共同性水平斜视的再次手术

目的 探讨共同性水平斜视手术后施行再次斜视手术的临床特点及手术处理的特殊性.方法 共同性水平斜视手术后施行再次斜视手术的55例患者进行了回顾性临床分析,手术前后进行眼位检查、眼球运动,Titmus立体视检查双眼视觉功能.手术方法:手术前做全麻下或局麻下行牵拉试验.手术方式选择原则:依据视近和视远斜视角的不同,眼球运动受限制的受累肌肉和牵拉试验结果选择术式.术后追踪观察1～8年,平均2年.结果 (1)内斜视术后继发外斜视13例中,除即刻过矫3例在手术后48h内施行内直肌探查术外,其余施行原后徙内直肌完全复位或部分复位术,联合外直肌截除.治愈率76.9%.外斜视术后继发内斜视11例,施行原后徙外直肌完全复位或部分复位术,联合内直肌截除.治愈率81.8%.伴有V型斜视和垂直性斜视者联合水平直肌移位或斜肌减弱术.(2)内斜视欠矫15例中,8例施行内直肌边缘切开联合外直肌截除术;选择单纯在同一眼上外直肌截除术2例;伴有斜肌异常患者,则选择对侧眼内直肌后徙联合外直肌截除并下斜肌后徙5例.术后正位率86.7%.外斜视欠矫16例中:6例施行原外直肌后徙眼边缘切开联合内直肌截除术;2例Ⅴ型外斜视联合双下斜肌后徙,4例外直肌周围瘢痕松解术,4例联合调整缝线.术后正位率87.5%.结论 (1)水平斜视过矫伴有受累肌运动障碍,结合看近与看远斜视角的差别,选择内直肌或外直肌复位术.(2)调整术后缝线可将再次斜视手术的非预期结果降低到最小程度.     

共同性斜视再次手术的术式和手术矫正量

目的：分析共同性斜视过矫或欠矫后,再次手术的术式和手术矫正量。
　　方法：共同性斜视术后过矫或欠矫计96例,男41例,女55例;平均年龄21.90依14.70岁。术前行斜视常规检查,共同性内斜视过矫者23例,欠矫者15例;共同性外斜视过矫者28例,欠矫者30例。术式选择主要依据斜视角的大小、远近斜视角的不同、原来的术式及双眼视力等情况而定。
　　结果：共同性内斜视过矫者：后徙的内直肌行前徙9例,矫正量(5.51依2.63)?/ mm;内直肌前徙+外直肌后徙9例,矫正量(6.25依1.59)?/ mm;内直肌截除+外直肌后徙3例,矫正量(4.26依1.04)?/ mm;仅行外直肌后徙2例,矫正量(4.21依1.91)?/ mm。共同性内斜视欠矫者：行外直肌截除6例,矫正量(4.03依0.98)?/ mm;外直肌截除+内直肌后徙6例,矫正量(6.86依1.32)?/ mm;内直肌后徙3例,矫正量(4.33依0.29)?/ mm。共同性外斜视过矫者,行外直肌前徙16例,矫正量(5.37依1.56)?/ mm;内直肌后徙6例,矫正量(6.29依3.68)?/ mm;外直肌前徙+内直肌后徙5例,矫正量(5.46依1.78)?/ mm;外直肌截除1例,矫正量5.00?/ mm。共同性外斜视欠矫者,行内直肌截除12例,矫正量(4.47依0.54)?/ mm;行外直肌后徙+内直肌截除16例,矫正量(5.11依0.75)?/ mm;外直肌后徙2例,矫正量(2.65依0.42)?/ mm。
　　结论：共同性内外斜视过矫者,通常对做过手术的水平肌行加强或/和减弱术,其手术矫正量偏大、且不甚稳定。欠矫者,通常对未行手术的水平肌行加强或/和减弱术,其手术矫正量同常规量。     

共同性斜视眼外肌的病理变化及肝细胞生长因子表达研究

目的研究共同性斜视弱侧眼外肌的病理变化及肝细胞生长因子（HGF）的表达。方法实验研究。收集在武汉大学人民医院眼科行共同性斜视手术的58例患者手术中切下的眼外肌作为斜视组,将其分成共同性外斜视（32例）和共同性内斜视（26例）2组,同期10例角膜移植供体眼眼外肌作为对照组（供体均无斜视）。观察眼外肌的组织结构变化,用免疫组织化学法检测眼外肌中HGF的表达,并测定其平均光密度值。比较斜视组与对照组眼外肌HGF的表达差异,并分析其与斜视度、患者年龄之间相关性。所得数据采用t检验及直线相关分析进行统计学处理。结果①共同性外斜视组内直肌肌纤维横截面积（308.9±68.4）µm2,显著低于对照组内直肌[（738.4±56.3）µm2]（t=16.74,P<0．05）,共同性内斜视组外直肌肌纤维横截面积（217.9±34.7）µm2,显著低于对照组外直肌[（620.9±46.5）µm2]（t=28.34,P<0．05）,差异有统计学意义。②Masson染色显示共同性斜视弱侧眼外肌肌纤维数量减少,排列紊乱,胶原纤维含量增多,纤维组织、脂肪组织和肌纤维间隙增宽。③免疫组化检测HGF在对照眼眼外肌及斜视眼弱侧眼外肌中均有阳性表达,主要表达于胞浆,细胞外基质中有少量的表达。其中共同性外斜视组内直肌（t=6.33,P<0．05）、共同性内斜视组外直肌（t=4.75,P<0．05）HGF的表达均低于对照组。④HGF的表达与患者病程（r=-0.856,P＜0．05）以及斜视度（r=-0.525,P＜0．05）呈负相关。结论共同性斜视弱侧眼外肌出现胶原纤维增生,肌纤维横截面积减小等萎缩性病理改变;HGF的低表达可能是共同性斜视发生的危险因素。     

Bupivacaine Injection to Treat Exotropia and Esotropia

Purpose: To report the results of bupivacaine injection into the extraocular muscles to treat horizontal strabismus, both exotropia and esotropia.

Methods: Bupivacaine, 4.5?ml of a 0.50% solution, was injected into the medial rectus muscle in each of 14 exotropic patients and into the lateral rectus muscle in each of 6 esotropic patients with electromyographic control. The measures of alignment were made before the procedure and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after injection.

Results: Of 20 patients, 15 had improved ocular alignment with the average change of 8.46, 8.2, 8.33 and 9 prism diopters (PD) at 1,3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Two of 5 (40%) incomitant strabismus patients and 13 of 15 (86.66%) comitant strabismus patients had improvement in ocular alignment. Eleven of 14 exotropic patient and 4 of 6 esotropic patients had improvement in ocular alignment, averaging 9.73, 9.36, 9.54 and 6 PD in the exotropic group and 5, 5, 5, and 10.5 PD in the esotropic group. There was no serious complication from the injections.

Conclusions: Bupivacaine injection improved ocular alignment in some patients. Denervated extraocular muscle did not respond well to bupivacaine. Bupivacaine improved ocular alignment equally in esotropic and exotropic patients.     

共同性斜视眼外肌病理分析

目的探讨共同性斜视眼外肌的病理变化与斜视发生的关系。方法对132例共同性斜视和22例麻痹性斜视病人行斜视矫正手术,将截除的外直肌或内直肌用95%酒精固定后送病理,在显微镜下观察眼外肌的组织结构。结果81例共同性外斜视中,内直肌退行性改变57例(70.4%),内直肌纤维化10例(12.3%),内直肌玻璃样变10例(12.3%),正常4例(4.9%);51例共同性内斜视中,外直肌退行性变18例(35.3%),外直肌纤维化28例(54.9%),外直肌玻璃样变5例(9.8%),22例麻痹性斜视中,13例内直肌和3例外直肌发生纤维化,6例外直肌发生玻璃样变。共同性斜视与麻痹性斜视直肌的病理结果经X~2检验P<0.01。恒定性外斜视与间歇性外斜视之间及先天性内斜视与共同性内斜视之间经X~2检验P<0.05。结论斜视的发生与眼外肌的结构异常有关,发病较久的恒定性外斜视比发病晚的间歇性外斜视其眼外肌发生纤维化的百分比较大,说明内直肌纤维化可能是外斜视形成的原因之一,斜视的病变程度与眼外肌功能是成反比的。     

内直肌肌卫星细胞数量在共同性外斜视发病中的作用

目的观察共同性外斜视内直肌中M-钙黏蛋白标记的肌卫星细胞数量,探讨共同性外斜视的发病机制。设计病例对照研究。研究对象青岛大学医学院附属医院的共同性外斜视患者（18眼）的内直肌组织,健康眼（14眼）角膜移植供体内直肌。方法内直肌组织行组织病理学观察。横轴切片,行HE和M-钙黏蛋白（M-cadherin）免疫组化染色,双盲对照定量分析,分析肌卫星细胞数与病程、手术年龄以及肌细胞数的关系。主要指标斜视眼与健康眼内直肌横切面肌细胞数;M-cadherin表达阳性的肌卫星细胞数。结果斜视组内直肌横切面肌细胞数（120.50±57.26个/视野）显著低于正常组（180.36±8.78个/视野）（P=0.000）,与病程显著负相关（r=-0.919,P=0.000）;斜视组M-cadherin表达阳性的肌卫星细胞数（8.25±5.85个/5个视野）显著低于正常组（42.50±5.12个/5个视野）（P=0.000）,并和肌细胞数显著相关（r=0.849,P=0.000）;间歇性外斜视组M-cadherin表达阳性的肌卫星细胞数显著多于恒定性外斜视组（P=0.000）;M-cadherin表达阳性的肌卫星细胞数与病程（r=-0.648,P=0.005）、手术年龄（r=-0.600,P=0.01）显著负相关。结论共同性外斜视患者的内直肌进行性萎缩可能与其肌卫星细胞不足有关。     

Congenital esotropia

Congenital esotropia represents the most common type of strabismus. Its pathogenesis, however, remains uncertain. It is typically characterized as a large angle, constant esotropia with onset during the first six months of life. Associated clinical findings include normal refractive errors for age, amblyopia, dissociated vertical deviation, inferior oblique muscle overaction and nystagmus. It must be distinguished from Duane's retraction syndrome, Moebius syndrome, nystagmus blockage syndrome, and early onset accommodative esotropia, as well as other causes of esotropia in infancy. The surgical management may involve recession of both medial recti muscles, unilateral recession of a medial rectus muscle and a resection of a lateral rectus muscle or three or four muscle surgery.     

共同性外斜视内直肌病理与手术效果的关系(英文)

目的:评价内直肌肌细胞数与共同性外斜视手术效果的关系。方法:收集18例共同性外斜视内直肌和14例正常内直肌,行HE染色观察,用斜视积分法评价手术效果。结果:间歇性外斜视组手术前后的斜视积分差显著高于恒定性外斜视(P<0.01);光镜下斜视组内直肌横断面肌纤维排列疏松,间质成分多;斜视组内直肌肌细胞数极显著低于正常内直肌(P<0.01),与病程和手术前后的斜视积分差显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:内直肌肌细胞减少是导致共同性外斜视的直接原因,是斜视手术效果下降的重要因素。     

共同性外斜视眼外肌病理研究

目的：探讨共同性外斜视内直肌的病理变化与斜视发现时间的关系。
　　方法：对30例共同性外斜视患者行斜视矫正手术,术中将截除的内直肌用4%甲醛固定后送病理,在显微镜下观察眼外肌的组织结构,并进行HE和Masson染色。
　　结果：共同性外斜视30例中,内直肌纤维大小不一、形态异常,数量减少,肌肉不同程度的纤维化,经Masson染色后发现,发现斜视较久患者组眼外肌肌纤维含量明显少于发现时间较短患者组(P<0.05) 。
　　结论：斜视的发生与眼外肌的结构异常有关,发现斜视时间较久的共同性外斜视比发现时间较短的共同性外斜视其眼外肌发生明显的纤维化,说明内直肌纤维化可能是外斜视形成的原因之一。随着斜视时间的延长,眼外肌纤维化程度加重。     

Changing patterns of strabismus: a decade of experience in Hong Kong

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Racial variation in the pattern of strabismus is known, but few large scale studies on non-white populations are available. Furthermore, longitudinal change in this pattern within a local setting has not been well documented in the past. This study aims to support the clinical impression that exotropia is more common in Chinese patients, and that the proportion of patients with exotropia has been increasing in the past decade. METHODS: A total of 2704 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of primary horizontal strabismus, seen in the strabismus clinic of the Hong Kong Eye Hospital, were retrospectively analysed to determine the relative prevalence of esotropia and exotropia. Characteristics recorded include patient demographics, type of strabismus, and whether the nature of the squint was constant or intermittent. RESULTS: 742 (27.4%) patients were found to have esotropia, 548 (20.3%) had constant exotropia, 1213 (44.9%) had intermittent exotropia, and 201 (7.4%) had microtropia. The proportion of exotropic to esotropic patients was shown to increase steadily throughout the past decade (p<0.0001). This was mainly accounted for by an increase in the number of patients with intermittent exotropia, and a corresponding decrease in the number of patients with esotropia. CONCLUSION: Exotropia was shown to be more prevalent than esotropia in a Hong Kong Chinese population. Furthermore, the proportion of patients with intermittent exotropia appears to be increasing, in contrast with esotropic patients. The exact nature of this trend, and possible aetiological factors will require further study.     

甲状腺相关眼病眼眶减压术后继发内斜视伴复视的手术疗效观察

目的探讨甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)眼眶减压术后继发内斜视伴复视的斜视矫正手术治疗效果。方法回顾性系列病例研究。选取2016年3月至2018年10月在天津市眼科医院因TAO行眼眶减压术后继发内斜视伴复视行斜视矫正手术治疗的11例患者资料。斜视矫正手术前、后检查患者斜视度数、眼球运动,观察复视情况。手术均在监护下麻醉联合局部麻醉下进行,术中采用被动牵拉试验结合调整缝线方法,调整至第一眼位复视消失。术后定期随访。结果11例患者中男性1例,女性10例;年龄26~42岁;均为单纯内斜视伴复视;内斜视度数10~98三棱镜度;眼眶CT提示患者内直肌不同程度增厚,外直肌增厚程度较内直肌轻。2例患者行单眼内直肌后徙术,2例行双眼内直肌后徙术,2例行单眼内直肌后徙联合外直肌缩短术,另外5例行双眼内直肌后徙联合单眼外直肌缩短术。11例患者术中内直肌后徙量为3.5~7.5 mm,7例联合外直肌缩短术患者外直肌缩短量为2.0~6.0 mm。全部患者术后复视消除,第一眼位正位,均达到治愈标准。眼球运动术前外转受限分级为(-1.91±1.04)级,术后外转受限分级为(-0.64±0.81)级。11例患者均对手术结果满意,术后随访6~24个月,效果稳定,未发现远期过矫患者。结论应用术中调整缝线技术,斜视矫正手术可以有效治疗TAO眼眶减压术后继发的内斜视伴复视。     

共同性外斜视患者内直肌纤维细胞外基质的变化

目的 探讨共同性外斜视患者内直肌纤维细胞外基质的变化及其与共同性外斜视中间歇性外斜视和恒定性外斜视的关系。方法对31例共同性外斜视患者（间歇性外斜视17例,恒定性外斜视14例;具有阳性家族史7例）行内直肌缩短术,术中切除前段内直肌作为患者组;21例正常人对应前段内直肌作为对照组。采用定量酶联免疫吸附法分别测定两组内直肌中蛋白聚糖和纤维连接蛋白的含量,比较患者组与对照组、间歇性外斜视患者与恒定性外斜视患者、不同性别患者间、具有不同家族史患者间的差异,并分析不同年龄患者间蛋白聚糖和纤维连接蛋白含量的变化。结果患者组内直肌纤维连接蛋白含量（23．56μg/g）明显低于对照组（444．59μg／g）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,而蛋白聚糖的含量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。间歇性外斜视患者的纤维连接蛋白含量（103．88μg/g）明显高于恒定性外斜视患者（11．2μg／g）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,而蛋白聚糖含量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。斜视患者内直肌蛋白聚糖含量随年龄增长而减少（r=-0．8712,P〈0．01）,而纤维连接蛋白含量与年龄增长无关（r=-0．1718,P〉0．05）。蛋白聚糖和纤维连接蛋白含量与患者的性别、家族史均无关（P〉0．05）。结论共同性外斜视患者内直肌纤维连接蛋白含量的改变可能与共同性外斜视、间歇性外斜视发展为恒定性外斜视有关,在今后的斜视研究中应对纤维连接蛋白给予重视。（中华腰科杂志,2007,43：618-621）     

Retroequatorial myopexy in the management of adult-onset cyclic esotropia

A 65-year-old otherwise healthy female, with bilateral normal visual acuity, presented with a unique pattern of strabismus. She complained of esotropia and diplopia occurring after every 24 h. There was no history of previous injury or ocular surgery. Other differentials were ruled out and the patient was diagnosed as adult-onset cyclic esotropia. The patient underwent right eye medial rectus retroequatorial myopexy, which tackled both diplopia and strabismus, without causing exotropia on nonsquint days.     

Unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement for postoperative consecutive exotropia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement in treating postoperative consecutive exotropia. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review on 31 patients with consecutive exotropia who were treated with unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection (17 patients) or unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle partial resection combined with advancement (14 patients). All patients had exotropia with a less than 10 prism diopters (PD) distance near-disparity. The characteristics studied before surgery included type of esotropia surgery, detection of amblyopia, presence of an "A" or "V" pattern, dissociated vertical deviation, limitation of adduction, deviation angle measurement, and forced duction testing. Ocular alignment and status of adduction postoperatively at the last follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (61.3%) had amblyopia, 17 patients (54.8%) had limitation of adduction, 8 patients (25.8%) had dissociated vertical deviation, and 5 patients (16.1%) had an "A" or "V" pattern. The mean preoperative exodeviation was 47.3 PD. Overall 21 (67.7%) of 31 patients achieved a successful postoperative result (alignment within 10 PD of orthophoria). There was no significant difference in successful alignment in patients treated with unilateral medial rectus muscle resection compared with those treated with unilateral medial rectus muscle partial resection combined with advancement. There was no influence of amblyopia on the result. Twelve (70.6%) of the 17 patients with limited adduction preoperatively showed normalization of adduction postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement is an effective alternative for treating postoperative consecutive exotropia.     

One-muscle surgery in small-angle residual esotropia.

PURPOSE: To report the outcome of unilateral lateral rectus resection for treatment of small-angle residual esotropia following bilateral medial rectus muscle recession. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review was performed for all patients who had undergone bilateral medial rectus muscle recession for congenital esotropia prior to 6 years of age that required further surgical treatment of residual esotropia. We compared two different dosing strategies for resection of a single lateral rectus muscle in the nondominant eye. In group 1, the amount of resection was calculated by doubling the angle of strabismus and applying the recommended surgical dosage to one lateral rectus muscle. In group 2, the amount of unilateral resection was the same as the bilateral dosage for the measured angle, but augmented by 1.5 mm. Postoperative evaluation was performed 1 and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Data from 35 patients were analyzed, 17 in group 1 and 18 in group 2. No significant intergroup difference was noted in terms of age at first surgery (p = 0.266), initial surgical dosage (p = 0.693), residual angle of esotropia (p = 0.881), or age at reoperation (p = 0.679). Postoperative alignment was better in group 1 patients at 6 months than at 1 month (residual deviation 3.5(Delta) versus 6.7(Delta), p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Resection of a single lateral rectus muscle with the surgical dosage calculated by doubling the angle of strabismus and applying the recommended surgical dosage to one lateral rectus muscle is a treatment option for patients with small-angle residual esotropia following bilateral medial rectus muscle recession.     

超常量后徙并直肌移位术在治疗重度外斜视合并 DVD 中的体会

目的：探讨外直肌超常量后徙和上直肌后徙并移位治疗重度外斜视合并垂直分离性斜视（ DVD）的效果。方法回顾近3年来对18例（36只眼）大于25°的外斜视合并DVD的患者施行双外直肌超常量后徙9～12 mm,上直肌后退6～10 mm并鼻侧移位半个或一个肌腹的手术,随访6个月至2年。结果术后眼位：15例正位,2例外斜视欠矫,1例外斜视过矫,DVD治疗效果基本满意。有4只眼外转不足1～2 mm,其余眼球运动协调。结论外直肌超常量后徙和上直肌后徙并移位治疗重度外斜视合并DVD操作简便快捷,损伤小,一次手术成功率高,效果满意,值得推广。     

松眼综合征研究进展

眼眶结缔组织在眼球运动中发挥重要作用,其随年龄增长发生退行性改变,这种变化能够引起眼球控制眼外直肌运动的Pulley结构的位置发生改变,从而引起某些特殊类型的斜视发生,即“松眼综合征”,包括分开功能不足性内斜视及小度数的垂直斜视.眼眶磁共振检查发现其产生与眼外直肌Pulley位置的退行性改变有关.对于松眼综合征产生的不同类型的斜视,其治疗方法及手术方式不同,对于分开功能不足性内斜视,临床上既有内直肌后退手术,也可采用外直肌缩短手术,而对于小度数的垂直斜视,则可采用不同程度的垂直肌部分切除术.     

Diffusion tensor imaging of horizontal extraocular muscles in patients with concomitant and paralytic esotropia

AIM: To assess metrics of diffusion tensor imagining (DTI) in evaluating microstructural abnormalities of horizontal extraocular muscles (EOM) in esotropia. METHODS: Six adult concomitant esotropia patients, 5 unilateral abducent paralysis patients and 2 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI were performed on all subjects using 3T MR scanner. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of medial and lateral rectus muscles were measured and compared between patients group and control group. RESULTS: Medial rectus MD and RD within the adducted eye of concomitant patients was significantly greater than that in unilateral abducent paralysis patients (0.259×10-2 mm2/s vs 0.207×10-2 mm2/s, P=0.014; 0.182×10-2 mm2/s vs 0.152×10-2 mm2/s, P=0.017). Both strabismus patients showed a significantly decreased MD and AD than that obtained in normal controls for lateral rectus muscles (P<0.05). Medial rectus MD of the adducted eye in concomitant strabismus patients was significantly decreased than that in healthy controls (0.259×10-2 mm2/s vs 0.266×10-2 mm2/s, P=0.010). Lateral rectus AD of the adducted eye in concomitant strabismus patients was significantly decreased as compared with that in healthy controls (0.515×10-2 mm2/s vs 0.593×10-2 mm2/s, P=0.013). No statistically significant differences were present between the adducted and fixating eyes in concomitant strabismus patients. CONCLUSION: DTI represents a feasible technique to assess tissue characteristics of EOM. The effects of eye position changes on DTI parameters are subtle. Decreased MD and RD could be evidence for remodeling of the medial rectus muscle contracture. Lower medial and lateral recuts MD of concomitant esotropia patients indicates a thinner fibrous structure of the EOM. Lower MD and AD should be general character of esotropia.     

间歇性外斜视眼外直肌磁共振成像研究

目的：利用磁共振成像（MRI）技术研究间歇性外斜视患者眼外直肌Pulley位置及其形态改变。方法：系列病例研究。收集2017年1-6月在天津市眼科医院确诊为间歇性外斜视的患者32例,平均年龄（15.4±1.8）岁。同时招募健康志愿者30例,平均年龄（16.1±1.6）岁,利用MRI技术对第一眼位眼外直肌行连续冠状扫描。采用线性回归和相关系数计算眼外直肌Pulley位置,独立样本t检验进行2组间比较;同时计算各MRI层面水平肌肉最大横截面积和体积的变化,2组间进行独立样本t检验。结果：间歇性外斜视患者眼外四条直肌Pulley位置与正常对照者相比差异无统计学意义。而间歇性外斜视患者各MRI扫描层面其内直肌横截面积均小于正常对照者,且其内直肌肌肉体积小于正常对照者（t=10.47,P=0.006）。对于外直肌而言,间歇性外斜视患者外直肌肌肉体积略大于正常对照者,但这种差异无统计学意义,但间歇性外斜视患者外直肌/内直肌肌肉体积比率（1.6±0.4）较正常对照者外直肌/内直肌肌肉体积比率（1.1±0.1）大,差异具有统计学意义（t=7.33,P=0.007）。结论：间歇性外斜视的发病与眼外直肌Pulley位置无关,而可能与水平直肌肌肉体积的变化有关,而这种改变可能会在术后继续影响眼位,从而导致斜视矫正术后远期复发率较高。     

继发性内斜视的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗继发性内斜的效果.方法 回顾分析近3年诊治的13例继发性内斜患者,均有外斜手术矫正病史,术后继发内斜持续均大于6个月.3例患者正前方内斜小于等于+20PD,外转不受限,行内直肌后徙手术;5例患者正前方小于等于+35PD,外转不同程度受限,行外转受限眼的外直肌复位手术;5例患者正前方内斜大于等于+50PD,外转不同程度受限,行外直肌复位联合内直肌后徙手术.术后随访超过6个月.结果 13例患者术后无复视及代偿头位,平均眼位为(-2.0±6.0)PD,术后远期(大于6个月)随访眼位平均为(-2.8±4.4)PD,远期随访眼位的变化为(-0.8±4.2)PD.内斜矫正手术后手术成功率为84.62%(11/13),远期随访眼位矫正成功率为84.62%(11/13).所有患者均对术后眼位满意,未行再次手术.结论 继发性内斜的手术治疗有效,对于大角度的继发内斜视,外直肌复位联合内直肌后徙手术可取得较好的疗效,并且远期随访患者满意度较高.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the surgical management of consecutive esotropia.Methods In 13 patients with consecutive esotropia which persisted over 6 months after exotropia surgery were observed.Three patients less than +20PD in primary position without limited abduction were treated with recession of medial rectus; 5 patients less than +35PD in primary position with abduction impairment were treated with advancement at insertion of lateral rectus muscle; 5 patients with large angle esotropia in primary position were treated with advancement of lateral rectus combined with recession of medial rectus.The patients were followed up for more than 6 months.Results Postoperatively, 13 patients were orthophoria without diplopia or abnormal head position, mean deviation was -2.0± 6.0PD, -2.8± 4.4PD as long term follow up.The success rate was 84.62% (11/13) both immediately after surgery and for long term follow up.All patients were satisfied with the surgical correction and no one needed more surgery.Conclusions Surgical management is effective for consecutive esotropia.For large angle consecutive esotropia, advancement of lateral rectus muscle combined with recession of medial rectus is an effective choice with high level satisfactory from follow up.