抗苗勒管激素对腹腔镜卵巢打孔术有效性的预测价值研究

目的:探讨血清抗苗勒管激素(AMH)与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)性激素水平间的相关关系,并分析用术前血清AMH水平对腹腔镜卵巢打孔术后卵巢排卵反应性的预测价值.方法:应用酶联免疫吸附(EusA)法检测54例行腹腔镜卵巢打孔术(LOD)的氯米芬抵抗的PCOS患者术前血清基础AMH水平,术后用阴道B超和尿LH峰监测卵巢卵泡发育及排卵反应情况.结果:血清基础AMH水平与LH(γ=0.984,P<0.001)、LH/FSH(γ=0.899,P<0.001)、T(γ=0.837,P<0.001)水平及卵泡数目(FN)(γ=0.761,P<0.001)呈显著正相关.ROC曲线分析表明,AMH对术后卵巢高和低反应性均为中等诊断价值,其AUC分别是0.792和0.846(95%CI:0.673～0.911和0.696～0.996;P=0.000和P=0.002).以血清AMH7-4ng/mL和4.3ng/mL分别为预测卵巢高和低反应性最佳诊断界值,灵敏度分别为73.1%和87.5%.特异度分别为71.4%和66.7%.阳性预测值分别为71.9%和72.4%,阴性预测值分别为72.6%和84.2%.结论:PCOS患者的血清AMH水平增高可能是PCOS卵泡发育异常和性激素合成失调的原因之一,测定术前血清基础AMH水平可以预测LOD术后卵巢高和低排卵反应性,并可以作为评估LOD手术有效性的一个有价值预测指标.     

腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术治疗多囊卵巢综合征不孕症48例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下卵巢电凝打孔术对多囊卵巢综合征不孕症(PCOS)患者的临床疗效.方法 选择2006年6月～2008年6月该院诊断PCOS不孕患者48例,行腹腔镜下卵巢电凝打孔术,观察术前、术后血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(TOT)、雌二醇(E2)、泌乳素(PRL)水平的变化,术后月经和排卵情况,妊娠率.结果 术后LH、TOT、LH/FSH、PRL水平较术前明显降低(P<0.01),而FSH、E2术前、术后差异无显著性(P>0.05),月经情况明显改善,术后排卵率为87.5%,术后2年内妊娠31例,术后累积妊娠率66.22%.结论 腹腔镜下卵巢电凝打孔术简单易行,创伤小,术后粘连少,恢复快,为药物诱导排卵失败的PCOS不孕症患者提供了新的治疗途径.     

腹腔镜卵巢打孔术治疗多囊卵巢综合征

目的探讨腹腔镜卵巢打孔术治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的临床应用价值及特点。方法回顾性分析了28例(年龄24~36岁,不孕年限平均6.5年)近年行腹腔镜卵巢打孔术的PCOS患者的临床资料,观察其术前、术后激素变化情况及术后排卵和妊娠情况。结果腹腔镜卵巢打孔术治疗PCOS术后所有患者LH、FSH和T水平与术前相比均显著性降低(P<0.01),术后自然排卵率为85.7%,追加CC后排卵率为92.9%,妊娠率为46.4%,远高于口服克罗米酚治疗PCOS的疗效。结论腹腔镜卵巢打孔术为治疗PCOS的较佳方案,值得在临床推广使用。     

腹腔镜卵巢电凝术治疗多囊卵巢综合征合并不孕的疗效

[目的]探讨腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的可行性.[方法]分析32例PCOS患者手术前后自然排卵率及加用克罗米芬后的排卵率,比较手术前后血清黄体生成素(LH),卵泡生成素(FSH),睾酮(T),雌二醇(E2)水平及LH/FSH在手术前后的变化和术后排卵率及妊娠的情况.[结果]32例患者术后2个月内自然排卵率为68.75%,妊娠率为56.25%,术后患者血清中LH和T均较术前明显下降.LH/FSH比值趋于正常.术后排卵率及妊娠率均显著提高.[结论]腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术是一种恢复PCOS患者卵巢生理功能的有效方法.且具有高排卵率,高妊娠率,并发症少及操作简单的优点.     

腹腔镜卵巢打孔术治疗多囊卵巢综合征的临床价值

目的 探讨腹腔镜卵巢打孔术（LOD）对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者的内分泌变化、排卵情况及术后受孕率的影响。方法 对56例PCOS患者行腹腔镜卵巢打孔术，观察其术前、术后卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）、睾酮（T）的变化及排卵情况和术后受孕情况。结果 术后T、LH、LH／FSH水平均较术前明显降低，术后排卵率达83．92％（47／56），妊娠率达62．5％（35／56）。结论 腹腔镜卵巢打孔术可成功地诱导排卵，术后妊娠率高，手术方法简便，为药物治疗失败后一种有效的治疗手段。     

血清抗苗勒管激素水平在多囊卵巢综合征的临床意义

目的 探讨血清抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平检测在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)中的临床意义.方法 选择PCOS患者80例(PCOS组),其中具有以下情况之一者纳入PCOS组1(40例):月经正常、高雄激素血症和多囊卵巢(PCO);月经稀少或闭经、雄激素正常和PCO;月经稀少或闭经、高雄激素血症和无PCO.月经稀少或闭经、高雄激素血症和PCO患者纳入PCOS组2.40例年龄和体质量指数(BMI)相匹配的健康妇女纳入对照组.检测各研究组血清AMH水平及各项相关指标.结果 PCOS组血清AMH(55.21±9.03) pmol/L高于对照组(12.58±4.82)pmol/L(P＜0.05),PCOS组2血清AMH(61.73±7.62)pmol/L高于PCOS组1(32.53±3.05)pmol/L(P＜0.05);对照组及PCOS组血清AMH均与小卵泡数(FN)呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.856、0.703,P＜0.05);对照组血清AMH与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.431,P＜0.05).结论 AMH分泌异常可能与PCOS发生发展有关,血清AMH水平是描述PCO的可靠指标,也是反映健康妇女卵巢功能衰退的敏感标志物,而在PCOS患者中可能无此作用.     

腹腔镜卵巢打孔术治疗多囊卵巢综合征合并不孕的临床研究

目的　探查腹腔镜卵巢打孔术治疗多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS)合并不孕的价值。方法　对 38例PCOS合并不孕患者行腹腔镜电针双侧卵巢打孔术 ,术后以B型超声监测排卵。结果　打孔术后自然排卵率为80 .2 6 % ,高于术前的 19.73% ,P <0 .0 1,有显著性差异 ;术后加用克罗米芬 (cc)的促排卵成功率为 94 .74 % ,高于术前加用CC的促排卵率 6 5 .79% ,P <0 .0 1,有显著性差异 ;术后妊娠率为 4 2 .11%。结论　腹腔镜卵巢打孔术可提高 pcos合并不孕患者的自然排卵率及对克罗米芬的敏感性 ,从而提高妊娠率     

腹腔镜手术治疗多囊卵巢综合征52例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下双侧卵巢打孔术或卵巢楔形切除对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的治疗效果厦术前、术后激素水平测定的意义。方法 对52例PCOS患者在腹腔镜下行卵巢打孔术或卵巢楔形切除术，术前、术后检测血清雄激素、促黄体生成素、促卵泡生成素的变化。结果 患者术后血清雄激素、促黄体生成素明显下降，术后排卵率为80．8％，妊娠率为63．4％。结论 腹腔镜下双倒卵巢打孔术或卵巢楔形切除具有损伤小、粘连轻、恢复快、疗效高的特点，是治疗PCOS的有效方法。     

腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术配合克罗米芬、人绒毛膜促性腺激素对多囊卵巢综合征所致不孕症的临床效果

目的探讨腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术配合克罗米芬(CC)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)所致不孕症的治疗效果。方法将68例PCOS所致不孕症患者随机分为2组,每组34例。对照组行腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术与HCG治疗,观察组行腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术配合CC、HCG治疗。比较2组患者治疗效果及妊娠情况。结果治疗后,观察组黄体生成激素、雌二醇、睾酮等指标均显著优于对照组(P 0. 05)。观察组治疗期间排卵率为91. 18%,1年内妊娠率58. 82%,均显著高于对照组的58. 82%、32. 35%(P 0. 05)。对照组未见不良反应,观察组不良反应发生率5. 58%,2组不良反应发生率无显著差异(P 0. 05)。结论腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术配合CC、HCG对PCOS所致不孕症有显著的治疗效果,可改善性激素水平,提高排卵率及妊娠率。     

腹腔镜卵巢打孔联合药物治疗难治性 多囊卵巢综合征临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜卵巢打孔术(LOD)结合来曲唑(LE)对难治性多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕的治疗效果。方法将72例患者随机分成研究组和对照组各36例,所有患者进行LOD。手术前后分别测血黄体生成激素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)及雌二醇(E2)水平,术后第9天起监测患者卵泡发育和排卵共3个周期,并记录妊娠数和流产数。结果两组患者术后LH和T水平与术前相比均有显著性下降(P<0.05),两组E2水平术后均较术前降低,但研究组治疗后降低更为显著(P<0.05)。3个治疗周期内研究组排卵率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 LOD后结合氯米芬(CC)能明显改善难治性PCOS患者的排卵和受孕机会。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.