rhGM-CSF免疫鉴别试验方法研究

注射用重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)的处方组成为重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、甘露醇、人血白蛋白;具有促进造血祖细胞增殖和分化,刺激粒、单核巨噬细胞成熟,促进成熟细胞向外周血释放,并能促进巨噬细胞及嗜酸性细胞的多种功能.     

粒─巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的临床药理研究进展

粒─巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的临床药理研究进展粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｇｒａｎｕｌｏｃｙｔｅ－ｍａｃｒｏｐｈａｇｅｃｏｌｏｎｙ－ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）是一种促进正常造血细胞增殖和分化的多肽类激素，对粒细胞和单核／巨噬细胞的生...     

重组人干细胞因子与重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子联合用药的猴毒性研究

重组人干细胞因子 (rhSCF)和重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子 (rhG CSF)是临床常用的造血生长因子 (HGF) ,实验提示rhSCF和rhG CSF与IL3、IL 6、粒 -巨噬细胞刺激因子、Epo等造血生长因子的各种联合应用有增效作用[1] 。rhSCF和重组人粒 /单集落刺激因子 (rhGM CSF)均能刺激CFU GM生成 ,两者联合应用的作用明显强于rhSCF或rhGM CSF单用[2 ] 。rhSCF与重组人粒 -单系集落刺激因子、重组人IL3和重组人粒 -单系集落刺激因子 /IL3的融合蛋白等造血生长因子伍用可增加集落产率增大集落体积[3 ] ,但两种造血生长因子联用对实验动物…     

集落刺激因子在临床的应用

集落刺激因子(CSF_s)是一组糖蛋白。它具有刺激造血干细胞和影响定向造血祖细胞成熟、分化和功能激活等功能。本文重点介绍了粒-巨噬细胞CSF(GM-CSF)在多种疾病中应用,并简单讨论其它几种C5F如粒细胞CSF(G-CSF)、巨噬细胞CSF(M-CSF)和促红细胞生成素临床应用前景。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子在感染性疾病中的应用

粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)是特异性地促进中性细胞产生的造血因子。通过基因工程已生产重组G-CSF,现已有用于感染性疾病治疗的市售产品。本文就G-CSF在治疗感染性疾病中的作用及其使用方法加以介绍。中性细胞、巨噬细胞的产生与集落刺激因子     

重组人粒细胞一巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的临床研究进展

本文着重从骨髓发育异常综合症,骨髓移植,外周血造血干细胞移植,恶性肿瘤放疗和化疗引起的白细胞减少症和白血病等方面介绍了重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM—CSF)近些年的临床研究进展情况。     

基因重组人集落刺激因子对环磷酰胺处理小鼠造血干细胞的动员…

国产基因重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）和进口人粒细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ），对Ｃ５７小鼠环磷酰胺（ＣＰＡ）应用所造成的骨髓抑制，无论在化疗药与造血因子同时应用的治疗组或造血因子先于化疗药应用的预防组，均显示出对造血干细胞明显的动员作用，与对照组相比有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１～Ｐ〈０．００１），ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ升高白细胞（ＷＢＣ）的作用稍次于ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ，但增加骨髓Ｄ     

rhGM-CSF免疫鉴别试验方法研究

注射用重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)的处方组成为重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、甘露醇、人血白蛋白;具有促进造血祖细胞增殖和分化,刺激粒、单核巨噬细胞成熟,促进成熟细胞向外周血释放,并能促进巨噬细胞及嗜酸性细胞的多种功能。2005年版《中国药典》三部中,将rhGM-CSF的鉴别试验方法修改为免疫印迹法或免疫班点法,并在附录中明确规定了检测方法。这两种检测方法均采用酶联免疫学原理进行分析,由于实验检测中,样品中含有大量的、成分复杂的人血白蛋白,而免疫斑点法却未能有效地分离出人血白蛋白,至使影响整个酶联…     

重组人粒细胞—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的临床研究进展

本文着重从骨髓发育异常综合症，骨髓移植，外周血造血干细胞移植，恶性肿瘤放疗和化疗引起的白细胞减少症和白血病等方面介绍了重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）近些年的临床研究进展情况。     

昆布多糖对大鼠骨髓巨噬细胞生物活性的影响

目的研究昆布多糖对大鼠骨髓巨噬细胞生物活性的影响。方法制备并体外培养大鼠骨髓造血干／祖细胞、巨噬细胞;制备昆布多糖作用后的骨髓巨噬细胞条件培养液,测定培养液中造血生长因子促红细胞生成素（EP0）、粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM—CSF）、白细胞介素-3（IL-3）表达及活性;测定昆布多糖条件培养液作用后造血祖细胞的集落产率。结果经昆布多糖诱导的骨髓巨噬细胞培养上清液可显著提高骨髓造血祖细胞的集落产率;经昆布多糖诱导后,骨髓巨噬细胞的EPO、GM—CSF和IL-3的表达增高。结论昆布多糖可刺激骨髓巨噬细胞造血因子表达增高,从而促进髓系多向性造血祖细胞（CFU—Mix）、红系祖细胞（CFU—E）、粒-单系造血祖细胞（CFU-GM）的增殖分化。     

Prenatal nicotine exposure enhances the susceptibility to metabolic syndrome in adult offspring rats fed high-fat diet via alteration of HPA axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolic programming

Aim： Prenatal nicotine exposure （PNE） alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical （HPA） axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolic programming in intrauterine growth retardation offspring rats. In this study we aimed to clarify the susceptibility to metabolic diseases of PNE offspring rats fed a high-fat diet. Methods： Maternal Wistar rats were injected with nicotine （1.0 mg/kg, sc） twice per day from gestational day 11 until full-term delivery, and all pups were fed a high-fat diet after weaning and exposed to unpredictable chronic stress （UCS） during postnatal weeks 18-20. Blood samples were collected before and after chronic stress, and serum ACTH, corticosterone, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acids levels were measured. The hypothalamus, pituitary gland and liver were dissected for histological studies. Results： UCS significantly increased the serum ACTH, corticosterone and insulin levels as well as the insulin resistant index without changing the serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acids levels in adult offspring rats without PNE. The body weight of PNE offspring rats presented a typical ＂catch-up＂ growth pattern. PNE not only aggravated the UCS-induced changes in the HPA axis programmed alteration （caused further increases in the serum ACTH and corticosterone levels）, but also significantly changed the glucose and lipid metabolism after UCS （caused further increases in the serum glucose level and insulin resistant index, and decrease in the serum free fatty acids）. The effects of PNE on the above indexes after UCS showed gender differences. Pathological studies revealed that PNE led to plenty of lipid droplets in multiple organs. Conclusion： PNE enhances not only the HPA axis, but also the susceptibility to metabolic diseases in adult offspring rats fed a high-fat diet after UCS in a gender-specific manner and enhances the susceptibility to metabolic diseases in adult offspring rats fed a high-fat diet.     

Hsp90 inhibitor BILBO21 enhances triptolide-induced apoptosis of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro mainly by disrupting p53- MDM2 balance

Aim： To investigate the effects of BILBO21, an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 （Hsp90） alone or in combination with triptolide （TPL） on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia （T-ALL） and the mechanisms of action. Methods： Human T-ALL cells line Molt-4 was examined. The cell viability was measured using M]-I- assay. Apoptotic cells were studied with Hoechst 33258 staining. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining and PI staining, respectively. The levels of multiple proteins, including Akt, p65, CDK4/6, p18, Bcl-2 family proteins, MDM2, and p53, were examined with Western blotting. The level of MDM2 mRNA was determined using RT-PCR. Results： Treatment of Molt-4 cells with BILBO21 （50-800 nmol/L） inhibited the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner （the IC~ovalue was 384.6 and 301.8 nmol/L, respectively, at 48 and 72 h）. BILBO21 dose-dependently induced Go/G1 phase arrest, followed by apoptosis of Molt-4 cells. Furthermore, BILBO21 increased the expression of p18, decreased the expression of CDK4/6, and activated the caspase pathway in Molt-4 cells. Moreover, BILBO21 （50-400 nmol/L） dose-dependently decreased the phospho-MDM2 and total MDM2 protein levels, but slightly increased the phospho-p53 and total p53 protein levels, whereas TPL （5-40 nmol/L） dose- dependently enhanced p53 activation without affecting MDM2 levels. Co-treatment with BILBO21 and TPL showed synergic inhibition on Molt-4 cell growth. The co-treatment disrupted p53-MDM2 balance, thus markedly enhanced p53 activation. In addition, the co-treatment increased the expression of Bak and Bim, followed by increased activation of caspase-9. Conclusion： The combination of BILBO21 and TPL may provide a novel strategy for treating T-ALL by overcoming multiple mechanisms of apoptosis resistance.     

Stereoselective binding of doxazosin enantiomers to plasma proteins from rats,dogs and humans in vitro

Aim： （＋）Doxazosin is a long-lasting inhibitor of a1-adrenoceptors that is widely used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms. In this study we investigated the stereoselective binding of doxazosin enantiomers to the plasma proteins of rats, dogs and humans in vitro. Methods： Human, dog and rat plasma were prepared. Equilibrium dialysis was used to determine the plasma protein binding of each enantiomer in vitro. Chiral HPLC with fluorescence detection was used to measure the drug concentrations on each side of the dialysis membrane bag. Results： Both the enantiomers were highly bound to the plasma proteins of rats, dogs and humans [（-）doxazosin： 89.4%-94.3%; （＋）doxazosin： 90.9%-95.4%]. （＋）Doxazosin exhibited significantly higher protein binding capacities than （-）doxazosin in all the three species, and the difference in the bound concentration （Cb） between the two enantiomers was enhanced as their concentrations were increased. Although the percentage of the plasma protein binding in the dog plasma was significantly lower than that in the human plasma at 400 and 800 ng/mL, the corrected percentage of plasma protein binding was dog〉human〉rat. Conclusion： （-）Doxazosin and （＋）doxazosin show stereoselective plasma protein binding with a significant species difference among rats, dogs and humans.     

美国与欧洲上市后药品安全风险管理进展概述

近10年来,美国食品药品管理局（FDA）、欧洲药品管理局（EMA）及其他相关单位,对上市后药品安全性监测日益重视,在这一领域取得了显著进展,并且制定了一系列新规定。     

Sodium hydrosulfide alleviates lung inflammation and cell apoptosis following resuscitated hemorrhagic shock in rats

Aim： To investigate the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） against inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in a rat model of resuscitated hemorrhagic shock. Methods： Hemorrhagic shock was induced in adult male SD rats by drawing blood from the femoral artery for 10 min. The mean arterial pressure was maintained at 35-40 mmHg for 1.5 h. After resuscitation the animals were observed for 200 min, and then killed. The lungs were harvested and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was prepared. The levels of relevant proteins were examined using Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. NariS （28 pmol/kg, ip） was injected before the resuscitation. Results： Resuscitated hemorrhagic shock induced lung inflammatory responses and significantly increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-a, and HMGB1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, resuscitated hemorrhagic shock caused marked oxidative stress in lung tissue as shown by significant increases in the production of reactive oxygen species H202 and OH, the translocation of Nrf2, an important regulator of antioxidant expression, into nucleus, and the decrease of thioredoxin I expression. Moreover, resuscitated hemorrhagic shock markedly increased the expression of death receptor Fas and Fas-ligand and the number apoptotic cells in lung tissue, as well as the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins FADD, active-caspase 3, active-caspase 8, Bax, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. Injection with NariS significantly attenuated these pathophysiological abnormalities induced by the resuscitated hemorrhagic shock. Conclusion： NariS administration protects rat lungs against inflammatory responses induced by resuscitated hemorrhagic shock via suppressing oxidative stress and the Fas/FasL apoptotic signaling pathway.     

人参北芪片的质量控制研究

目的建立人参北芪片的质量标准,控制制剂的质量。方法采用薄层色谱法对制剂中组成药味人参进行鉴别,采用HPLC-蒸发光散射检测法测定制剂中的黄芪甲苷,并进行方法学考察。结果人参的薄层鉴别中,斑点清晰,阴性无干扰。黄芪甲苷在0.9976～14.9640μg与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为98.06%,RSD为1.60%。结论建立的薄层色谱和高效液相色谱定性、定量方法可以用来控制人参北芪片的质量,方法简便可行。     

Molecular modeling,quantum polarized ligand docking and structure-based 3D-QSAR analysis of the imidazole series as dual AT~ and ETA receptor antagonists

Aim： Both endothelin ETA receptor antagonists and angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. A dual AT1 and ETA receptor antagonist may be more efficacious antihypertensive drug. In this study we identified the mode and mechanism of binding of imidazole series of compounds as dual AT1 and ETA receptor antagonists. Methods： Molecular modeling approach combining quantum-polarized ligand docking （QPLD）, MM/GBSA free-energy calculation and 3D-QSAR analysis was used to evaluate 24 compounds as dual AT1 and ETA receptor antagonists and to reveal their binding modes and structural basis of the inhibitory activity. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening and docking studies were performed to identify more potent dual antagonists. Results： 3D-QSAR models of the imidazole compounds were developed from the conformer generated by QPLD, and the resulting models showed a good correlation between the predicted and experimental activity. The visualization of the 3D-QSAR model in the context of the compounds under study revealed the details of the structure-activity relationship： substitution of methoxymethyl and cyclooctanone might increase the activity against AT~ receptor, while substitution of cyclohexone and trimethylpyrrolidinone was important for the activity against ETA receptor; addition of a trimethylpyrrolidinone to compound 9 significantly reduced its activity against AT~ receptor but significantly increased its activity against ETA receptor, which was likely due to the larger size and higher intensities of the H-bond donor and acceptor regions in the active site of ETA receptor. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening followed by subsequent Glide SP, XP, QPLD and MM/GBSA calculation identified 5 potential lead compounds that might act as dual AT1 and ETA receptor antagonists. Conclusion： This study may provide some insights into the development of novel potent dual ETA and AT1 receptor antagonists. As a result, five compounds are found to be the best dual antagonists against AT1R and ETA receptors.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病并发热个案报道

1 病案介绍 患儿,男,新生儿(30 min),因颜面及全身皮肤青紫30 min于2011年1月11日转入儿科.患儿系第一胎,第一产,足月,因"胎儿宫内窘迫,脐绕颈2圈,羊水Ⅱ度污染"于入院前30 min在我院妇产科剖宫产分娩,胎头取出顺利,胎盘完整,无羊水呛入,生后无自主呼吸及心跳,颜面及全身皮肤青紫,肌张力差,插鼻管尚有反应,经心肺复苏,约3 min后心跳恢复,10 min后建立自主呼吸,但呼吸不规则,继续气囊加压给氧辅助呼吸至30 min,自主呼吸明显好转,皮肤青紫有所缓解,拔除气管插管后,患儿未出现呼吸暂停,急转入儿科治疗.其母孕期健康,无特殊服药史,父亲体健,非近亲婚配,无传染病史,无家族性遗传及代谢病史.