雷达式生命探测仪中人体数量识别技术的研究

针对雷达式生命探测仪穿墙检测到人体的呼吸信号的非平稳特性,采用短时傅里叶变换、频谱图,对单人、多人的呼吸信号进行分析,并通过奇异值分解有效地提取特征矢量进行模式识别,能够成功地识别单人和多人.实验结果表明,基于短时傅里叶变换的奇异值分解法能够稳定、有效地提取特征矢量,从而达到对雷达式生命探测仪中人体数量的较准确地识别.     

多模式音频脉冲信号光电穴位刺激对高血压大鼠血液流变性及血压的影响

本文主要研究多模式音频脉冲信号光、电穴位刺激对自发性高血压大鼠血液流变性及血压的影响,以探索延缓血压升高的方法。雄性自发性高血压大鼠40只随机分为A组(对照组)、B组(电刺激"足三里"穴)、C组(脉冲激光照射耳尖穴)、D组(耳尖穴行激光照射兼对"足三里"行电刺激),每组10只。每天激光照射时间为45min,电刺激时间为30min,连续治疗10d,比较大鼠血液流变学参数及血压的变化情况。结果显示:C、D组全血黏度、血浆黏度及红细胞变形指数较对照组均有改善,D组全血黏度及血浆黏度值最小;B、D组血压在治疗后有不同程度的降低,D组血压下降幅度较明显,A、C组血压有不同程度的上升,但C组上升幅度明显小于A组。综上,脉冲式的光、电刺激信号同时作用于自发性高血压大鼠的不同穴位,对改善血液流变特性及非药物辅助治疗高血压有较为明显的治疗效果。     

半导体激光照射对大鼠强激光损伤愈合的影响

本文采用高功率密度CO2激光照射大鼠背部皮肤,建立临床上用CO2激光治疗皮肤病的动物皮肤损伤模型,并以低强度的连续及脉冲的532 nm半导体激光照射损伤模型,观察并测定其创口愈合时间、愈合速度等指标,对创口标本进行组织学观察.结果表明,受照射创面的平均愈合时间均较未照射组缩短;愈合过程各阶段愈合速度的变化趋势与激光输出方式有关,连续输出形式对创口的促进作用明显优于脉冲输出形式;同样以脉冲形式输出时,脉冲频率相同的半导体激光有相似的愈合速度变化趋势;光镜、电镜组织学观察,激光组和对照组相比在表皮再生、炎性反应及胶原纤维增生程度上均未发现明显不同.     

脉冲式Ho：YAG激光消融效应的实验研究

为研究功率、照射时间、脉冲能量、脉冲频率等激光参数对Ｈｏ：ＹＡＧ激光肖融效应的影响,我们以５只犬食管作为实验对象,以不同功率、不同时间照射食管粘膜;对相同功率,又分为高脉冲能量低脉冲频率（Ｈ）组和低脉冲能量高脉冲频率（Ｌ）组进行配对研究,观察不同激光参数消融作用的差异。结果显示：脉冲式Ｈｏ：ＹＡＧ激光 融作用与功率和照射时间成正相关;Ｈ组消融作用大于Ｌ组;高功率的Ｈｏ：ＹＡＧ激光,主要表现出消融作     

微波激励热声信号采集系统

为了能够成功采集和提取微波脉冲照射生物组织所产生的微弱热声信号,实现对组织的微波热声成像,开发出了一种热声信号数据采集系统.制作了增益105dB、带宽3MHz的可调增益信号预处理器,结合软件设计解决了四通道大数据量保存问题;通过对LabVIEW和C语言进行混合编程实现数字式平均计算,对强噪声背景中的信号进行消噪处理,解决了平均计算过程中的数据漂移问题,这种方法还能够去除奇异信号从而获得更为准确的结果;最后通过实验对微波激励的信号进行采集和分析.实验结果证明本采集系统完全可以满足微波热声成像中热声信号采集的要求.达到预期效果.     

激光器的医学应用(续)

5.照射方式和机体的损伤程度用激光照射机体以切开或切除时,在切开或穿孔部位的边缘会生成炭化层、坏死层等质变层。质变层较薄,恢复较快,而且手术痕迹不明显。因此有希望成为切割良好而又能抑制对周围组织产生影响的方法。作为这种方法之一,脉冲照射比连续照射所生成的质变层要薄些。这一点是明确的。由于脉冲照射条件(即脉冲照射的时间、间隙时间及重复次数等等,     

基于非晶硅电子射野影像装置的剂量响应研究

目的：临床条件下研究探讨非晶硅电子射野影像装置（a-Si EPID）的剂量响应特性。方法 ：本实验在Elekta Precise直线加速器上X射线能量分别为6 MV和10 MV,采用PTW电离室、等效固体水和不同厚度铜板条件下实施测量。首先,通过EPID信号和模体中电离室的测量比较,确定出EPID剂量响应的建成厚度。其次,临床条件下利用模体的不同厚度测量分析有关剂量、每脉冲剂量和脉冲重复频率（PRF）函数的EPID信号响应情况。结果：在不增加建成材料、10 cm～60cm空气间隙条件下EPID显示了最大11.6%的过响应信号变化。临床上额外将3 mm铜建成区置于EPID上方,空气间隙大于40 cm条件下EPID响应变化将会降至1%以内。在测量范围内随MU数、PRF和每脉冲剂量变化的EPID信号响应是非线性的,最大信号变化接近于3%。因假峰和图像滞后效应等影响,短时间照射EPID会明显地产生出低剂量响应。结论：采用合适的建成层和实施对每脉冲剂量、PRF等校正,非晶硅EPID剂量响应变化可控制在1%以内,从而建立起较为理想的剂量响应曲线。     

离体组织导热率实验研究

目的生物组织热物性参数是揭示其热传输能力和载热能力及进一步研究生物传热机制的重要指标,导热率是生物组织热物性基本参数之一。方法本文基于等温加热法进行了猪瘦肉、猪脂肪、猪肝等离体组织导热率的实时在位测量和分析：首先选取三种生物组织样本各一块,在其中心位置放置热源,然后离中心不同距离设置五个温度观测点,并测量系统的功率时间变化曲线及各测量点的温度,最后经MATLAB处理获得各点的导热率数据。结果实验结果表明,上述三种组织具有不同的导热率,其中,猪瘦肉的导热率最大,猪肝的导热率次之,脂肪的导热率最小;同一组织内部的不同位置导热率相近。结论本文测量方法和结果对深入开展生物组织传热机制、组织无损温度重构和肿瘤热疗等研究具有重要意义。     

音频调制半导体脉冲激光器的设计及对大鼠照射剂量的研究

目的:为了克服连续激光和固定脉冲激光长时间照射易使机体产生适应性而影响治疗效果的缺点,本文设计了一款基于音频调制的半导体脉冲激光器(波长650nm),并探索其改善大鼠血液流变性的照射剂量。方法:用多模式音频调制脉冲信号治疗仪作激励源,使激光器输出等强度、脉宽可变的脉冲激光,激光器的开关控制电路可调节激光的输出功率;对三组Wistar大鼠的耳尖穴每天分别用激光照射30min、45min、60min,10天后取血检测大鼠的全血粘度和血浆粘度。结果:激光器在脉冲输出状态,功率为50mW;无脉冲输出状态,连续光功率为15mW时,照射45min的大鼠全血粘度和血浆粘度值最低。结论:本文设计的激光系统在一定的照射剂量下对大鼠的血液流变性有较大的改善,提示可对早期高血压的降压研究提供参考。     

基于小波变换的肌肉疲劳表面肌电信号特征提取的研究

当前肌肉疲劳表面肌电信号(surface electromgography,sEMG)特征提取方法,忽略了非线性跳错信号的影响,且不能在非平稳状态下进行特征提取,存在特征提取准确度差的问题。提出基于小波变换的肌肉疲劳sEMG特征提取研究,采用小波变换对所采集的样本去噪,结合时域、频域特征分析法,融合傅里叶变换方法对肌电信号中的线性特征进行提取,根据带谱近似熵理论对非线性挑错信号进行特征回归分析,并利用拟态分解函数和希尔伯特变换法对肌电信号进行时频特征的整合提取,最终完成基于小波变换的肌肉疲劳sEMG特征提取研究。实验验证,所提方法具有可行性,且将1000个肌电信号样本分成5组,对其中的跳错信号进行特征提取,所提方法准确度较文献方法高出75%,在非平稳状态下将200个肌电信号样本分成5组进行特征提取,所提方法准确度较文献方法高出33%。由此得出,所提方法优于当前特征提取方法。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.