 48 subjects with combined (IFG + IGT) glucose intolerance (CGI) received an OGTT. Plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations were measured before and every 15 min after glucose ingestion. Insulin secretion rate (ISR) was determined by deconvolution of plasma C-peptide concentration. Inverse of the Matsuda index of whole body insulin sensitivity was used as a measure of insulin resistance; 56 subjects also received a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The insulin secretion/insulin resistance (disposition) index was calculated as the ratio between incremental area under the ISR curve (∆ISR[AUC]) to incremental area under the glucose curve (∆G[AUC]) factored by the severity of insulin resistance (measured by Matsuda index during OGTT or glucose disposal during insulin clamp). Compared to NGT, the insulin secretion/insulin resistance index during first 30 min of OGTT was reduced by 47, 49, and 74% in IFG, IGT, and CGI, respectively (all < 0.0001). The insulin secretion/insulin resistance index during the second hour (60–120 min) of the OGTT in subjects with IFG was similar to that in NGT (0.79 ± 0.6 vs. 0.72 ± 0.5, respectively, P = NS), but was profoundly reduced in subjects with IGT and CGI (0.31 ± 0.2 and 0.19 ± 0.11, respectively; P < 0.0001 vs. both NGT and IFG). Early-phase insulin secretion is impaired in both IFG and IGT, while the late-phase insulin secretion is impaired only in subjects with IGT.     

2型糖尿病患者血管紧张素Ⅱ与胰岛β细胞分泌功能的关系探讨

目的 探讨不同糖耐量状态下血管紧张素Ⅱ与胰岛β细胞分泌功能的关系.方法 新诊断2型糖尿病患者42例(DM组)、空腹血糖受损/糖耐量受损者38例(IFG/IGT组)、正常对照者40名(NGT组)行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验,ELISA法测定空腹血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)及脂联素水平.计算急性胰岛素分泌反应(AIR3-10)、第一时相(0～10min)胰岛素分泌曲线下面积(AUCⅠ)及峰值浓度、第二时相(10～120min)胰岛素分泌曲线下面积(AUCⅡ)、稳态模型评估胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).探讨AngⅡ与AIR3-10、AUCⅠ及峰值浓度、AUCⅡ、脂联素、HOMA-β及HOMA-IR的关系.结果 (1)DM组和IFG/IGT组AngⅡ显著高于NGT组(P＜0.05);DM组和IFG/IGT组AIR3-10、AUCⅠ及峰值浓度、AUCⅡ、脂联素显著低于NGT组(P＜0.05),DM组降低更为显著;(2)AngⅡ与AIR3-10、AUCⅠ及峰值浓度、AUCⅡ、脂联素、HOMA-β呈显著负相关(P＜0.01),与空腹血糖、糖负荷后2 h血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR呈正相关(P＜0.05);(3)多元逐步回归分析,AngⅡ与AUCⅠ、AUCⅡ独立相关.结论 AngⅡ为胰岛β细胞分泌功能的独立影响因素.排除血压、体位、药物等因素的影响,高AngⅡ水平可预测2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能受损及胰岛素抵抗.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between angiotensin Ⅱ and pancreatic islet β cell secretion function under different glucose tolerance statuses. Method Forty-two patients with newly diagnosed type 2diabetes mellitus ( DM group), 38 subjects with impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance ( IFG/IGTgroup) ,and 40 normal control subjects (NGT group) underwent intravenous glucose tolerance test. Fasting plasma angiotensin Ⅱ ( Ang Ⅱ ) and adiponectin were assayed by ELISA. Acute insulin response from 3 to 10 min( AIR3-10 ),the area under the curve( AUCⅠ ) and the peak concentration of the first-phase ( 0-10 min) insulin secretion, the area under the curve of the second-phase( 10-120 min) insulin secretion( AUCⅡ), homeostasis model assessment for β cell function index(HOMA-β) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were calculated to explore the relationship with Ang Ⅱ. Result ( 1 ) The levels of Ang Ⅱ in DM group and IFG/IGT group were significantly higher than that in NGT group( P＜0.05 ). The AIR3-10, AUCⅠ and peak concentration, AUCⅡ ,adiponectin in DM group and IFG/IGT group were significantly lower than those in the NGT group ( P＜0. 05), and these results were more significantly reduced in DM group compared with those in IFG/IGT group. (2) Ang Ⅱ was negatively correlated with AIR3-10, AUCⅠ and the peak concentration, AUCⅡ, adiponectin, HOMA-β ( P＜0. 01 ), and positively correlated with fasting blood glucose,2 h blood glucose after glucose loading, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR (P＜0. 05 ). (3)Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that Ang Ⅱ was independently associated with AUCⅠ and AUCⅡ.Conclusion Ang Ⅱ was an independent factor that affected the insulin secretion function of pancreatic islet βcells. Ruling out the effect of blood pressure, body position, drugs, and other factors, high levels of Ang Ⅱ could predict the dysfunction of pancreatic islet β cell as well as insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.