经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病短期疗效

目的应用超声心动图评价经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术(percutaneoustransluminalventricalarseptalchemicalablation,PTVSCA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的短期疗效。方法回顾性分析于1998年7月～2003年6月期间40例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者行PTVSCA。在消融术前及术后2周内行超声心动图测量室间隔厚度、左心室流出道宽度及左心室流出道压力阶差。结果40例术后两周内室间隔厚度(24±6)mm,术前(24±6)mm;平均左心室流出道宽度术后(12.8±2.6)mm,术前(13.1±2.4)mm;静息时左心室流出道压力阶差术后(101±7)mmHg,术前(40±8)mmHg。结论PTSMA术后即刻或短期内主要是通过降低梗阻部位室间隔的收缩力来缓解左心室流出道的梗阻,室间隔厚度改变需在稍后时间才能显现。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术与室间隔心肌切除术疗效比较

目的应用超声心动图比较肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术与室间隔心肌切除术的疗效。方法分别于经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术及室间隔心肌切除术前、后测量肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者左室流出道压差,比较术前及术后压差。结果肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者在进行经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术与室间隔心肌切除术后,左室流出道压差均较术前明显减低。经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术肥厚型心肌病患者术前左室流出道压差(99±19)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),术后降至(36±20) mm Hg(P<0.05)。进行室间隔心肌切除术肥厚型心肌病患者术前左室流出道压差(117±32) mm Hg,术后降至(28±17) mm Hg(P<0.05)。经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术与室间隔心肌切除术患者术后左室流出道压差差异无统计学意义[(36±20)mm Hg比(28±17)mm Hg]。结论经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术可以明显减低肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者左室流出道压差,且与室间隔心肌切除术疗效相似。     

经食管超声心动图在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病手术中的应用

目的:对比应用经食管超声心动图(TEE)对患者麻醉和手术转归的影响,阐述TEE在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病左心室流出道疏通术中的作用。方法:回顾性调查31例成人肥厚型梗阻性心肌病左心室流出道疏通术患者,分为GTEE和Gn2组,比较手术后2组患者左心室流出道压差、术后转归和并发症。结果:2组的体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间无差异,GTEE组术后左心室流出道压差[(26±10)mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa]明显低于Gn组[(59±28)mmHg,P<0.01];GTEE组术中并发症和术后转归好于Gn组。结论:术中TEE对麻醉监测和手术处理有积极的指导意义。     

室间隔部分切除术和经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者的中远期效果比较

目的:探讨室间隔减容治疗即室间隔部分切除术和经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者的中远期效果。方法:回顾性选择2010年1月1日至2016年12月31日在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院进行室间隔部分切除(手术组125例)或经皮室间隔心肌消融(介入组41例)的HOCM患者,并在手术前、术后对入组患者进行随访,中位随访时间为386天(136～1 617天),获取患者术前及术后半年以上的超声心动图指标评价室间隔厚度及左心室流出道压差变化。结果:手术组患者125例,年龄中位数48岁,男性70例(56.0%);介入组患者41例,年龄中位数50岁,男性28例(68.3%)。两组患者临床资料比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。中位随访386天,失访26例患者(15.6%),手术组和介入组分别失访18例和8例。与术前相比,术后手术组室间隔厚度(16.0 mm vs 21.0 mm,P0.05)、左心室流出道压差(8 mmHg vs 73 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa,P0.05)均下降;介入组室间隔厚度(15.0 mm vs 20.0 mm,P0.05)、左心室流出道压差(11 mmHg vs 66 mmHg,P0.05)均下降,以手术组残余压差更低(P0.05)。随访过程中手术组1例患者死亡,两组均有1例患者手术前后左心室流出道压差无明显改善。结论:两种室间隔减容治疗均可有效降低远期左心室流出道梗阻的情况,室间隔切除术患者术后残余左心室流出道压差更低。     

不同术式治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病效果的研究

目的:本研究是比较肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者接受经典Morrow术和改良Morrow术的手术效果。方法:从2008年12月到2016年12月,我院对有症状的HOCM患者共236例进行了手术治疗。其中86例接受经典术,150例接受改良术。记录患者围手术期的血流动力学资料及随访资料。结果:两种术式术前和术后左心室室间隔厚度[经典M术(22.1±11.9)vs.(17.1±4.0)mm;改良术(22.3±4.4)vs.(16.1±3.5)mm,P0.01],左心室流出道压差[(经典术[73.9(55.8,100.0)vs.10.2(7.0,14.4) mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa],改良术[73.9(55.8,100.0)vs. 10.2(7.0,14.4)mmHg,P0.01]。患者接受两种手术方式后室间厚度、左心室流出道压差明显降低,但改良组患者术后左心室流出道流速和压差比经典组下降更明显。结论:经典术和改良术均能降低HOCM患者左心室流出道梗阻,但改良术对于左心室流出道梗阻的缓解更好。     

肥厚型心肌病患者临床特征及肥厚节段分析

目的 对肥厚型心肌病患者临床特征及其受累肥厚节段的分布和程度进行分析.方法 连续收集2004年3月至2007年3月225例临床诊断或可疑的肥厚型心脏病患者的临床资料,包括症状、体征、心电图检查及超声心动图检查等.所有患者均接受心脏核磁共振检查.依据9节段分析法分析受累节段范围、程度等.结果 肥厚型心肌病患者中男163例,女62例,平均年龄(50.4±14.5)岁.28例肥厚型心肌病患者临床无症状,系通过体检发现.197例肥厚型心肌病患者临床症状明显,其中11例伴发晕厥.216例肥厚型心肌病患者心电图异常,73例患者有明确家族史.126例肥厚型心肌病患者可闻及收缩期杂音.超声心动图发现95例患者合并左心室流出道梗阻,32例患者伴发二尖瓣关闭不全.肥厚型心肌病患者合并高血压50例,合并冠心病14例,合并糖尿病5例.225例患者左心房前后径平均为(39.4±8.3)mm,左心室舒张末期横径平均为(47.8±5.5)mm.依据9节段分析法,32.1%的节段受累.非对称性肥厚患者222例,其中室间隔受累198例,对称性肥厚患者3例.心尖受累67例,其中单独心尖受累24例.98例患者室间隔和左心室前壁同时受累.所有室间隔肥厚患者室间隔平均厚度为(23.0±5.2)mm.其中伴发左心室流出道梗阻患者室间隔平均厚度为(24.3±5.3)mm,高于无梗阻患者(21.6±4.6)mm,P＜0.05.所有心尖肥厚患者心尖平均厚度为(15.6±3.4)mm.结论 我国肥厚型心肌病患者男性比例较高,临床发病时间较晚.心脏磁共振能很好地评估肥厚型心肌病各个亚型的病理解剖学特征,是准确诊断肥厚型心肌病的有效方法.     

肥厚型心肌病家族筛查报告1例

目的:对1例肥厚型心肌病家族进行筛查,并初步探讨外周血中相关指标的测定在家族性肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者中的临床意义。方法:对发现的肥厚型心肌病家系中所有成员49人,均行超声心动图检查和外周血相关指标的测定。观察该家系HCM患者的特点及外周血相关指标的临床意义。结果:该家系中共发现6例患者,其中男性2例,女性4例。以左心室后壁肥厚,室间隔肥厚以中段为著,基底段不明显,左心室流出道无梗阻,随年龄增大左心房扩大。HCM患者组外周血相关指标中仅心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)水平明显高于健康成员组〔(0.04±0.01)μg/L比(0.005±0.001)μg/L,P<0.01)〕。结论:HCM患者的血浆cTnI水平异常升高可能与cTnI基因突变有关,对无心肌梗死的人群筛查是否患有肥厚型心肌病可能具有一定的临床意义。     

多巴酚丁胺在肥厚型心肌病激发试验的应用

目的 评价多巴酚丁胺激发试验在肥厚型心肌病激发试验中的安全性及有效性,比较潜在型肥厚型梗阻与静息型肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的临床特点. 方法 对22例确诊肥厚型心肌病患者(左心室流出道压力阶差正常或轻度增加)进行多巴酚丁胺激发试验,以5 μg·min-1·kg-1为起始剂量静脉泵人多巴酚丁胺,每隔5 min增加5 μg·min-1·kg-1,最大剂量20 μg·min-1·kg-1.每一次剂量泵入2 min后进行超声心动图检查,并对其临床特点与57例静息型肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者进行比较. 结果 入选22例患者激发状态时左心室流出道流速峰值为(5.39±1.60)m/s,左心室流出道压力阶差(LVOTPG)峰值为(125.7±62.4)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa);达到峰值时多巴酚丁胺给药平均速率为(13.9±6.85)μg·min-1·kg-1.16例(72.7%)患者达到阳性标准;6例(27.3%)患者虽达到阴性标准,但LVOTPG也有显著升高.潜在型梗阻患者的年龄、性别、各房室腔内径、左心室射血分数、室间隔厚度、LVOTPG等与静息型梗阻患者比较,差异均无统计学意义,但二尖瓣前向运动(SAM)现象发生率较低(62.5%比100%),Maron Ⅱ型较多[50.0%(8/16)比29.8(17/57)]. 结论 在肥厚型心肌病激发试验中,小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声是一种较为安全和敏感性高的方法.潜在型较静息型肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者的SAM现象发生率低,Maron Ⅱ型占优势.     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病行左心室流出道疏通术与经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗的远期疗效分析

目的:回顾性方法研究肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者行左心室流出道疏通术与经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗的临床资料,评价两种治疗方法的远期疗效.方法:57例患者,28例行左心室流出道疏通术,29例行经皮室间隔化学消融术,分别比较两种方法治疗前、后左心室流出道压力阶差、室间隔厚度及每种方法治疗前后超声心动图结果,电话随访患者治疗后的临床症状.结果:28例左心室流出道疏通术患者平均年龄(36±16)岁,与术前比较,左心室流出道疏通术后室间隔厚度和左心室流出道压差明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后随访平均时间(3.8±1.2)年,并发症主要为心律失常,发生率64.3%,以完全左束支阻滞为主,胸闷好转率75%.经皮室间隔化学消融术患者平均年龄(43±11)岁,与术前比较,室间隔消融术后室间隔厚度和左心室流出道压差亦明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后随访平均时间(3.6±1.2)年,术后并发症主要为心律失常,发生率37.9%,以完全右束支阻滞为主,胸闷好转率75%.结论:外科左心室流出道疏通术及经皮室间隔化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病均可降低左心室流出道压力阶差,改善患者临床症状,有较好的远期疗效.     

经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病

目的评价室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病在急性期的效果。方法对52例确诊肥厚梗阻型心肌病患者进行经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗,并于术前、术后急性期进行超声心动观察。结果41例患者介入治疗成功,成功率为78.8%。术前超声观察室间隔平均厚度(22.96±5.15)mm,左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTPG)(92.64±38.69)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),术后急性期(4.8±3.2)d,室间隔平均厚度(21.27±4.64)mm,较术前比变薄,P<0.05;LVOTPG(51.79±38.99)mm Hg,较术前明显降低,P<0.001。结论经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病,在急性期可使室间隔平均厚度降低,收缩期左室流出道压力阶差显著下降。     

Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet in patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (i.e., asymmetric septal hypertrophy) may show obstruction to left ventricular outflow under basal conditions or with provocative maneuvers. The presence of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with concentric ventricular wall thickening (but without abnormalities of the aortic valve) has been less well appreciated. Clinical and morphologic features of five patients with nondilated left ventricles and with left ventricular outflow obstruction are presented. In each patient peak systolic pressure gradients between left ventricle and systematic artery were measured at cardiac catheterization and ranged from 60-140 mm Hg under basal conditions or with provocation. Each patient had echocardiographically documented systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet, which was apparently responsible for the outflow obstruction, and concentric left ventricular wall thickening (septal-free wall thickness ratio of less than 1.3). Two of the five patients had evidence of genetically transmitted hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as evidenced by disorganized muscle cells in the ventricular septum or asymmetric septal hypertrophy in first degree relatives. Hence, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction associated with systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet may occur in some patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy who do not have typical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.     

Doppler color flow mapping studies of jet formation and spatial orientation in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

To help clarify the mechanism of outflow tract obstruction and systolic anterior motion of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and their relation to the geometry of the left ventricle, we studied left ventricular outflow tract flow in 20 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) using two-dimensional Doppler flow mapping. We compared our results with outflow tract flow in 10 patients with isolated valvular aortic stenosis, (AS) and with those in 10 healthy volunteers. In HCM, a 94- to 145-degree angle (mean 111.4 +/- 11.9 degrees) developed between the direction of left ventricular outflow tract flow acceleration and aortic valve outflow, resulting in posterolaterally directed left ventricular outflow jets. The angle of the outflow jet and the peak velocity of the jet measured with continuous wave Doppler (as an indicator of the severity of obstruction) correlated well (r = -0.81, SEE = 7.8 degrees). Jet narrowing during ejection measured just proximal to the point of systolic anterior motion was 42 +/- 11% in HCM and was weakly correlated with peak jet velocity (r = 0.61, SEE = 8.9 degrees). Aliasing of left ventricular outflow occurred proximal to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and color M-mode demonstrated temporal and spatial flow acceleration proximal to systolic anterior motion, providing evidence for obstruction at that site. In AS, left ventricular outflow tract jets were more parallel to the axis of aortic outflow (129 to 153 degree, 138.4 +/- 8.1 degrees). Jet narrowing was only 8 +/- 5% compared to HCM (both p less than 0.05), and flow acceleration occurred proximal to the stenotic valve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Mechanism of development of asymmetric septal hypertrophy in patients with essential systemic hypertension

In order to understand the mechanism of development of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) in hypertension, 290 patients with essential hypertension (HT) were examined echocardiographically. Out of them 84 cases of advanced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) [37 cases of symmetric hypertrophy (HT-SH group) and 47 cases of ASH (HT-ASH group)] were compared in their clinical and echocardiographic findings with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In the 290 HT cases, the highest systolic pressure in each patient's history was found to correlate with left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness (PWT), but not with the septal wall thickness (IVST). There were no differences in LV thickness (IVST + PWT) among patients in the HT-ASH, HT-SH and HCM groups. While the HCM group patients showed no significant differences in IVST and PWT from those in the HT-ASH group, they did have greater IVST and smaller PWT than HT-SH group patients. The rapid filling rate (RFR) was also not much different in the HCM and HT-ASH groups, but was significantly lower in the HCM group than in the HT-SH group. Furthermore, HT-ASH group patients has a milder degree of hypertension and a higher incidence of familial occurrence of HCM than did those in the HT-SH group. After treatment for HT, the HT-SH group showed a significant decrease in wall thickness during long-term observation, while the HT-ASH and HCM groups, failed to exhibit such changes. Moreover, the degree of myocardial disarrangement in the HT-ASH group did not differ significantly from that in the HCM group. These results suggested that LVH in HT is related not only to pressure load but also to genetic factors similar to that in HCM.     

维持性血液透析患者左室结构功能变化

目的　探讨维持性血液透析患者左室结构功能的变化。方法　用彩色多普勒超声检测 2 0例维持性血液透析 (HD组 )、10例高血压心脏病 (HHD组 )、10例无高血压的非梗阻性肥厚性心肌病 (HCM组 )患者、10例年龄相匹配的正常人的左心房内径 (L AD)、室间隔厚度 (IVST)、左心室后壁厚度 (L VPWT)、等容舒张时间(IRT)、舒张早期和晚期左心室充盈峰血流速度比值 (E/A)、左心室重量指数 (L VMI)。结果　 HD组和 HHD组与 HCM组相比 ,L AD、IVST、L VMI、L VPWT、IRT显著减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,E/A比值增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,L VMI、E/A比值和收缩压 (SBP)之间有相关性 (L VMI与 SBP呈正相关 ,P <0 .0 0 1;E/A比值与 SBP呈负相关 ,P <0 .0 5 )。HD组与 HHD组相比 ,L AD,IVST、L VPWT、IRT、L VMI、E/A无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　 HD患者的左心室肥厚和左心室舒张功能不全与 HHD患者相似 ,但比 HCM患者轻。提示对 HD患者应严格控制血压 ,以减轻心肌肥厚 ,改善左心室舒张功能     

Effect of alcohol-induced septal ablation on left atrial volume and ejection fraction assessed by real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Alcohol-induced septal ablation (AISA) is an accepted treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with left ventricular (LV) outflow obstruction who are unresponsive to medical therapy. As left atrial (LA) enlargement has been correlated with increased morbidity and mortality in HCM, we assessed LA volumes and ejection fraction (EF) prior to and after AISA using real time three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in 12 patients (9 women; mean age 52 ± 15 years; 11 Caucasian). All patients underwent successful AISA with no complications and their resting left ventricular outflow gradients decreased from 40.5 ± 22.2 to 9.1 ± 17.6 mmHg (P < 0.001) while their gradients with provocation decreased from 126.2 ± 31.7 to 21.8 ± 28.0 mmHg (P < 0.001). All patients showed improvements in their New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. Both the LA end-systolic (45.2 ± 12.9 to 37.2 ± 13.7 ml, P < 0.0001) and end-diastolic (79.6 ± 18.9 to 77.1 ± 18.6 ml, P = 0.001) volumes decreased after AISA. The LA EF increased from 43.1 ± 9.0 to 52.5 ± 8.8% (P = 0.001). The increase in LA EF correlated with the decrease in the resting left ventricular outflow gradient (R =−0.647, P = 0.03). In conclusion, 3D echocardiography can be utilized to follow LA function after AISA for HCM. AISA results in clinical improvement in patients with HCM and in improvement of LA EF that is correlated with the decrease in the left ventricular outflow gradient.     

Comparison of diastolic septal perforator flow velocities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy versus hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy

In this study, we measured diastolic septal perforator flow velocities by Doppler transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Using color-guided pulsed Doppler TTE, septal perforator flow velocity recordings were attempted in 69 patients and successfully recorded in 47 (68%). First, we compared 14 patients with HCM to 12 controls and to 11 patients with hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy. Next, in 10 additional patients with HCM, we compared the septal velocities with the epicardial left anterior descending artery (LAD) velocities recorded during the same TTE study. In the patients with HCM, the peak septal diastolic velocities were twice that of the normal controls (88 +/- 40 vs 41 +/- 13 cm/s) and also higher than in hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (51 +/- 18 cm/s, p < 0.0001). All 10 patients with HCM showed a step-up of peak diastolic velocity from the LAD to the septal perforator from 41 +/- 9 to 72 +/- 17 cm/s (p < 0.0001). Three patients with HCM had surgical septal myectomy. These patients had luminal narrowings of the small intramural arteries at histopathologic examination. In conclusion, pulsed Doppler measurement of septal perforator flow velocities is feasible. In HCM, the epicardial coronary arteries enlarge to accommodate increased flow, and diastolic velocity is normalized. In contrast, the increased velocities in the septal branches of patients with HCM are similar to those previously observed in tunnel-like obstructions. These findings suggest that in HCM, notwithstanding an increase in coronary flow, hemodynamically significant narrowings are present in the septal branches. Doppler TTE may become useful for evaluation of abnormal intramural coronary flow in HCM.     

肥厚型心肌病QT离散度及其与左室重量关系的研究

目的　观察肥厚型心肌病 (HCM )患者QT离散度 (QTd)与左室重量 (LVM)关系 ,探讨HCM患者心室肌复极电活动稳定性及引起其不稳定的主要原因。方法　HCM患者 6 4例 ;梗阻组 (HOCM ) 33人 ;非梗阻组 (HNCM ) 31例 ;对照组健康人 32例。三组均做 12导联同步心电图及超声心动图。测定三组QTd、心率校正的QT离散度 (QTcd)、舒张期左室内径 (LVEDD) ,舒张期室间隔厚度 (IVST)及左室后壁厚度 (LVPWT) ,计算出LVM。结果　①HCM组 (包括HOCM组和HNCM组 )LVM、IVST、QTd、QTcd较正常对照组显著提高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;HOCM组与HNCM组上述指标无统计学差别(P >0 0 5 ) ;②HCM患者QTd与LVM呈正相关 ,r为 0 32 5 ;③HCM患者QTd与IVST呈正相关 ,r为 0 4 6 3。结论　HCM患者心室肌复极电活动有着不稳定性及不同步性 ,具有很强的心律失常易感性和心律失常源性 ,可能与左室肥厚的程度 ,重量的增加有关 ,与LVOT有无梗阻无关。     

Pulmonary Embolism in a Patient With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Think Outside “the Box”

A patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) was admitted with acute heart failure. Echocardiography revealed significantly worsened left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed biventricular dysfunction and, as an unexpected finding, a large embolus in the right pulmonary artery. The patient gradually improved with medical therapy including oral anticoagulation. In HOCM patients, pulmonary embolism may trigger heart failure due to impaired left ventricular filling with consecutive outflow tract obstruction provocation.     

Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Echocardiography was used to evaluate the incidence, flow dynamics and morphological characteristics of right ventricular obstruction in 91 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Color flow mapping was used to define the sites of obstruction in the left and right ventricles. Ventricular obstruction was considered to be present if the flow velocity was less than 2.0 m/s as measured by continuous wave Doppler. The thickness of both the right ventricular free wall and anterior ventricular septum was measured to assess the magnitude and extent of hypertrophy. Right ventricular obstruction was present in 14 patients of whom 6 (43%) had left ventricular obstruction also. The right ventricular obstructions were found in the outflow tract (9 patients), mid-base septal bulge (2 patients) and apical trabecular region (3 patients). Doppler waveform was confined to systole in all patients with obstruction in the outflow tract and in one of the patients with mid-base septal bulge. Moreover, the flow wave persisted into early diastole in 4 patients, including 2 with apical trabecular obstruction. The thickness of both the right ventricular free wall and anterior ventricular septum suggested that these hypertrophied regions were the sites of right ventricular obstruction. Thus, echocardiography was useful in evaluating right ventricular obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.     

应用Doppler超声观察肥厚性心肌病患者左心室内血流速度的改变

本文应用 Doppler 超声及实时二维 Doppler 彩色血流显象(CDFI)法观察了19例肥厚性心肌病(HCM)患者左心室内收缩期血流速度及左室收缩状态,结果示,不论有无左室流出道狭窄,HCM 患者左室内(包括左室流出道、室中及心尖部)收缩期血流峰值速度均明显增高,在左室流出道内可呈高速的湍流,于 CDFI 上表现为严重的 Aliasing 现象及轻度 Mosaic 现象,说明 HCM 患者左心室呈高动力型收缩状态。应用 CDFI 技术可指导脉冲波(PW)及连续波(CW)Doppler 对异常血流的采样,提高对 HCM 患者左室内高速血流速度测定的准确性。