64层CTA对急性非外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的应用价值

目的：用64层螺旋CTA评价急性非外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）病因并选择治疗方法。方法：对68例急性非外伤性SAH患者发病7天内行CTA检查,明确病因,根据CTA结果选择治疗方法并评价疗效。图像处理采用MPVR、MIP及3DVR重建。结果：68例SAH患者均经DSA及外科手术证实。其中45例为动脉瘤破裂所致,1例血管炎,2例动脉硬化,1例夹层动脉瘤,19例动脉无明显异常。68例SAH中64例由CTA做出病因诊断（准确率94．1％、敏感性91．8％、特异性100％、阳性预测值100％、阴性预测值82．6％）。CTA直接显示43例动脉瘤,1例血管炎及1例夹层动脉瘤。43例动脉瘤有42例根据CTA结果选择治疗（97．7％）。其中栓塞29例,有26例（89．7％）栓塞满意。13例行外科手术钳闭。结论：64层CTA能准确评价SAH病因及动脉瘤的特征。对选择治疗方法十分有价值。     

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的CTA与DSA对比研究

目的:探讨64层CTA与DSA对自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage,s-SAH)的应用价值及其限度。方法:收集153例s-SAH患者的CTA及DSA检查资料,回顾性分析2种检查方法的图像质量(采取1³分评分制),并比较2种方法在脑动脉瘤检出方面的灵敏度、特异度及准确度。结果:图像质量评分CTA为(2.63±0.262)分,DSA为(2.73±0.254)分,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CTA对脑动脉瘤的检出的灵敏度为96.2%,特异度为94.9%,准确度为95.9%;DSA灵敏度为97.7%,特异度为97.4%,准确度为97.6%,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在s-SAH患者中,CTA与DSA均能准确检出动脉瘤所致破裂出血。相较于DSA,CTA能多方位显示病变,对血管壁及血管周围情况的显示更具价值。     

64排CT血管成像对自发性蛛网膜下腔出血病因的诊断价值

目的 :探讨64排CT血管成像在自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)病因诊断中的价值。方法 :对81例临床怀疑SAH患者行CTA检查,所得原始图像由2位资深CT医师行VR、MIP、MPR等后处理,以明确病因。结果:CTA证实正常5例,动脉瘤69例,动静脉畸形7例。单个动脉瘤65例,2个动脉瘤4例。动脉瘤分布情况:前交通动脉13个,后交通动脉8个,椎-基底动脉9个,大脑前动脉9个,大脑中动脉21个,大脑后动脉4个,颈内动脉9个。囊状动脉瘤66个,梭形动脉瘤7个。大动脉瘤20个,中等动脉瘤24个,小动脉瘤29个。本组检出动脉瘤及动静脉畸形的敏感度为93.8%,特异度为98.8%。69例动脉瘤中,21例行栓塞术,48例行外科夹闭手术;7例动静脉畸形行手术切除。结论 :64排CT血管成像技术对SAH病因的诊断具有重要的应用价值。     

螺旋CT在外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血诊断中的应用

目的:探讨螺旋CT在外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血诊断中的应用价值。方法:对经临床证实确诊的90例外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血病例的CT征象进行回顾性分析。结果:根据所采集病例具体情况及特点将本组TSAH的CT表现分为三类,其中单纯型蛛网膜下腔出血39例,合并有其他脑外伤的蛛网膜下腔出血40例,合并有脑血管疾病的外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血11例,首次检查确诊者72例,10例需与大脑镰钙化相鉴别,5例需与镰旁硬膜下血肿相鉴别,2例需与正常小脑幕相鉴别,1例首次检查因出血量极少未能检出。结论:螺旋CT扫描在外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的诊断与鉴别诊断及对病情发展的观察中具有十分重要的意义。     

新生儿蛛网膜下腔出血的CT评价

目的探讨新生儿蛛网膜下腔出血的CT影像特征及其临床意义。方法回顾分析79例临床证实、CT资料齐全的新生儿蛛网膜下腔出血患儿的CT特征,所有患儿均在初治疑诊后3～48h内经常规CT扫描。结果 CT扫描证实,79例中镰刀征15例（19.0%）,三角征28例（35.4%）,表现为侧裂池、前后纵裂池高密度影17例（21.5%）,小脑幕增宽19例（24.1%）。结论新生儿蛛网膜下腔出血CT表现具有特征性,有助于判定病情严重程度,预测患儿预后,以及指导临床治疗。     

MSCTA与DSA对蛛网膜下腔出血病因的诊断

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT三维血管成像(3DMSCTA)作为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血首选病因诊断方法的临床价值。方法:回顾搜集了2002年1月至2005年3月自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者71例,均行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查和多层螺旋CT血管造影检查,比较二种影像学方法的优缺点。结果:71例中,DSA发现动脉瘤58例,其中发生在颈内动脉床突上段3例,前交通支20例,大脑前动脉2例,后交通支23例,基底动脉5例,大脑中动脉主干侧裂分叉部3例,多发小动脉瘤2例;动静脉畸形6例;动静脉畸形合并动脉瘤3例;静脉性血管异常2例;阴性2例。3DMSCTA检出大小动脉瘤61个,显示瘤体、瘤颈、载瘤动脉和与周围血管及颅骨的关系清晰、确切。显示畸形血管团的部位大小,供血动脉来源,引流静脉的分支情况,空间立体结构清晰。71例DSA检查者,CTA诊断符合者67例;2例MSCTA发现动脉瘤,DSA检查阴性;MSCTA漏诊2例;2例经CT平扫显示有蛛网膜下腔出血,而MSCTA与DSA均无阳性发现。所有患者中29例行血管内栓塞治疗,手术治疗35例,内科保守治疗7例。结论:3DMSCTA检查诊断蛛网膜下腔出血性疾病的敏感性高,是一种安全、无创、简便、快速、准确的诊断方法。     

CTA对急性期动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的病因诊断

目的探讨CT血管造影(CTA)对于急性期动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的病因学诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经CT平扫及腰穿明确诊断的自发性SAH38例患者资料,在SAH急性期(3～10天)做CTA并与数字减影血管造影(DSA)全脑动脉造影检查比较。结果38例患者中MSCTA发现动脉瘤32例,显示瘤体、瘤颈、载瘤动脉和与周围血管及颅骨的关系清晰、确切。对动脉瘤的检出敏感性为96.97%,特异性为100%。结论MSCTA是简单、快速、无创、安全、可靠的脑血管成像技术,在一定程度上可替代DSA检查,可作为SAH急性期患者病因诊断的首选筛查方法。     

高敏感SWAN序列诊断自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的价值

目的 :探讨SWAN序列对自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)及合并脑室内积血(intraventricular hemorrhage,IVH)的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析自发性SAH患者32例,均行CT平扫及MRI T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR、SWAN、DWI检查,分析CT平扫与MRI各序列对各期SAH和IVH的检出率。结果:1急性期:CT平扫、FLAIR序列、SWAN对SAH的诊断敏感度均较高,三者差异无统计学意义,但与MRI其他序列相比,差异有统计学意义(P=0.031)。2亚急性期:T1WI、FLAIR、SWAN对SAH的诊断敏感度优于CT和MR其他序列,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3慢性期:MRI各序列对于SAH的诊断敏感度均明显优于CT,尤其是SWAN序列(P=0.008)。4对SAH合并IVH的检出,急性期CT与SWAN、DWI(b=0 s/mm~2)的检出能力相当,较MRI其他序列强;且亚急性期和慢性期SWAN、DWI(b=0 s/mm~2)的检出能力明显优于CT。结论:SWAN序列对各期SAH的诊断敏感度较CT及MRI其它序列有优势,SWAN、DWI(b=0 s/mm~2)对于SAH合并IVH的检出也有优势,SWAN是目前检出少量SAH及IVH最好的检查方法。     

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血CT分型与再出血危险性关系分析

目的:研究自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)CT分型与再出血危险性的关系。方法:回顾性分析1994年12月～2008年7月经CT检查并在我院治疗的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血981例的临床和CT资料。结果:SAH再出血临床常见诱因为:用力排便、大声说话或与人争吵、情绪激动、打喷嚏及用力咳嗽等。按出血浓聚部位的不同,SAH初次出血CT表现可分为脑底池型(516例)、侧裂池型(341例)、脑沟裂型(59例)、血肿型(65例)。再出血251例(25.6%),其中3次出血39例,4次出血6例。脑底池型再出血率(28.3%,146/516)较脑沟裂型(7%,4/59)或血肿型(10.8%,7/65)高(P<0.01),而与侧裂池型(27.6%,94/341)再出血率无显著性差异(P>0.01);侧裂池型再出血率较脑沟裂型或血肿型高(P<0.01);而脑沟裂型与血肿型再出血率无显著性差异(P>0.01,组间多重比较取α=0.05得α′=0.01)。结论:脑底池型及侧裂池型蛛网膜下腔出血再出血率较高,分析初次出血的不同分型,可帮助临床估计患者的再出血危险性大小,在治疗康复过程中应严格避免再出血的诱因并积极使用抗纤溶药物。     

MSCT同步减影技术在自发性蛛网膜下腔出血病因诊断中的价值

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT同步减影技术(synchronous subtraction CTA,SSCTA)在不明原因自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)病因诊断中的应用价值.方法 对35例不明原因的自发性SAH患者行64排螺旋CT同步减影检查,用VR和MIP技术对减影后图像进行三维血管成像.结果 SSCTA可以完全去除颅底复杂的骨结构干扰,得到较高质量的CTA图像.本组35例患者经SSCTA检查共发现28例动脉瘤,3例动静脉畸形,阴性4例.28例患者共检出动脉瘤32个,其中4例多发;动静脉畸形3例,其中1例伴有小脑上后动脉起始段瘤.所有患者检查过程均无并发症发生.结论 SSCTA对自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的病因诊断准确性高.     

Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with low-to-intermediate risk

PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (MSCT-CA) for detecting significant stenosis (>or=50% lumen reduction) in a population of patients at low to intermediate risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 72 patients (38 men, 34 women, mean age 53.9+/-8.0 years) with atypical or typical chest pain and stratified in the low-to intermediate risk category. MSCT-CA (Sensation 64 Cardiac, Siemens, Germany) was performed after IV administration of 100 ml of iodinated contrast material (Iomeprol 400 mgI/ml, Bracco, Italy). Two observers, blinded to the results of conventional coronary angiography (CAG), assessed the MSCT-CA scans in consensus. Diagnostic accuracy for detecting significant stenosis was calculated. RESULTS: CAG demonstrated the absence of significant disease in 70.1% of patients (51/72). No patient was excluded from MSCT-CA. There were 37 significant lesions on 1,098 available coronary segments. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value of MSCT-CA for detecting significant coronary artery on a per-segment basis were 100%, 98.6%, 71.2% and 100%, respectively. All patients with at least one significant lesion were correctly identified by MSCT-CA. MSCT-CA scored 15 false positives on a per-segment base, which affected only marginally the per-patient performance (only one false positive). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that 64-slice CT-CA is a diagnostic modality with high sensitivity and negative predictive value in patients at low to intermediate risk.     

Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with a zero calcium score

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice CT coronary angiography (CT-CA) for the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis in patients with zero on the Agatston Calcium Score (CACS). We enrolled 279 consecutive patients (96 male, mean age 48?±?12 years) with suspected coronary artery disease. Patients were symptomatic (n?=?208) or asymptomatic (n?=?71), and underwent conventional coronary angiography (CAG). For CT-CA we administered an IV bolus of 100 ml of iodinated contrast material. CT-CA was compared to CAG using a threshold for significant stenosis of ≥50%. The prevalence of disease demonstrated at CAG was 15% (1.4% in asymptomatic). The population at CAG showed no or non-significant disease in 85% (238/279), single vessel disease in 9% (25/279), and multi-vessel disease in 6% (16/279). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CT-CA vs. CAG on the patient level were 100%, 95%, 76%, and 100% in the overall population and 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% in asymptomatic patients, respectively. CT-CA proves high diagnostic performance in patients with or without symptoms and with zero CACS. The prevalence of significant disease detected by CT-CA was not negligible in asymptomatic patients. The role of CT-CA in asymptomatic patients remains uncertain.     

Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac computed tomography angiography for myocardial infarction

AIM:To investigate diagnostic accuracy of high,low and mixed voltage dual energy computed tomography(DECT) for detection of prior myocardial infarction(MI).METHODS:Twenty-four consecutive patients(88% male,mean age 65 ± 11 years old) with clinically documented prior MI(> 6 mo) were prospectively recruited to undergo late phase DECT for characterization of their MI.Computed tomography(CT) examinations were performed using a dual source CT system(64-slice Definition or 128-slice Definition FLASH,Siemens Healthcare) with initial first pass and 10 min late phase image acquisitions.Using the 17-segment model,regional systolic function was analyzed using first pass CT as normal or abnormal(hypokinetic,akinetic,dyskinetic).Regions with abnormal systolic function were identified as infarct segments.Late phase DE scans were reconstructed into:140 kVp,100 kVp,mixed(120 kVp) images and iodine-only datasets.Using the same 17-segment model,each dataset was evaluated for possible(grade 2) or definite(grade 3) late phase myocardial enhancement abnormalities.Logistic regression for correlated data was used to compare reconstructions in terms of the accuracy for detecting infarct segments using late myocardial hyperenhancement scores.RESULTS:All patients reported prior history of documented myocardial infarction,with most occurring more than 5 years prior(n = 18;75% of cohort).Fiftyfive of 408(13%) segments demonstrated abnormal wall motion and were classified as infarct.The remaining 353 segments were classified as non-infarcted segments.A total of 1692 segments were analyzed for late phase enhancement abnormalities,with 91(5.5%) segments not interpretable due to artifact.Combined grades 2 and 3 compared to grade 3 only enhancement abnormalities demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity and similar specificity for detection of infarct segments for all reconstructions evaluated.Evaluation of different voltage acquisitions demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance for the 100 kVp reconstruction which had higher diagnostic accuracy(87%;95%CI:80%-90%),sensitivity(86%-93%;95%CI:54%-78%) and specificity(90%;95%CI:86%-93%) compared to the other reconstructions.For sensitivity,there were significant differences noted between 100 kVp vs 140 kVp(P<0.0005),100 kVp vs mixed(P<0.0001),and 100 kVp vs iodine only(P<0.005) using combined grade 2 and grade 3 perfusion abnormalities.For specificity,there were significant differences noted between 100 kVp vs 140 kVp(P<0.005),and 100 kVp vs mixed(P<0.01) using combined grades 2 and 3 perfusion abnormalities.CONCLUSION:Low voltage acquisition CT,100 kVp in this study,demonstrates superior diagnostic performance when compared to higher and mixed voltage acquisitions for detection of prior MI.     

Diagnostic performance of multidetector computed tomography for detecting aorto-ostial lesions compared with catheter coronary angiography: multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography is superior to catheter angiography in detection of aorto-ostial lesions

PURPOSE: In this study, our goal is to determine the use of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in detection of aorto-ostial lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients suspected to have aorto-ostial lesion by either catheter angiography (CA) or MDCT coronary angiography comprised our study population. In 19 patients (group 1), aorto-ostial lesion was suspected based on CA, then MDCT coronary angiography was performed. In the remaining 14 patients (group 2), aorto-ostial lesion diagnosis was made by MDCT coronary angiography, and then afterward, CA was performed. A cardiologist and a radiologist reevaluated both the CA and MDCT coronary angiography recordings of all patients and their consensus formed the diagnosis. We accepted this consensus diagnosis as our criterion standard because a universal criterion standard to compare CA and MDCT findings with is not available. Then, the previous diagnoses by CA and MDCT coronary angiography were compared with the consensus diagnoses. RESULTS: Finally, 26 patients were diagnosed with aorto-ostial lesion, whereas 5 patients were found not to have aorto-ostial lesions. Two patients were diagnosed with abnormal origination of a coronary artery. When the results were evaluated in terms of the presence of aorto-ostial lesion, MDCT coronary angiography correctly diagnosed all 26 patients, and in the 5 patients with normal ostium, MDCT coronary angiography finding was also normal. However, 7 of 26 patients with aorto-ostial lesion were reported to be normal by CA, and also 5 patients with normal ostia were reported to have aorto-ostial lesion by CA. That is, 12 of 33 patients were misdiagnosed by CA. Moreover, CA missed the abnormal origination of the coronary arteries in 2 patients. When the results were evaluated in terms of the degree of stenosis in 26 patients with aorto-ostial lesion; MDCT coronary angiography predicted the final diagnosis in all 26 patients correctly. However, CA predicted the final degree of stenosis only in 12 patients. Catheter angiography underestimated the degree of the stenosis in 2 patients, overestimated in 5 patients and missed the lesion in 7 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that MDCT is a reliable tool for diagnosing the presence and severity of aorto-ostial lesions. In addition, MDCT might be useful in preventing the false diagnosis due to the catheter-induced spasms in patients who were diagnosed with aorto-ostial lesion by CA. Moreover, if MDCT coronary angiography detects a lesion in aorto-ostial region, there is no need to perform CA to merely verify this pathology.     

Computed tomography angiography findings predictive of post-intervention vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective:To evaluate the association of CT/CT angiography (CTA) findings and clinical characteristics with subsequent vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).Methods-:Consecutive presentation CTA head exams in patients with aSAH between January 2005 and June 2015 were retrospectively evaluated for intracranial arterial calcification, undulation and non-calcified stenosis. Additional variables including modified Fisher Scale (mFS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and neurological exam status were reviewed. Associations of CTA findings with the incidence of angiographic vasospasm were assessed with multivariate logistic regression models using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator machine-learning algorithm. Model performance was summarized using c-index with bootstrap optimism-adjustment.ResultsIntracranial arterial calcification, seen in 51.7% of 195 total patients, was protective against vasospasm (OR-0.6; 95% CI-0.52–0.67; p = 0.009), while arterial undulation (24%) was associated with subsequent vasospasm (OR-2.6; 95% CI-1.3–5.1; p = 0.007). Non-calcified intracranial arterial stenosis (5%) was associated with subsequent vasospasm, (OR-4.7; 95% CI-1.0–22.8; p = 0.054). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator selected all three CTA findings as predictors in a multivariate model for vasospasm in addition to clinical factors, which demonstrated superior predictive performance (c-index-0.74; 95% CI-0.69–0.82) compared to a model based on mFS and clinical factors only (c-index-0.66; 95% CI-0.57–0.75; p = 0.010 for the difference).Conclusion:Presentation CTA findings combined with clinical factors may better predict the development of vasospasm in patients with aSAH compared to current prognostic models alone.Advances in knowledge:The combination of initial CT/CTA and clinical findings better predict development of vasospasm after aSAH. This can lead to better markers for use in future clinical trials to develop vasospasm preventative treatments and potentially provide better targets for early aggressive treatment.     

Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography angiography in detection of post traumatic renal vascular injury

Objectives

To evaluate accuracy of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in evaluation of post traumatic renal vascular injury.

Diagnostic accuracy of second-generation dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography with iterative reconstructions: a real-world experience

Purpose

The authors evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of second-generation dual-source (DSCT) computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) with iterative reconstructions for detecting obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials and methods

Between June 2010 and February 2011, we enrolled 160 patients (85 men; mean age 61.2±11.6 years) with suspected CAD. All patients underwent CTCA and conventional coronary angiography (CCA). For the CTCA scan (Definition Flash, Siemens), we use prospective tube current modulation and 70-100 ml of iodinated contrast material (Iomeprol 400 mgI/ ml, Bracco). Data sets were reconstructed with iterative reconstruction algorithm (IRIS, Siemens). CTCA and CCA reports were used to evaluate accuracy using the threshold for significant stenosis at ??50% and ??70%, respectively.

Results

No patient was excluded from the analysis. Heart rate was 64.3±11.9 bpm and radiation dose was 7.2±2.1 mSv. Disease prevalence was 30% (48/160). Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of CTCA in detecting significant stenosis were 90.1%, 93.3%, 53.2% and 99.1% (per segment), 97.5%, 91.2%, 61.4% and 99.6% (per vessel) and 100%, 83%, 71.6% and 100% (per patient), respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios at the per-patient level were 5.89 and 0.0, respectively.

Conclusions

CTCA with second-generation DSCT in the real clinical world shows a diagnostic performance comparable with previously reported validation studies. The excellent negative predictive value and likelihood ratio make CTCA a first-line noninvasive method for diagnosing obstructive CAD.     

Coronary computed tomography angiography using 128-slice dual-source computed tomography in patients with severe calcification

Purpose

To compare coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and coronary angiography (CAG) with regard to luminal graphic definition of calcified segments using 128-slice dual-source computed tomography (DSCT), specifically for patients with an Agatston score >400.

Materials and methods

Of 1148 consecutive patients who underwent coronary CTA using a 128-slice DSCT, 132 subjects had severe calcification with an Agatston score >400. Thirty-nine of the 132 patients who had undergone CAG within 3 months before or after coronary CTA were included. We investigated the distribution of calcification, and we visually evaluated significant stenosis in the calcified and all segments. Results were compared with CAG.

Results

The target group in this study had a very high mean Agatston score of 1771 ± 1724. Results for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 247 calcified vs all 325 segments were as follows: sensitivity 93.2 vs 92.2%, specificity 83.9 vs 87.5%, PPV 70.8 vs 69.6%, and NPV 96.7 vs 97.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

128-slice DSCT has potential for evaluation of calcified segments in the lumen, even in patients whose Agatston score exceeds 400.