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1.
水厂源水与出厂水肠道病毒污染状况研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本研究采用NaCl·AlCl3·6H2O沉淀法浓集病毒,细胞接触法接种标本。从6份水厂出厂水中分离到1株PVI(脊髓灰质炎病毒I型),1株肠道病毒(EV);8份源水分离到PVI3株,PVⅢ1株,EV2株。表明源水和自来水中均有病毒污染。所分离的PV经RT-PCR和T特征试验,为疫苗相关株。鉴于自来水中EV的存在,为保证饮水安全,对病毒应作常规监测。  相似文献   

2.
以Alcl3-滤膜洗脱法、Al2(SO4)3-滤膜洗脱法及Alcl3沉淀法浓缩实验性污染水样中的病毒,并以单层细胞病变法检测病毒,3法的病毒平均回收率分别为36.43%、50.53%和21.82%,并以第二法和第三法检测黄浦江水中的病毒,40价水样有8份检测出CoxB5病毒、ECHO4和ECHO12病毒共9株,文中叙述了所用方法的优点。  相似文献   

3.
目的:探索灵敏、简便、实用的检测水样中微量脊髓灰质炎病毒(脊灰病毒)的方法。方法:将L20B细胞加入含微量脊灰病毒的水样中,充分作用后收集细胞,作病毒分离培养,并以NaCl-AlCl3沉淀法作对照。结果:应用活的L20B细胞时,1 000 ml水样中含病毒100TCID50、10TCID50时能全部检出;当含1~2TCID50时14份样本可检出13份。NaCl-AlCl3沉淀法在100TCID50时4份样本中仅检出1份,其他各浓度的4份样未能检出;应用固相化的L20B细胞处理污水时,2~3×106个细胞,甲醛固定4 h和48 h以上的细胞吸附的病毒量,均值都是18.1TCID50,用细胞吸附浓集法,在40份自然水样中,10份检出脊灰病毒,而NaCl-AlCl3沉淀法未能检出脊灰病毒。结论:应用活细胞吸附时敏感度达到1~2TCID50/1 000ml;应用甲醛固定的细胞吸附污水中病毒时敏感度可达到10 TCID50/1 000ml。  相似文献   

4.
为探讨深圳蛇口工业区生活饮用水受污染情况,本文对铁岗源水、西丽源水、管网水和排出口水进行8 种常见化学污染物检测,并采用Ames 试验、蚕豆根尖微核试验和紫露草微核试验检测水样的遗传毒性。结果Ag 、Se 、Hg 、CCl4 、CHCl3 、C6H6Cl6 、DDT、B(a)P 的浓度均低于生活饮用水卫生标准规定的水平;四个样品的蚕豆根尖微核率分别为4-00 ‰、3-33 ‰、3-67 ‰、2-50 ‰,紫露草微核率为1-55 % 、1-33 % 、1-10 % 、1-30 % ,两者与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性;且Ames 试验均呈现阴性。表明该地区生活饮用水未受明显的致突变物污染,可以安全饮用  相似文献   

5.
报道了新显色剂4—硝基—(3—氯—4—硝基苯基)重氮氨基偶氮苯(3,4—CNDAAN)在Tri-tonX—100存在下于pH9.0的HCl—Na2B4O7缓冲介质中测定了人发样中的微量铜。本法具有很高的灵敏度和较好的选择性,表观摩尔吸光系数为ε524=1.21×105L/mol-1.cm-1。铜含量在0~10.0μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律。  相似文献   

6.
火焰原子吸收分析对于Zn的测定具有较高的灵敏度,方法较成熟,稳定可靠,干扰较少。但是,在水质分析中偶尔可见水样中一些共存离子的干扰。本文对水样中Cl-NO3-SO42- CO3HCO3-PO43-H2PO43-H2PO4-SiO32-等负离子进行研究,试图探讨它们对Zn测定的影响。1实验部分1.1仪器及工作条件 Varian- Spectr AA- 600原子吸收光谱仪、EPSON LQ- 100打印机、Varian Zn HCl.波长 213.8nm狭缝 0.7nm、D2灯扣背景、Air-C22。火焰、…  相似文献   

7.
采用VA-90气态原子化装置与WFX-1D原子吸收分光光度计联用测定饮料中铅,采用HCl-NaBH4-K3Fe(CN)6体系,经L9(34)正交试验选择最佳实验条件为:NaBH420g/L,K3Fe(CN)6100g/L,HCl1.5ml,氩气流量为0.8L/min。在0~100μg/L范围内,相关系数r=0.9996,回收率为94.1%~107.5%,R·S·D%=3.3~5.2特征浓度和检出限分别为1.29μg/L/1%和0.049μg/L。干扰试验表明,Sn、Hg、Cr、Cu、Mn在500μg/L以下,Zn、As、Fe、Ni、Ag在1000μg/L以下,不干扰测定  相似文献   

8.
酚二磺酸法测定硝酸盐氮的改进朱岩1张美云1马严2NO-3-N的传统测定方法为水样水浴蒸干,再加入酚二磺酸发生硝化反应,然后加入浓氨水显色[1]。水样中若Cl-浓度在10mg/L以上时,影响测定结果。可加入Ag2SO4生成AgCl↓,过滤去除Cl-,在...  相似文献   

9.
细胞吸附浓集法分离外环境水中脊髓灰质炎病毒   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 建立一种用于检测外环境水中脊髓灰质炎病毒的方法。方法 细胞吸附浓集法:将自然沉清的水样抗菌、等渗处理后,加入适量的L20B细胞,混匀,充分吸收水中的脊髓灰质炎病毒,然后收集细胞培养、分离病毒。同时用AlCl3-NaCl沉淀法浓集病毒,接种L20B细胞分离病毒,作为对照。结果 40份水样,用L20B细胞吸附法检出10株脊髓灰质炎病毒,用AlCl3-NaCl沉淀法未检出脊髓灰质炎病毒。结论 新建立的细胞吸附浓集法可用于外环境水中的脊髓灰质炎病毒的检测,且检测的敏感性明显高于AlCl3-NaCl沉淀法。  相似文献   

10.
维生素A缺乏对大鼠细胞免疫功能的影响   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
马轶凡  陈荣华 《营养学报》1998,20(2):142-146
方法:初断乳SD大鼠24只,均分为严重VA缺乏(A)、轻度VA缺乏(B)和正常对照(C)三组,饲含VA0、400、600IU/kg饲料8周,测定大鼠外周血淋巴细胞转化、T细胞亚群及单个核细胞IL-2,TNF-α变化。结果:重度VA缺乏会导致大鼠胸腺和脾脏的萎缩,CD3、CD4亚群减少,CD4/CD8下降,淋巴细胞转化受抑,单个核细胞分泌IL-2、TNF-α明显减少;轻度VA缺乏时,虽无明显临床表现,但CD4、CD4/CD8有所降低,IL-2及TNF-α亦分泌减少。结论:轻度VA缺乏和严重VA缺乏均会使细胞免疫功能受损,需引起重视  相似文献   

11.
The incidence of Legionella in warm water systems of Sachsen-(Saxony-)Anhalt was investigated. The Legionella were isolated from water samples using plate cultures followed by serotyping methods. In high-risk areas of Legionella infections such as hospitals and homes for the aged, 48% respectively 43% of the samples were positive. Warm water systems of 61% of the hospitals and 43% of homes for aged people were found to be contaminated with Legionella. The number of Legionella were most frequently (50.7%) between 10 and 100 colony-forming units/ml (cfu/ml). High-level Legionella contamination (> 1000 cfu/ml) were detected only in 0.6% of the samples. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (L.p. SG 1) was identified rarely. The reasons for positive Legionella findings are old drinking water heating systems and conduits. To decrease Legionella growth, reconstruction of the old systems according to the recommendations [1, 2] is imperative.  相似文献   

12.
目的通过公共场所及家庭居室等环境空气微生物调查,提出坑道空气真菌平时限值指标,为启用坑道时采取预防措施提供依据。方法用撞击法和沉降法对不同场所空气中细菌总数及真菌进行监测。撞击法用JWL-ⅡB新型微生物固体撞击式空气微生物监测仪,高度1m,采样1min。沉降法暴皿5min。监测面积≤30m。取3个点,≥30m。取5个点。用N962风速温湿度计监测微小气候。结果11个不同场所空气中细菌总数撞击法平均2062 CFU/m^3,沉降法平均21.7 CFU/Ⅲ;真菌数撞击法平均479 CFU/m^3,沉降法平均5.0 CFU/Ⅲ。细菌与真菌比值,撞击法4.3:1(2.8~6.8:1),沉降法4.3:1(2.2~8.4:1)。结论根据不同场所空气中真菌监测结果、细菌与真菌比值关系及综合分析,建议坑道内平时空气真菌限值撞击法为≤1000 CFU/m^3,沉降法为≤10 CFU/Ⅲ。  相似文献   

13.
目的探索并建立检测水处理剂聚氯化铝中砷的原子荧光分析方法。方法以湿式消化法对水处理剂聚氯化铝进行消解预处理,以原子荧光法对水处理剂聚氯化铝中的砷进行检测,然后对方法的标准曲线相关系数以及方法的精密度和准确度进行分析。结果砷浓度在0—50.0ug/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r〉0.999,方法最低检出浓度为0.018ug/g(以取1g聚氯化铝样品进行消解,消化处理后定容至50ml分析算),样品加标回收率为94.1%~104.8%,相对标准偏差〈5%。结论水处理剂聚氯化铝中砷的检测,样品经湿式消化预处理后,以原子荧光法进行检测,所得结果满足检测的要求。  相似文献   

14.
目的了解西双版纳州1~15岁健康儿童脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)、百日咳、白喉、破伤风、麻疹、乙型肝炎(乙肝)抗体水平,评价免疫接种效果,为制定免疫方案和接种质量监测提供依据。方法用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测脊灰IgG、百日咳IgG、白喉IgG、破伤风IgG、麻疹IgG和乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)。结果共检测159份血清标本,麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为97.48%,脊灰IgG抗体阳性率为96.86%,百日咳IgG抗体阳性率为为96.86%,破伤风IgG抗体阳性率为91.19%,白喉IgG抗体阳性率为为59.12%,HBsAb阳性率为58.49%。结论西双版纳州1~15岁健康儿童的麻疹、脊灰、百日咳、破伤风具有较高的免疫水平,已达到卫生部规定的目标(85%),白喉和乙肝的抗体水平较低。应加强白喉和乙肝的免疫接种质量,提高免疫水平。  相似文献   

15.
A most probable number (MPN) method capable of estimating as few as ten campylobacters per 100 ml of water is described. The method gave results close to those obtained by the viable count method of Miles, Misra & Irwin (1938) with graded suspensions of Campylobacter jejuni. The method was used to test raw water samples: counts were obtained ranging from 10 to 230 campylobacters per 100 ml for 11 49 coastal and estuary water samples, and from 10 to 36 campylobacters per 100 ml for 7 of 44 river samples. Campylobacters were isolated from an additional 24 of the 'negative' samples by testing 200 ml volumes by glass microfibre filtration and enrichment culture methods. The MPN method should prove to be a useful epidemiological tool particularly suited to the enumeration of campylobacters in particulate fluids.  相似文献   

16.
We evaluated the new Legionella pneumophila antigen detection assay Binax Equate for quantitative determination of legionellae in potable water samples. Seventy-seven water samples from different sources were investigated by Binax Equate and quantitative culture. Our culture assay is able to detect 20 to 40 cfu per 100 ml water. The rates of detection of legionellae were 1% (1 of 77) for the antigen detection assay and 25% (19 of 77) by culture. We were able to detect antigen in one water sample with 28 cfu per ml L. pneumophila serogroup 1. In in-vitro experiments the antigen assay had a sensitivity of about 333 cfu per ml when the bacteria were added directly to the test tubes and about 1000 cfu per ml when a simulated water sample was investigated. None of the water samples positive for L. pneumophila serogroup 2 to 14 was positive in the Binax Equate. The new antigen assay proved to be a valuable tool for investigating heavy L. pneumophila Serogroup 1 contamination in potable water systems but lacks sufficient sensitivity to be used in the surveillance of water supplies.  相似文献   

17.
A most probable number (MPN) method capable of estimating as few as ten campylobacters per 100 ml of water is described. The method gave results close to those obtained by the viable count method of Miles, Misra & Irwin (1938) with graded suspensions of Campylobacter jejuni. The method was used to test raw water samples: counts were obtained ranging from 10 to 230 campylobacters per 100 ml for 11 49 coastal and estuary water samples, and from 10 to 36 campylobacters per 100 ml for 7 of 44 river samples. Campylobacters were isolated from an additional 24 of the ''negative'' samples by testing 200 ml volumes by glass microfibre filtration and enrichment culture methods. The MPN method should prove to be a useful epidemiological tool particularly suited to the enumeration of campylobacters in particulate fluids.  相似文献   

18.
Limited information is available on the prevalence of waterborne pathogens in aquatic environments in developing countries. In this study, water samples were collected from nine shallow wells and a river in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, during the rainy season in 2009 and were subjected to detection of waterborne protozoa, viruses and coliphages using a recently developed method for simultaneous concentration of protozoa and viruses in water. Escherichia coli and total coliforms were also tested as indicator bacteria. At least one type of the five pathogens tested (Cryptosporidium, Giardia, human adenoviruses, and noroviruses of genogroups I and II) was detected in five groundwater samples (56%) (1000 ml each) from shallow wells. Compared with groundwater samples, the pathogens were more abundant in the river water sample (100 ml); the concentrations of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were 140 oocysts/l and 8500 cysts/l, respectively, and the mean threshold cycle (Ct) values in real-time RT-PCR were 34.3, 36.8 and 34.0 for human adenoviruses and noroviruses of genogroups I and II, respectively. Genotyping of F-RNA coliphages by real-time RT-PCR was successfully used to differentiate human and animal faecal contamination in the samples. Moreover, for the groundwater samples, protozoa and viruses were detected only in E. coli-positive samples, suggesting that E. coli may be an appropriate indicator of pathogen contamination of valley groundwater.  相似文献   

19.
龚燕 《职业与健康》2009,25(2):151-152
目的建立4-氯去氢甲基睾酮片剂中4-氯去氢甲基睾酮的含量测定方法。方法用反相高效液相色谱法测定。色谱柱为Gemini5μmC18柱,以甲醇:水(60:40)为流动相,流速为1ml/min,柱温30℃,检测波长254nm,进样量20μl。结果4.氯去氢甲基睾酮在0.01-0.80mg/ml范围内线性关系良好(0.9999),平均回收率为94.97%。结论方法简便准确,线性范围宽,重现性好,适用于该片剂的4-氯去氢甲基睾酮含量测定。  相似文献   

20.
A pilot study on environmental surveillance of poliovirus included one hundred ninety-six samples (drinking water, surface water, seawater and sewage), collected between 1996 and 1998 in different regions of Italy. Samples were screened for the presence of poliovirus and other enteric viruses. Twelve polioviruses, 35 non polio enteroviruses (NPE) and 51 enteric non entero (NE) viruses were isolated. All poliovirus isolates, namely four type 1, four type 2 and four type 3, were characterised as Sabin-like strains. Thirty-one Coxsackie B and 4 Echo viruses were also detected. The presence of Sabin-like polioviruses in the environment is not unexpected since immunization with only oral poliovirus vaccine was performed in Italy until May 1999, when a sequential schedule consisting of two doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and two of oral polio vaccine (OPV) was adopted; in July 2002 a schedule consisting of four doses of IPV was adopted. Although this is only a pilot study and the number of samples analysed is limited, so far data from this study so far supports once again evidence of lack of circulating wild poliovirus and is in line with results from AFP surveillance in Italy and stool survey on healthy children.  相似文献   

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