颊脂垫摘除术26例总结

颊脂垫贴附于颊肌表面．作为一种“填充物”存在于各肌之间。参与咀嚼功能。如果颊脂垫过于肥大，在成年人面部会表现为双侧颊部过于丰满，俗称婴儿面。2004年4月至2006年12月，笔者采用颊脂垫摘除术治疗颊脂垫肥大者26例，获得了较满意的效果。现报道如下。     

应用改良器械的小切口髓核摘除术

目的：探讨小切口髓核摘除术的器械改良、手术方法和疗效。方法：自１９９０年２月～１９９８年４月,采用改良椎管手术器械治疗腰椎间盘突出症１２５例,包括多节段突出３７例,中央型突出３２例。结果：经６月～８年随访,优良率９３６％。结论：小切口髓核摘除术可以在减压的同时保持脊柱的稳定性,改良椎管手术器械方便了手术的操作,只要方法得当,小切口髓核摘除术同样适用于多节段和中央型椎间盘突出。     

颊脂垫摘除术26例总结

颊脂垫贴附于颊肌表面,作为一种"填充物"存在于各肌之间,参与咀嚼功能.如果颊脂垫过于肥大,在成年人面部会表现为双侧颊部过于丰满,俗称婴儿面[1].2004年4月至2006年12月,笔者采用颊脂垫摘除术治疗颊脂垫肥大者26例,获得了较满意的效果.现报道如下.     

小切口髓核摘除术切口定位及病变间隙的确认

目的：准确的皮肤切口定位和突出间隙的确认是小切口椎间盘摘除术的成功关键之一。方法：我们对５３８例腰椎间盘突出症病人行过小切口椎间盘摘除术。术前我们采用：读、摸、按相结合的皮肤切口定位法，术中又用摸、摇、触相结合的办法对突出间隙进行再确认。结果：定位准确率可达１００％。避免了使用单一固定的解剖关系定位法所可能造成的定位错误。结论：该方法是利用病人腰椎的正常解剖结构，结合病人病椎的病理变化特点，同时又考虑到病人解剖变异的可能而设计的临床定位法。它对小切口椎间盘突出摘除术有一定的临床指导意义。     

口内入路隆下颌联合颊脂垫切除治疗下颌后缩畸形

女性椭圆形脸是东方人公认的美丽脸型。其轮廓主要取决于颞部、颧部、颊部、下颌区、下颌角等因素。     

口内外联合小切口下颌角肥大整形术

目的:联合微小口内切口及口外切口行下颌角肥大整形术。方法:对32例下颌角肥大患者,通过口内微小龈颊沟切口行咬肌止点剥离,酌情切除部分咬肌;通过口外微小下颌缘下切口行翼内肌止点剥离及下颌角矢状或弧形截骨术。结果:术后切口无明显瘢痕,无并发症,下颌角外观光滑自然,形态及手感良好,X线摄片检查见下颌角截除效果好。结论:微小口内外联合切口下颌角肥大整形术具有瘢痕轻微及手术效果良好的优点,值得推广。     

颊脂垫的解剖及临床应用研究进展

颊脂垫(Buccal Fat Pad,BFP)是一团位于面部深部间隙的脂肪组织,解剖结构复杂,有辅助面部肌肉运动、保护面部重要结构的作用.带蒂BFP瓣制作简单,易于成活,目前已广泛应用于口腔颌面部邻近部位缺损的修复.近年来,BFP在改善面部轮廓及年轻化方面受到越来越多的关注.但其解剖的详细毗邻、BFP在衰老后的变化及作...     

颊脂垫瓣移转在腭裂修复中的应用

目的介绍颊脂垫瓣移转的应用原理及用以腭裂修复的实践。方法将颊脂垫瓣移植于硬腭裂隙的口腔侧创面，或充填于腭部的口腔与鼻腔侧组织瓣之间，尤其是硬软腭交界处。颊脂垫不需用皮片覆盖，可以自行上皮化。结果共治疗腭裂６例，术后颊脂垫完全成活，无腭瘘形成，无颊间隙感染发生。２周后，颊脂垫自行上皮化。结论颊脂垫血供丰富，易于成活，可为Ⅱ期愈合的创面提供肉芽组织再生床，改善软硬组织血供，以促进伤口的愈合。使通过常规的手术方法不能或难以修复的大的裂隙或缺损得以修复     

颊脂垫瓣移转在腭裂修复中的应用

目的介绍颊脂垫辦移转的应用原理及用以腭裂修复的实践。方法将颊脂垫瓣移植于硬腭裂隙的口腔侧创面,或充填于腭部的口腔与鼻腔侧组织辦之间,尤其是硬软腭交界处。颊脂垫不需用皮片覆盖,可以自行上皮化。结果共治疗腭裂6例,术后颊脂垫完全成活,无腭瘘形成,无颊间隙感染发生。2周后,颊脂垫自行上皮化。结论颊脂垫血供丰富,易于成活,可为Ⅱ期愈合的创面提供肉芽组织再生床,改善软硬组织血供,以促进伤口的愈合。使通过常规的手术方法不能或难以修复的大的裂隙或缺损得以修复。     

口内切口辅以微小口外切口下颌角缩小整形术

目的：综合口内切口、口外微小切口两切口优点，行肥大下颌角骨磨除手术。方法：口内下颌角手术切口，辅以口外下颌角尖端皮肤3mm微小切口，将电动磨头柄部由此小口穿出，在口外将下颌角骨部分磨除，口内去除部分咬肌，术后由口外切口置放引流，减轻术后肿胀。结果：以此术式行14例双侧下颌角缩小整形，术后肿胀较同期的8例单纯口内切口手术者明显减轻，肿胀消退亦快，经X线检查下颌骨磨除效果好，弧线光滑自然，术后外观、形态、手感均达到良好效果。口外切口瘢痕不明显。结论：口内切口辅以口外微小切口下颌角缩小是易操作、瘢痕小、效果好的手术方法。     

The buccal fat pad flap in oral reconstruction

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to describe the surgical technique, indications, advantages, and possible complications of the buccal fat pad flap and to report our clinical experience with this flap for intraoral reconstruction after tumor removal. METHODS: The flap has been used to reconstruct oral defects after tumor resection in 32 patients, who have been retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Adequate closure of the defect was achieved during surgery in all cases. In one case, there was partial loss of the flap; this was treated conservatively. In five cases there was some retraction in the reconstructed area. CONCLUSIONS: Buccal fat pad as a flap offers an adequate reconstructive option to be born in mind when reconstructing small to medium defects in the oral cavity. It is a simple and quick surgical technique with a low incidence of complications.     

无覆盖带蒂颊脂垫瓣在修复口腔缺损中的应用

目的：介绍无覆盖带蒂颊脂垫瓣用于口腔缺损修复的实践。方法：将颊脂垫瓣转移到相应的口腔缺损区,暴露的颊脂垫瓣表面无需植皮,可以自行上皮化。结果：共治疗口腔缺损病例13例,均获成功,颊脂垫瓣封闭效果好。结论：无覆盖带蒂颊脂垫瓣作为局部区域性组织转移瓣,对口腔内颊部、软腭和牙槽等部位软组织缺损的修复尤为适宜,是一种口腔内软组织缺损理想的充填材料。     

Delayed buccal fat pad herniation: An unusual complication of buccal flap in cleft surgery

Buccal musculomucosal flap is commonly used in cleft palate surgery for providing additional lining when nasal mucosa is inadequate. We report an unusual complication of progressively increasing fat herniation from the sutured donor site which started appearing on the third postoperative day. This necessitated excision of the protruding fat pad on the seventh postoperative day. The possible mechanism and precautions for prevention of this complication are discussed.     

下面部过宽矫正术

目的下面部过宽采取单纯下颌角截骨有时不能取得理想的效果，正确选择适应证进行下颌骨体劈裂截骨术可取得更好的手术效果。方法对下面部宽大，下颌骨体肥厚，下颌角外翻明显的“四方脸”者（１３例，其中男性２例，女性１１例）进行了下颌骨体部的劈裂截骨术和部分咬肌去除术。女性中的６例因颊部脂肪丰满，为取得更为明显的效果，在进行劈裂截骨术和部分咬肌去除术的同时，还进行了颊脂肪垫的部分去除术。结果术后３个月到１年随访中，求美者对手术结果非常满意，下面部平均较术前减少约１．２～１．７ｃｍ。结论下颌骨体的劈裂截骨、部分咬肌和颊脂肪垫去除可有效缩窄下面部的宽度。劈裂截骨术对下颌骨体肥大伴明显外翻者可取得相当好的手术效果，手术结合部分咬肌及颊脂肪垫的去除能取得更为理想的效果     

颊脂肪垫瓣在修复口腔颌面部缺损中的应用

目的探讨颊脂肪垫瓣在修复口腔颌面部缺损的应用和效果.方法将颊脂肪垫形成一蒂在后方的颊脂肪垫组织瓣转移至缺损区,在无张力下与创缘缝合,表面轻轻用碘仿纱布缝线包压法固定.用以修复口腔颌面部的良恶性肿瘤手术或损伤留下的缺损以及口腔上颌窦瘘共18例.其中修复腭部缺损2例,上颌骨切除后缺损7例,颊黏膜癌切除后缺损3例,颊部良性肿瘤切除后缺损4例,磨牙后区黏表癌切除后缺损1例,封闭拔牙后口腔上颌窦瘘1例.结果术后10 d去除碘仿纱布,见颊脂肪垫轻度水肿,2～4周后水肿明显消退,颊脂肪垫表面逐渐上皮化,6～8周内表面完全上皮化,3个月后再生黏膜与正常口腔黏膜相似.全部病例效果满意,无感染、坏死等并发症发生.结论带蒂颊脂肪垫瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损,方法简单、易行,效果满意,值得推广.     

Resection of the buccal fat pad in the treatment of hypertrophy of the masseter muscle

Partial resection of the buccal fat pad added to the resection of the masseter muscle clearly improves the results in hypertrophy of these muscles.     

Pedicled buccal fat pad flap for intraoral malignant defects: A series of 29 cases

A buccal fat pad (BFP) as a flap for reconstruction of defects in the oral cavity has been described for a variety of benign conditions. We describe the indications, advantages, and complications of the BFP flap and report our clinical experience with the flap for intraoral reconstruction after tumor removal. From 2005 to 2008, we analyzed 29 patients in the age range of 32 to 82 years old who underwent a pedicled BFP flap reconstruction for oral defects after intraoral tumor removal. Postoperative wound healing and complications including any recurrence was followed-up prospectively. Most of the patients had an uneventful immediate postoperative period with signs of buccal fat pad epithelialization by the end of the first week and complete epithelialization at the end of the first month. On continued follow-up, a linear band of fibrous tissue under the epithelialized mucosa replaced the once reconstructed buccal fat pad. Three patients had varying degrees of hemorrhage: one of them had hematoma that healed with severe fibrosis and of the remaining two, one had a partial flap loss and one had a complete flap loss. Judicious use of buccal fat pad reconstruction offers a simple, convenient, and reliable way to reconstruct small to medium defects of the oral cavity with low morbidity, even in older patients who would not be able to tolerate time-consuming flap reconstruction procedures.