自体腘绳肌双束重建膝前交叉韧带21例

背景:传统的前交叉韧带重建为单束重建,不能改善膝关节的旋转不稳定性和本体感觉.目的:观察关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌腱双束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效.方法:选择前交叉韧带损伤患者,重建前磁共振检查均报道有前交叉韧带损伤.采用自体腘绳肌双束4隧道重建前交叉韧带.结果与结论:前交叉韧带重建后随访≥3个月.KT-2000测量结果显示重建后双侧膝关节前向松弛度差较重建前减小 (P < 0.05),Lachman 试验检测结果显示重建后Lachman 试验和轴移试验阳性率下降(P < 0.05).国际膝关节功能评分分级评定结果显示,21 例患者恢复至伤前运动水平(P < 0.01),结果证实,采用自体腘绳肌腱双束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效较好.     

自体腘绳肌双束重建膝前交叉韧带21例

背景：传统的前交叉韧带重建为单束重建,不能改善膝关节的旋转不稳定性和本体感觉。目的：观察关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌腱双束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法：选择前交叉韧带损伤患者,重建前磁共振检查均报道有前交叉韧带损伤。采用自体腘绳肌双束4隧道重建前交叉韧带。结果与结论：前交叉韧带重建后随访≥3个月。KT-2000测量结果显示重建后双侧膝关节前向松弛度差较重建前减小（P〈0.05）,Lachman试验检测结果显示重建后Lachman试验和轴移试验阳性率下降（P〈0.05）。国际膝关节功能评分分级评定结果显示,21例患者恢复至伤前运动水平（P〈0.01）,结果证实,采用自体腘绳肌腱双束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效较好。     

LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的康复护理及疗效比较

目的 探讨韧带增强重建系统(ligament advanced reinforcement system LARS)人工韧带与四股自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)手术的康复护理及临床疗效.方法 2006年6月至2009年8月收集54例ACL损伤病例,根据纳入标准、适应证、医生建议和患者意愿,选择LARS人工韧带或自体腘绳肌腱作为移植物.其中LARS韧带重建ACL病例31例,两端以挤压螺钉固定;四股自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL者23例,股骨端Endobutton悬吊固定,胫骨端可吸收羟基磷灰石界面螺钉固定.2组均按要求给予术前指导及术后康复护理,在术前及术后3,6,12个月进行Lysholm评分并比较.结果 LARS韧带组在术后3,6个月时Lysholm评分值均显著高于自体腘绳肌腱组;2组术后评分较自身术前明显改善,术后12个月时2组的评分值比较无显著差异.结论 应用LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL的病例膝关节功能评分均较术前有明显提高.医ACL重建材料不同,康复护理方案也应有所不同,以提高康复效率,减少并发症.ACL损伤行LARS人工韧带重建,膝关节功能恢复较自体腘绳肌腱重建更快.     

关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的 探讨自体四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的手术方法及疗效.方法 关节镜下以自体四股胭绳肌腱为ACL重建替代物,保留少许ACL残端作为定位标志物,应用钛质界面挤压螺钉固定,对41例ACL损伤病例行重建术.结果 随访6个月～2年,平均12个月.术后38例膝关节活动度在正常范围,无韧带撞击现象.轴移试验术后全部阴性.Lysholm评分由术前(48.8±1.25)分,提高到术后(90.3±1.08)分(P<0.05),差异有显著性.结论 关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱重建ACL是恢复膝关节稳定性较好的方法.     

关节镜下半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双束重建前十字韧带68例分析

目的：介绍关节镜下廊朋自体半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双柬重建前十字韧带（ACL）的方法与疗效。方法：在关节镜下对68例ACL断裂的患者行自体半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双束解剖重建。结果：随访12～24个月，平均15个月。患者均无膝关节不稳、关节间隙摩擦感、打软腿及伸膝受限。术后1a，6例患者Lachman试验I度阳性，余均为阴性。全部患者前抽屉试验和轴移试验均为阴性。膝关节功能Lysholm评分，木后评分为（94±0、5）。结论：关节镜下采用半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双束重建ACL能够可靠恢复关节功能，维持膝关节的稳定性。     

自体腘绳肌双束与单束重建膝关节前交叉韧带

背景:前交叉韧带重建的方式是决定修复效果的关键因素.自体腘绳肌双束与单束重建膝关节前交叉韧带是临床上常用的修复方法.目的:比较自体腘绳肌双束与单束重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效.方法:回顾分析了2005-05/2009-06于中南大学湘雅二医院住院的56例急性前交叉韧带Ⅲ度损伤的患者,其中36例行单束自体腘绳肌重建术,20例行双束自体腘绳肌重建术,所有患者前交叉韧带的重建均由同一医师完成,术后随访16～42个月,评估患者的关节活动度、稳定性等指标.结果与结论:随访期间,所有患者的关节活动度均恢复正常,无伸膝受限.两种重建术后患者的Lysholm-Tegner和IKDC膝关节综合功能评定结果、KT-1000检测结果差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05),术后1年,取出界面螺钉时行关节镜检查,所有患者均未见明显的重建韧带松弛,说明双束与单束自体腘绳肌重建急性前交叉韧带损伤疗效相近.     

LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的Meta分析

目的用Meta分析的方法对关节镜下LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带(ACL)术后疗效进行系统评价。方法检索1995年1月~2016年10月公开发表的关于LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL的病例对照相关文献,按照特定的纳入和排除标准选择文献并提取数据,用Review Manager 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果最终共纳入12篇临床对照研究(NOS评分在4~8星之间)。Meta分析结果显示,术后3个月、6个月时,LARS人工韧带重建组(实验组)Lysholm评分、Tegner膝关节评分、IKDC评分明显高于自体腘绳肌腱重建组(对照组),术后12个月时实验组仅在Tegner膝关节评分中较对照组高,术后24个月时实验组Lysholm评分、Tegner膝关节评分、IKDC评分较对照组无明显优势。结论通过Meta分析发现,LARS人工韧带重建ACL在术后12个月内较自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL有更好的疗效,但这种优势随着术后重建的自体韧带功能不断改善而逐渐缩小,术后24个月时LARS韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL的术后疗效基本相当。但是结果仍需长期随访、高质量的临床研究来进一步证实。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱前交叉韧带重建术围手术期护理

目的探讨膝关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）术后早期功能锻炼的方法,最大限度地减少合并症及功能障碍等不良反应。方法对36例前交叉韧带损伤患者实施自体腘绳肌腱前交叉韧带重建术,术后使用可调式支具外固定、被动活动器（CPM）、被动及主动功能锻炼等康复护理。结果36例术后均获随访,时间为8～12个月,平均10个月。Lysholm膝关节评分,36例均获得优,膝关节活动度可达0～90。。结论前交叉韧带重建术后早期进行综合康复训练明显有利于膝关节功能的恢复。     

自体腘绳肌双束与单束重建膝关节前交叉韧带

背景：前交叉韧带重建的方式是决定修复效果的关键因素。自体腘绳肌双束与单束重建膝关节前交叉韧带是临床上常用的修复方法。目的：比较自体腘绳肌双束与单束重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析了2005-05/2009-06于中南大学湘雅二医院住院的56例急性前交叉韧带Ⅲ度损伤的患者,其中36例行单束自体腘绳肌重建术,20例行双束自体腘绳肌重建术,所有患者前交叉韧带的重建均由同一医师完成,术后随访16～42个月,评估患者的关节活动度、稳定性等指标。结果与结论：随访期间,所有患者的关节活动度均恢复正常,无伸膝受限。两种重建术后患者的Lysholm-Tegner和IKDC膝关节综合功能评定结果、KT-1000检测结果差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,术后1年,取出界面螺钉时行关节镜检查,所有患者均未见明显的重建韧带松弛,说明双束与单束自体腘绳肌重建急性前交叉韧带损伤疗效相近。     

单束解剖膝关节前交叉韧带重建短期随访观察

目的探讨关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌肌腱解剖重建膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）的短期临床效果。方法对32例ACL断裂患者在关节镜下进行重建,采用四股自体半腱肌和股薄肌作为移植物,使用内侧辅助入路在股骨ACL解剖点建立骨隧道,利用Endobutton和Intrafix可吸收界面钉加门形钉对移植物进行固定。术后按照Lysholm膝关节评分标准进行主观评估;对患者进行Lachman试验、ADT试验、Pivot-shift试验进行客观评估,了解重建韧带的稳定性。结果所有患者术后获随访12～36个月,平均24个月;Lysholm评分：术前评分（50.2±6.4）分,术后最终评分（93.3±3.5）分,术前、术后对比差异有显著性;术后Lachman试验、ADT试验均为阴性,患者感觉满意。结论关节镜下采用自体半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱单束解剖重建前交叉韧带可以获得满意的早期临床疗效。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.