喉鳞癌患者凝血功能状态及其临床意义

目的:探讨喉鳞癌患者凝血状态的改变及其与肿瘤临床分期、转移的关系.方法:选取113例喉鳞癌患者(试验组)与65例喉良性疾病患者(对照组)为研究对象,分析血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)在两组间的差异及其与喉鳞癌临床分期、转移的关系.结果:喉鳞癌患者血浆APTT比对照组显著缩短(P＜0.05),其中转移组比未转移组显著缩短(P＜0.05);喉鳞癌患者血浆Fib高于对照组(P＜0.05),其中转移组明显高于未转移组(P＜0.05),Ⅲ+Ⅳ期组明显高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ期组(P＜0.05);PT及TT在各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:喉鳞癌患者血液呈高凝状态,检测血浆APTT及Fib有助于喉鳞癌患者的临床诊治和预后评估.     

喉鳞癌患者凝血功能与肿瘤复发的关系

目的：探讨喉鳞癌患者凝血功能状态与肿瘤术后复发的关系。方法：选取65例喉良性疾病患者（对照组）和155例喉鳞癌患者（试验组）为研究对象,分析血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、纤维蛋白原（Fib）在两组间的差异及其与喉鳞癌术后复发的关系。结果：试验组血浆APTT比对照组显著缩短（P〈0.05）,其中复发组比未复发组显著缩短（P〈0.05）;试验组血浆Fib显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,复发组较未复发组显著升高（P〈0.05）;PT及TT在各组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：喉鳞癌患者血液呈高凝状态,血浆APTT及Fib可能对喉鳞癌术后复发的监测有重要参考价值。     

喉鳞癌患者凝血功能状态及其临床意义

目的：探讨喉鳞癌患者凝血状态的改变及其与肿瘤临床分期、转移的关系。方法：选取113例喉鳞癌患者（试验组）与65例喉良性疾病患者（对照组）为研究对象,分析血浆凝血酶原时间（胛）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（hgrr）、凝血酶时间（TT）、纤维蛋白原（Fib）在两组问的差异及其与喉鳞癌临床分期、转移的关系。结果：喉鳞癌患者血浆APTT比对照组显著缩短（P〈0．05）,其中转移组比未转移组显著缩短（P〈0．05）;喉鳞癌患者血浆Fib高于对照组（P〈0．05）,其中转移组明显高于未转移组（P〈0．05）,Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期组明显高于I＋Ⅱ期组（P〈0．05）;PT及TT在各组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：喉鳞癌患者血液呈高凝状态,检测血浆APTT及Fib有助于喉鳞癌患者的临床诊治和预后评估。     

肝癌患者的凝血与纤溶

目的:了解肝癌患者的凝血五项指标变化,探讨凝血与纤溶机制,判断肝实质损伤造成凝血功能障碍,引起出血并发症的预后价值.方法:采用日本Sysmex CA-1500型全自动凝血/纤溶分析仪,测定30例肝癌患者和35例健康对照组的血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)和酶标法测定D-二聚体(D-D)凝血指标,并对检测指标进行对比分析. 结果:肝癌组与对照组比较,PT、APTT、TT均明显延长(P＜0.01);D-D含量明显增高(P＜0.01);Fib含量明显减少(P＜0.01). 结论:肝癌患者凝血指标PT、APTT、TT明显延长,D-D 含量明显增高,Fib明显减少,可用作肝癌患者肝实质损伤造成凝血功能障碍、引起出血并发症的动态指标监测.     

乳腺良恶性疾病患者血栓弹力图检测价值

[目的]用血栓弹力图(TEG)和传统的凝血功能检测对乳腺良恶性疾病患者的凝血功能进行测定,评估TEG的检测价值.[方法]对268例乳腺癌(实验组)和45例乳腺良性病变患者(对照组)进行TEG检测和凝血四项检测[血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)和纤维蛋白原(Fib)],同时计数血小板(PLT)及测定D-二聚体(D-dimer),根据各项参数了解其凝血状态.[结果]传统凝血功能检测结果:实验组的PT明显缩短,PLT、Fib与D-二聚体水平较对照组有明显增高(P＜0.05),而APTT、TT与对照组相比无统计学差异(P＞0.05).TEG检测结果中,实验组各个参数测量值水平和对照组相比:R值没有明显差异(P＞0.05),Angle值接近显著性差异(P=0.055),K值明显减小,MA值和CI值明显增大(P＜0.05),支持实验组血液的高凝状态;从测量数值超出正常范围的高凝例数来看,K值和CI值在两组比较中有显著性差异(P＜0.05);R值、Angle值、MA值两组中没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).[结论]乳腺癌患者相比良性病变患者血液高凝的表现较为明显,TEG可用来监测患者围术期凝血功能,预防血栓栓塞并发症的发生.     

晚期恶性肿瘤患者凝血功能及D-二聚体水平检测的临床意义

目的探讨检测恶性肿瘤患者凝血功能及D-二聚体水平的临床意义。方法检测88例晚期恶性肿瘤患者及40例健康体检者凝血功能及D-二聚体水平,凝血功能的检测主要包括凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)和纤维蛋白原(Fib)。结果晚期恶性肿瘤组PT、TT、Fib、D-二聚体水平均显著高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组APTT水平比较无统计学意义(P>O.05)。不同情况恶性肿瘤患者PT、APTT、TT、D-二聚体及Fib水平比较无明显差异(P>O.05);发生血栓、栓塞的晚期恶性肿瘤患者D-二聚体及Fib水平较健康对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但与未发生血栓、栓塞的晚期恶性肿瘤患者比较,仅D-二聚体水平有统计学意义(P<0.05),Fib水平差异无统计学意义(P>O.05)。结论 Fib及D-二聚体水平的检测,对观察晚期恶性肿瘤患者的高凝状态具有一定的意义。     

恶性肿瘤患者凝血指标的临床分析

目的观察恶性肿瘤患者凝血指标的变化并探讨其临床意义。方法选取50例恶性肿瘤患者作为试验组,以同期50例健康体检者作为正常对照组。检测患者及正常体检者的血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原定量(FIB)及凝血酶时间(TT),并对比分析。结果试验组患者的PT和TT与健康体检者相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而APTT和FIB与正常对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同类型恶性肿瘤患者的PT、TT、APTT、FIB比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 APTT和FIB的测定在监测恶性肿瘤患者凝血功能上有一定的意义,其应用价值可作进一步研究。     

宫颈癌患者血栓弹力图与常规凝血试验的相关性研究

目的:利用血栓弹力图（thrombelastography,TEG）评价宫颈癌患者凝血状态,并探究其与常规凝血指标的相关性。方法:收集2016年4月至2017年10月期间到我院治疗宫颈癌患者60例为宫颈癌组,同时以健康女性30例作为对照组,所有研究对象均行TEG参数(R、K、Angel、MA、CI)、常规凝血试验(PT、APTT、Fib、D-D、FDP)以及血小板计数(PLT)检测。结果:宫颈癌组较对照组R、K显著缩短(P＜0.05),Angel、MA、CI、Fib、D-D、FDP和PLT显著升高(P＜0.05),差异具有统计学意义。PT、APTT在两者间无明显差异(P＞0.05)。相关性分析显示R与APTT,Angel与Fib,MA与PLT、Fib呈正相关（P＜0.05）,R与D-D,K与Fib呈负相关（P＜0.05）,差异均具有统计学意义。R与D-D的Kappa值是0.70（P＜0.001）,二者具有中度一致性。通过ROC曲线我们发现,R为5.25 min时预测D-D升高大于0.5 μg/ml的敏感性是82.9%,特异性是89.5%。结论:宫颈癌患者血液呈高凝状态;TEG与特定的常规凝血参数之间显著相关;R和D-D具有检测的一致性。R值对宫颈癌患者D-二聚体水平的增高具有一定的敏感性和特异性。     

三阴性乳腺癌患者凝血相关指标的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者凝血相关指标及其临床意义。方法依据患者的纳入和排除标准,收集2015年1月至2016年8月无锡市妇幼保健院收治的174例Ⅰ~Ⅲa期乳腺癌患者的病历资料进行回顾性研究。依据乳腺癌分子分型标准将患者分为luminal A型组32例、luminal B型组55例、HER-2过表达型组37例和TNBC组50例。另外纳入乳腺良性肿瘤患者36例为对照组。分析治疗前各入组患者的血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值(PT-INR)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)定量、血小板计数(BPC)等指标。凝血指标数据以x珋±s表示,多组间均数比较采用单因素方差分析,2组均数比较采用t检验,两两比较采用LSD法。结果 4组间凝血相关指标APTT、PT、PT-INR、Fib及TT差异有统计学意义(F=3.083、4.680、8.272、5.426、3.919,P均0.050),而BPC差异无统计学意义(F=1.326,P=0.265)。TNBC组与对照组比较,APTT、PT、PT-INR显著降低[(25.92±2.80)s比(27.76±3.84)s,P0.050;(11.77±0.68)s比(12.27±0.87)s,P0.050;(0.99±0.59)s比(1.05±0.75)s,P0.050],而Fib和TT显著升高[(2.59±0.45)s比(2.12±0.42)s,P0.050;(20.07±1.31)s比(19.20±1.39)s,P0.050]。TNBC组患者与luminal B型组比较,PT、PT-INR降低[(11.77±0.68)s比(12.21±0.69)s,P0.050;(0.99±0.59)s比(1.04±0.06)s,P0.050],Fib升高、TT延长[(2.59±0.45)s比(2.37±0.58)s,P0.050;(20.07±1.31)s比(19.22±1.26)s,P0.050];TNBC组与HER-2过表达组比较,TT延长[(20.07±1.31)s对(19.50±1.31)s,P0.050]。TNBC患者中,有淋巴结转移者较无淋巴结转移者APTT缩短[(24.12±0.75)s比(26.43±2.70)s,t=-2.550,P=0.014];绝经后患者较绝经前患者PT缩短[(11.65±0.70)s比(12.08±0.55)s,t=-2.094,P=0.042],PT-INR降低[(0.98±0.61)s比(1.02±0.44)s,t=-2.272,P=0.028]。肿瘤直径≤2 cm者与2~5 cm者比较,各凝血指标APTT、PT、PT-INR、Fib及TT差异无统计学意义(t=-0.946、0.225、-1.321、-1.098、-1.376、-1.820,P均0.050)。结论乳腺癌患者机体呈高凝状态,三阴性乳腺癌患者高凝状态更加显著,绝经后及有淋巴结转移的三阴性乳腺癌患者有血栓形成风险。     

胃癌患者凝血指标检测及临床意义

目的 探讨胃癌患者凝血指标的变化与肿瘤侵犯深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期的关系。方法 收集2014年1月至12月的120例胃癌患者并检测其凝血指标：凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、纤维蛋白原（Fib）、D-二聚体（DD）和血小板（PLT）。并以同期60例健康体检者作为对照,比较两组间凝血指标的差异,并分析凝血指标和胃癌肿瘤侵犯深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期的关系。结果 与对照组相比,胃癌组Fib、DD、PLT均明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而两组APTT、TT、PT水平的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。胃癌患者中,T2～T4期与T1期比较,N1～N3期与N0比较,Ⅳ期与Ⅰ～Ⅲ期比较,Fib、DD、PLT均明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 胃癌患者的凝血功能明显变差,同时其凝血功能与胃癌的分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移密切相关。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Sarcopenia is associated with survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma treated with systemic chemotherapy

International Journal of Clinical Oncology - Sarcopenia impacts perioperative outcomes and prognosis in various carcinomas. We aimed to investigate whether sarcopenia at the time of chemotherapy...     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

超声心动图诊断26例心脏黏液瘤

应用经胸二维超声心动图（2DE）、彩色血流显像（CDFI）及频谱多普勒显像（Doppler）诊断26例心脏黏液瘤（27个瘤体）,对团块的位置、数目、大小、形状、瘤蒂附着点和活动度、心腔内及瓣膜口血流等进行探查及分析．认为心脏超声检查是心脏黏液瘤的首选检查方法,具有实时、经济、简便易行等优点。     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs