49例腹腔镜胆囊切除术所致医源性胆管损伤的处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术所致胆管损伤的处理时机及疗效评价。方法回顾总结2001年1月至2011年12月期间我院收治的49例腹腔镜胆囊切除术所致医源性胆道损伤患者的临床资料,对损伤胆道的手术时机及其疗效进行分析。结果 49例患者中,29例行肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,19例行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例行胆总管修补术。10例在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后3d内再次手术,27例在3 d～6周内再次手术,12例在6周后再次手术。15例患者出现不同的远期或早期并发症。统计学分析发现,在3 d～6周内再次手术的患者较容易出现胆道狭窄(P=0.03)。结论胆道损伤修复手术在胆道损伤后3d内或6月后施行可减少胆道狭窄的发生。     

胆囊切除术致胆管损伤28例外科治疗体会

目的 提高胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的外科治疗水平.方法 回顾性分析28例胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的临床资料.结果 术中发现的19例胆管损伤病例均行一期胆道重建术,包括胆管断端对端吻合术6例、肝外胆管空肠端侧Roux-Y吻合术7例和左肝管空肠侧侧Roux-Y吻合术6例.在胆管断端对端吻合术6例中,有2例术后出现胆道狭窄而行再次胆道重建术.术后发现的胆管损伤9例中,3例行一期胆道重建,包括左肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术2例和肝总管空肠端侧Roux-Y吻合术1例;3例行二期胆道重建术,包括肝总管空肠端侧Roux-Y吻合术1例、左肝管空肠侧侧Roux-Y吻合术1例和胆管空肠黏膜移植术1例;1例行结扎松解后胆管切开加T形管支撑引流术;1例行胆管裂伤修补加胆总管T形管引流术;1例行保守治疗.术后疗效满意.结论 术中及时发现和术后早期诊断胆管损伤,针对不同损伤类型选择相应术式并注重胆道重建的质量可以提高胆管损伤的修复效果;不必常规放置经吻合口的支撑引流管;Smith空肠黏膜移植术可应用于某些高位胆管损伤的二期修复重建.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术高位胆管损伤的预防及处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中高位胆管损伤的原因、预防及处理方法。方法对2009年1月至2014年1月我科收治外院转入的16例腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆管损伤的病例和同期我科腹腔镜胆囊切除术2200例无胆管损伤的临床资料进行分析。结果16例胆管损伤的部位均为肝总管横断及毁损伤,其中11例行肝总管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,5例行左右肝管整形-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,16例病人术后恢复良好,无死亡病例。同期2200例LC术中采用“肝总管显露”确认后再行胆囊切除无一例发生胆管损伤。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术高位胆管损伤最多见,术中“肝总管显露”是预防高位胆管损伤的可靠方法。肝总管（或左右肝管整形）-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是治疗高位胆管损伤最有效的手术方式。     

医源性胆管损伤远期并发症五例诊治体会

目的 探讨医源性胆管损伤导致远期胆管狭窄及闭锁并发症的治疗方法及要点.方法 回顾性分析2002年6月至2006年7月收治的5例因胆囊切除手术时胆管损伤导致胆管狭窄及闭锁远期并发症患者的临床资料.结果 5例医源性胆管损伤远期并发症包括:肝总管完全闭锁2例,肝门部胆管狭窄2例,胆肠吻合口狭窄1例.其中,2例为腹腔镜胆囊切除手术,3例为小切口胆囊切除术.损伤部位按Strasberg分型包括:E1型、E2型、E3型各1例、E5型2例.5例胆管损伤远期并发症患者,均于经皮肝胆管穿刺造影及引流减黄治疗后进行手术探查及胆道重建.手术方法包括肝门部肝管成型、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术3例,肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术2例,术后均恢复良好出院.5例患者均随访7年以上,未再发生梗阻性黄疸及胆道感染,目前仍在随访中.结论 对医源性胆管损伤导致胆管狭窄及胆管闭锁远期并发症患者,应先施行经皮肝胆管穿刺造影及引流治疗,待黄疸及炎症控制后二期手术行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合.耐心细致解剖肝门、将损伤近端正常胆管组织与空肠吻合及保证吻合口足够大是手术治疗成功的要点.     

手术治疗医源性胆管损伤的临床体会

目的总结医源性胆管损伤的诊治方法及再手术要点。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年12月收治的医源性胆管损伤病人的临床资料。结果总计32例医源性胆管损伤:发生于胆囊切除手术19例,胆管探查手术8例,肝切除手术5例。治疗方法:4例病人行非手术治疗,28例病人行手术治疗。手术方式:胆管修补术7例,胆管端端吻合术1例,胆管结扎线松解1例,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术13例,肝叶切除+胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术4例,肝叶切除术2例。32例病人中:术后1例反复发作胆管炎,1例胆肠吻合口狭窄再次手术,2例死亡,其余28例随访期内恢复良好。结论医源性胆管损伤再手术的成功,有赖于丰富的胆道外科经验和精准的胆道外科技术,对于吻合口狭窄或重建手术失败者,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术为推荐术式。     

腹腔镜胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术在胆道再次手术中的应用分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胆管空肠吻合术(LRCJS)在再次胆道手术中的应用指征、操作技巧与疗效。方法:回顾分析2018年6月至2021年12月收治的首次胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后应用LRCJS再次行胆道手术的36例患者的临床资料。结果:首次实施Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合的原因：腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊三角区严重粘连或解剖变异致胆管损伤后修复19例，肝内胆管结石术式选择不当7例，胆总管复发结石3例，Mirizzi综合征肝总管狭窄4例，胆总管囊肿2例，胆总管中段腺瘤1例。LRCJS再次手术前患者均行CT、MRCP等检查，诊断为胆肠吻合口瘢痕狭窄伴结石形成25例、肝总管狭窄伴结石4例、肝左叶胆管结石伴胆管炎7例。经术前评估内镜逆行胰胆管造影难以取出结石与纠正狭窄。25例行原胆肠吻合口拆开扩大+胆道镜取石再吻合术，4例行原胆肠吻合口拆开取石+左右肝管整形+胆肠吻合术，7例行肝左叶切除+右肝管空肠吻合术。随访6个月至4年，2例偶发右上腹疼痛、发热等急性胆管炎症状，余者均痊愈。结论:胆肠吻合术后再次行LRCJS具有痛苦少、创伤小、康复快的优势，但手术难度较大，有损伤腹腔脏器的风险，术者...     

外伤性胆道损伤22例诊治报告

目的 探讨外伤性胆道损伤的诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析22例创伤性肝外胆道损伤的诊治资料.结果 22例均于术中确诊.其中,行单纯胆囊切除术5例,行胆囊切除加胆总管修补术8例,行胆囊切除加胆总管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术7例,行胆囊切除加肝总管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术2例.本组22例均治愈.结论 外伤性胆道损伤术...     

良性胆管狭窄行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后再手术临床分析

目的 探讨良性胆管狭窄行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后再手术的原因和再手术的方法.方法 回顾性分析良性胆管狭窄行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后28例再次手术患者的临床资料.文中数据统计分析计量资料采用t检验,多因素分析采用Stepwise logistic回归分析.结果 再次手术原因为残余结石合并胆管狭窄10例,单纯吻合口狭窄11例,胆管狭窄6例,吻合口漏和十二指肠漏1例.再手术方式为:肝叶或肝段切除+胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术18例,肝正中裂劈开+胆肠Roux-en.Y吻合术5例,右半肝切除术1例,吻合口狭窄段切除+胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术1例,腹腔引流+十二指肠造瘘+空肠造瘘术1例,胆管切开取石+T管引流术2例,术后发生并发症13例.结论 胆道再手术病情复杂,手术难度高,详细了解病情和正确的手术方式是良性胆管狭窄再手术成功的关键.     

医源性胆道损伤的诊治：附52例报告

目的:总结医源性胆道损伤的经验教训。 方法:对52例医源性胆道损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果:胆道手术所致48例(92.3%)，胃大部切除术及肝脏手术所致各2例（共7.7%）。损伤部位在肝总管与胆总管交界处34例(65.4%)，肝总管6例(11.5%)，胆总管6例(11.5%)，左右肝管汇合部4例(7.7%)，左、右肝管各1例(共3.8%)。胆管完全性损伤30例(57.7%)，部分性损伤22例(42.3%)。所有病例均行手术处理。术中立即发现8例，采用直接修补或对端吻合、T管支撑引流术5例，直接置合适T管引流1例，肝总管与空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术1例，效果均满意；另1例行胆总管十二指肠吻合术，3年后因吻合口狭窄再次行肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治愈。术后发现的44例，行肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术31例，肝总管与十二指肠吻合8例，胆总管置管引流2例，胆总管缺损用空肠瓣修补术1例，肝内胆管与空肠Longmire吻合术1例，拆除胆总管前后壁之间缝线1例。全组死亡4例，生存48例中41例获随访，疗效优良率为82.9%，疗效差的7例分别于术后2个月至5年再次作胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治愈。结论:要警惕医源性胆道损伤的发生，及早诊断、及早修复胆道的连续性是提高疗效的关键。手术方式根据损伤部位、类型、损伤后发现的时间具体决定，以胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的疗效最佳。     

胆囊切除致肝外胆管损伤16例临床分析

目的 探讨胆囊切除致肝外胆管损伤修复的时机和方法。 方法 回顾性分析1985年1月至2009年12月中国医科大学附属第一医院普通外科16例胆囊切除致胆管损伤的确诊时间与修复时机。 结果 术中发现（确诊）4例,术后早期确诊10例,后期确诊2例。术中及术后确诊的12例胆管横断性损伤及2例腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）远期胆管瘢痕性狭窄行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。2例时间较短（＜6个月）效果难以评估。12例无胆道感染及胆管炎等吻合口狭窄表现。1例LC术后5d黄疸行开腹手术发现2枚钛夹夹闭胆总管,拆除钛夹行胆总管T管引流术。1例小切口胆囊切除术（MC）术后胆漏,内镜下鼻胆管引流术（ENBD）4周后痊愈。结论 根据胆管损伤的确诊时间、损伤程度而采取不同的处理方法;如不适合行对端吻合及自身生物瓣修复时,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是常用而有效的方法。     

胆道损伤行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合后胆道再次狭窄的处理

目的探讨胆道损伤经胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合后胆道再次发生狭窄的手术时机和方法。方法回顾性分析2005年11月至2006年10月间,上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院外科收治的胆道损伤经胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合后发生再次狭窄的7例临床资料。结果胆道损伤均由胆囊切除所造成,其中6例为腹腔镜胆囊切除术,1例为小切口胆囊切除术。发生胆道损伤的类型,按Strasberg分型:E11例、E23例、E32例和E41例。6例接受了再次高位胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合,其中1例施行了二期右半肝切除术,另1例施行了胆道外引流术,所有病人恢复基本良好。结论胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合是修复胆道损伤的主要治疗方法,尤其对于再次胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合的病例,手术时机和手术方式的合理选择、手术技术的精益求精是成功的关键。     

胆道损伤经手术修复后再次胆道狭窄的外科处理

目的 胆道损伤经修复手术后发生再次胆道狭窄是外科处理的难点,该文探讨此类病例的手术时机和手术方法 .方法 回顾性分析了自2005年11月至2007年10月间,上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院收治的胆道损伤经一次或二次修复手术后发生再次胆道狭窄的病例16例,对这些病例的临床资料进行分析.结果 胆道损伤绝大多数是由胆囊切除所造成,其中14例为腹腔镜胆囊切除术.1例为小切口胆囊切除术,另1例为腹部外伤.初次胆道损伤按Strasberg分型,E1 1例、E2 7例、E3 5例和E43例,其中2例E4类型的病人合并动脉损伤.末次修复手术方式分别为11例胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合,3例胆总管端端吻合并放置T管,1例左肝管T管引流,另1例胆道外引流术.该次入院12例病人接受了胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合,其中1例接受了二期右半肝切除术(E4类型合并右肝动脉损伤);1例病人接受了胆总管端端吻合;1例病人(E4类型合并肝固有动脉损伤)接受了尸肝移植;1例病人(腹部外伤所致)接受了活体右半肝移植;另1例病人接受了胆道外引流术.经初步随访,病人恢复基本良好.结论 尽管再次手术时因炎症瘢痕等因素使得胆道狭窄平面高于初次损伤平面,但胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合依然是修复胆道损伤的主要治疗方法 .术前评估应尤其重视是否合并血管损伤,并根据情况考虑是否需要行半肝切除或肝移植术;而对于全身条件较差者,可先行胆道外引流治疗.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管横断性损伤的原因及对策

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）致胆管损伤的特点及处理方法。方法：回顾总结3例LC术中胆管横断伤的临床资料,分析3例胆管横断性损伤的原因及对策。结果：胆管横断性损伤3例,术中发现1例,术后发现2例;胆管修补（端端吻合）＋T管支撑引流1例,胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合2例。结论：规范腹腔镜医师培训,提高腹腔镜操作技术,严把手术质量关,避免盲目自信,重视解剖变异、病理性异常,及时中转手术是预防胆道损伤的关键。     

29例医源性胆管损伤手术疗效的临床分析

目的:探讨医源性胆管损伤的手术时机与修复方式,以期提高术后的远期疗效。方法:回顾性分析1999年1月至2010年12月我院收治的29例医源性胆管损伤病人的临床资料,并对所有病人手术修复后进行随访。结果:根据2008年中华医学会外科学分会胆道外科学组制定的《胆管损伤的预防与治疗指南》中胆管损伤的分型,29例胆管损伤中Ⅰ型损伤3例,Ⅱ1型22例,Ⅱ2型3例,Ⅱ3型1例。即时修复12例,早期修复(两周以内)6例,延期修复(6-8周)11例。修复手术方式有迷走胆管结扎术1例,胆总管修补术1例,胆管修补加T管引流术9例,胆管端端吻合加T管引流术2例,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术16例。29例病人中失访6例,死亡1例,平均随访时间为4.7年。在随访的22例病人中有20例一次修复成功,所有随访病人末次手术至今均无明显胆道感染及黄疸。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术是高位胆管损伤最主要的原因。只要正确选择手术时机、手术方式,掌握修复技巧,胆管损伤可以获得较好的远期效果。在胆管修补术中,适时留置T管有助于减少术后胆漏和狭窄,一般留置3个月左右。     

Bile duct injuries at laparoscopic cholecystectomy: early repair results

STUDY AIM: To compare the early repair results in bile duct injuries at laparoscopic cholecystectomy to a later repair and so the early reconstruction by an end-to-end anastomosis to a Roux-en-Y bypass. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From 1990 to 2003, twelve patients were treated for bile duct injury, not diagnosed at the time of cholecystectomy and had an early repair within 30 days after the cholecystectomy. They had either a duct to duct anastomosis or a Roux-en-Y bypass at the time of the reconstruction. RESULTS: The level of the injury was Bismuth II (N=7), III (N=1), IV (N=2) and V (N=1) referral to Bismuth classification and one isolated right sectoral duct injury. Four patients had an duct to duct anastomosis and eight an hepaticojejunostomy at a median of 15.3 days after cholecystectomy. With one patient lost to follow up, the overall success rate in this series was 81.8% after reconstruction with a mean 40 months follow up. The reconstruction by an end to end anastomosis was successful in 100% of patients (with a mean 31.2 months follow up) and in 71.4% of patients after a Roux-en-Y biliary reconstruction (with a mean 45 months follow up). CONCLUSION: Good results may be performed, by an early repair in bile duct injuries at laparoscopic cholecystectomy, either by an duct to duct anastomosis or a Roux-en-Y bypass.     

Long-term results and risk factors influencing outcome of major bile duct injuries following cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Major bile duct injuries usually need operative repair and remain a challenge even for surgeons who specialize in hepatobiliary surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate management and short- and long-term outcomes of patients with major complications after cholecystectomy. METHODS: Data were analysed for 54 patients who underwent operation for major bile duct injuries after cholecystectomy between January 1990 and January 2002. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for the development of biliary complications. RESULTS: Complete follow-up data were available for all 54 patients (median duration 61.9 (range 2.6-154.3) months). All underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Three patients (6 per cent) died from biliary tract complications during follow-up. Long-term biliary complications occurred in ten patients (19 per cent). Nine patients developed biliary stricture of whom five developed secondary biliary cirrhosis. A successful long-term result was achieved in 50 (93 per cent) of 54 patients, including those who required subsequent procedures. Biliary reconstruction in the presence of peritonitis (P = 0.002), combined vascular and bile duct injuries (P = 0.029), and injury at or above the level of the biliary bifurcation (P = 0.012) were significant independent predictors of poor outcome. CONCLUSION: Successful repair of bile duct injuries after cholecystectomy can be achieved in specialized hepatobiliary units.     

Mechanisms of major biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the procedure of choice for surgical removal of the gallbladder. The most significant complication of this new technique is injury to the bile duct. Twelve cases of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy were reviewed. Eight injuries were of a classic type: misidentification of the common duct for the cystic duct, resection of part of the common and hepatic ducts, and associated right hepatic arterial injury. Another injury was similar: clip ligation of the distal common duct with proximal ligation and division of the cystic duct, resulting in biliary obstruction and leakage. Three complications arose from excessive use of cautery or laser in the region of the common duct, resulting in biliary strictures. Evaluation of persistent diffuse abdominal pain led to the recognition of ductal injury in most patients. Ultimately, 10 patients required a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy to provide adequate biliary drainage. One patient had a successful direct common duct repair, and the remaining patient underwent endoscopic dilatation.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆道损伤的临床分析

目的 总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆道损伤的原因、预防措施、诊断及处理方法.方法 回顾分析我院从2008年1月～2013年1月处理的14例腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆道损伤的临床资料.结果 在14例患者中,A型（3例）经闭合离断的小胆管＋腹腔引流术治疗,C型（1例）和D型（5例）经肝胆管的修补＋T管引流术＋腹腔引流术治疗,E1型（3例）和E3型（1例）经肝管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术＋腹腔引流术治疗,E4型（1例）经融合左右肝管后再行的肝管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术＋腹腔引流术治疗.14例患者术后随访6～60月,均恢复良好.结论 胆道损伤是腹腔镜胆囊切除术的严重并发症,我们在了解其主要原因的同时应尽力避免损伤,一旦出现需及时正确处理,以达到满意的预后.     

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??Extrahepatic bile duct injury caused by cholecystectomy??a clinical analysis of 16 cases LI Yu-ji, TIAN Yu-lin, KONG Fan-min, et al. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,China
Corresponding author: DONG Ming, E-mail: mingdong@mail.cmu.edu.cn
Abstract Objective To explore the repair timing and method of extrahepatic bile duct injury caused by cholecystectomy. Methods Final diagnosis time, repair timing and method of 16 cases of extrahepatic bile duct injury caused by cholecystectomy admitted between January 1985 and December 2009 in the Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Results Four cases were found during operation. Ten cases were diagnosed during early postoperation. Two cases were diagnosed during late postoperation. Jejunum Roux-en-Y anastomosis was performed in 12 cases of bile duct transection injury diagnosed during and after operation and 2 cases of bile duct stricture caused by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The therapeutic effect of 2 cases is difficult to assess because postoperative time was shorter than 6 months. Twelve cases had no cholangitis and other biliary tract infection. One case in the 5th day after LC had jaundice, in whom two titanium clip occlusion of the common bile duct were found during the second operation, and then removing the line titanium clips and making T tube drainage of common bile duct were performed. One case had bile leakage after small-incision cholecystectomy (MC), in whom endoscopic biliary drainage (ENBD) was performed. The case recovered 4 weeks later. Conclusion The right treatment should be made according to the duct injury time and degree. If it is not suitable for end to end anastomosis and self biological valve repairing, the bile duct jejunum Roux-en-Y anastomosis is a common and effective method.