新疆汉族EH危险因素及与eNOS基因rs7830和rs3918188相关性

目的 探讨新疆汉族人群原发性高血压(EH)危险因素及与内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)基因rs7830和rs3918188多态性与相关性.方法 于2007-2009年在现况流行病学调查基础上选择新疆汉族346例EH患者(EH组)和385名非EH患者(NT组)作为研究对象,采用酚-氯仿法提取DNA、SNaPshot技术检测多态性,分析新疆汉族人群EH危险因素及与eNOS基因rs7830和rs3918188相关性.结果 年龄、体质指数是新疆汉族人群EH发生的危险因素(P＜0.05);EH组和NT组eNOS基因rs7830位点的CC、AC和AA基因型频率(36.4％、53.5％、10.1％ VS 37.7％、44.9％、17.4％)分布差异有统计学意义(x2=9.721,P=0.008),C和A等位基因频率(63.2％、36.8％ VS 60.1％、39.9％)分布差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);EH组和NT组eNOS基因rs3918188位点CC、CA和AA基因型频率(47.7％、44.8％、7.5％ VS 41.3％、46.5％、12.2％)分布差异无统计学意义(P＞o.05),C和A等位基因频率(70.1％、29.9％ VS 64.5％、35.5％)分布差异有统计学意义(x2=5.075,P=0.024);eNOS基因rs7830和rs3918188位点构建的CC单倍型频率(34.11％ VS 27.52％)分布在2组差异有统计学意义(x2=7.455,P=0.006),CC单倍型患病风险为1.363.结论 年龄、体质指数是新疆汉族人群EH发生的危险因素;eNOS基因rs3918188和rs7830位点多态性可能与EH的发生相关.     

探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶C677T和A1298C基因多态性与乳腺癌的易感性研究

目的探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T和A1298C位点多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系。方法选取96例乳腺癌患者为疾病组,107例健康体检女性为对照组,用聚合酶链反应技术检测MTHFR基因C677T和A1298C位点的多态性,基因型分别为野生型(677CC)、杂合型(677CT)、纯合型(677TT)和野生型(1298AA)、杂合型(1298AC)、纯合型(1298CC)。结果乳腺癌组677位点3种基因型频率分别为39.58%、50.00%和10.42%,与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);乳腺癌组1 298位点3种基因型频率分别为66.66%、22.92%和10.42%,其中野生型(1298AA)和杂合型(1298AC)与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而纯合型(C1298C)与对照组相比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)(OR=4.03,95%CI:1.08~15.11)。结论 MTHFR基因1 298位点A-C变异可能是台州地区乳腺癌的易感因素之一,但仅在CC纯合型时有统计学意义,677位点多态性与乳腺癌的发生无明显相关性。     

腺苷酸环化酶3基因多态性与儿童肥胖的相关性分析

目的探讨腺苷酸环化酶3(ADCY3)基因多态性与儿童肥胖的相关性。方法选取2016年6月—2020年6月于天津市第四中心医院收集的88例单纯性肥胖患儿作为研究对象(观察组);另选取同期在医院做体检的健康儿童95例作为对照组。收集所有研究对象的一般资料;采用连接酶检测反应技术进行单核苷酸多态性分型检测;平衡程度采用Hardy-Weinbery平衡检测;儿童肥胖的影响因素采用logistic回归分析。结果ADCY3基因rs10187348位点基因型包括野生纯合型(GG基因型)、突变杂合型(CG基因型)及突变纯合型(CC基因型);rs4665273位点基因型包括野生纯合型(CC基因型)、突变杂合型(CT基因型)及突变纯合型(TT基因型)。各基因型分布频率服从Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。与对照组相比,观察组ADCY3基因rs10187348位点CG、CC基因型及C等位基因频率显著升高(P<0.05);rs4665273位点CT、TT基因型及T等位基因频率显著升高(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示ADCY3基因rs10187348位点杂合子CG型、纯合子突变CC型及rs4665273位点杂合子CT型、纯合子TT型是儿童肥胖发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血浆中ADCY3基因rs10187348位点杂合子CG型、纯合子突变CC型及rs4665273位点杂合子CT型、纯合子TT型与儿童肥胖的发生密切相关,可导致儿童肥胖风险增高。     

赤峰市汉族和蒙古族女性MTHFR与MTRR基因多态性分布研究

目的研究赤峰市汉族和蒙古族女性5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)和甲硫氨酸合成酶还原酶(MTRR)基因多态性分布。方法选择2016-2019年在赤峰市妇幼保健院进行产检的健康女性2 385人,提取样本DNA,采用荧光定量PCR技术检测MTRR A66G和MTHFR C677T/A1298C基因型和等位基因。结果入组对象的MTRR A66G和MTHFR C677T/A1298C基因多态性符合遗传平衡。赤峰市蒙古族、汉族女性MTHFR C677T/A1298C和MTRR A66G基因型和等位基因频率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。MTHFR C677T/A1298C汉族女性有7种组合,频率最高的是TT/AA (34.1%),之后依次是CT/AA、CT/AC、CC/AC、CC/AA、CC/CC、TT/AC;蒙古族女性有6种组合,频率最高的是CT/AA (36.8%),之后依次是TT/AA、CT/AC、CC/AA、CC/AC、CC/CC。蒙古族女性MTHFR C677T和A1298C两位点间存在完全连锁不平衡(D'=1.000,r2=0.199)。汉族女性MTHFR C677T和A1298C两位点间存在完全连锁不平衡(D'=0.996,r2=0.250)。结论通过调查赤峰市汉族、蒙古族女性叶酸代谢关键酶的基因多态性分布,可以为基于群体遗传特征的出生缺陷病因学研究和临床干预研究提供依据,指导科学增补叶酸营养,实施个性化保健。     

CYP7A1基因多态性对脂代谢异常人群影响

目的 了解胆固醇7α-羟化酶(cYP7A1)基因多态性对中老年脂代谢紊乱的影响.方法 2008年3月-2009年3月对江苏省南京市2 200名常住汉族中老年人(45 ～ 75岁)进行实验室检查,从高脂血症患者中随机抽取223例作为血脂异常组,从健康体检者中随机抽取228人作为对照组,检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和CYP7A1基因多态性.结果 CYP7A1-204A/C多态位点等位基因A、C频率在血脂异常组和正常对照组分别为30.0％、70.0％和30.7％、69.3％,等位基因频率和基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P＞0.05);血脂异常组中AA、AC和CC 3种基因型的TC水平分别为(4.34±1.08)、(5.67±1.02)、(5.52±1.08) mmol/L,AC、CC型与AA型比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);AA型患者的HDL-C和LDL-C水平分别为(0.88±0.28)、(1.65±0.69) mmol/L,均低于AC型[(1.15±0.27)和(2.28±0.61) mmol/L]和CC型[(1.17±0.32)和(2.31±0.80) mmol/L] (P ＜0,05);正常对照组中仅TC水平在CC型[(4.94±0.75) mmol/L]和AC型[(5.48±0.91) mmol/L]间差异有统计学意义(t=5.104,P＜0.05).结论 携带CYP7A1基因突变型的个体,发生脂代谢紊乱的风险增高.     

佛山市孕早期妇女叶酸代谢障碍相关基因位点分布研究

目的探析佛山市早期妇女叶酸代谢障碍相关基因位点分布与胎儿生长障碍(FGR)的相关性研究。方法对2014年8月-2016年8月期间在佛山市妇幼保健院产前检查的孕妇(单胎)1500例,从确诊为FGR的病例中取100例FGR作为研究组,根据FGR组中孕妇的年龄、孕龄、户籍资料等。选取100例具有可比性的正常孕妇作为对照组,分别从其孕5~8周起监测同型半胱氨酸值及血清叶酸水平情况,对叶酸代谢障碍的妇女进行叶酸代谢障碍相关遗传基因位点多态性进行检测。结果 (1)FGR研究组与对照组相比,其中C677T、A1298C、A66G型中TT、CC、GG 3种位点基因型的血浆中Hcy水平均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。总的突变T等位基因、突变C等位基因及G等位基因频率显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)与C677T的CC型相比,CT型、TT型与CT+TT型会增加叶酸代谢障碍的发病概率,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与A1298C的AA型相比,AC型、CC型与AC+CC型会增加叶酸代谢障碍的发病概率,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与A66G的AA型相比,AG型、GG型与AG型+GG型会增加叶酸代谢障碍的发病概率,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论佛山地区孕早期妇女叶酸代谢障碍相关基因位点分布与FGR有关。     

GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性与COPD易感性的研究

目的　探讨GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性与COPD易感性的关系。方法　应用PCR技术对 91例COPD患者和 44例非COPD人群GSTM1、GSTT1不同基因型进行检测并根据性别、年龄及吸烟史对其易感性进行分析。结果　两组之间相比较男性及 >40岁的人群其GSTM10 / 0基因型频率有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;在吸烟指数为≥ 3 1PY时 ,COPD组的GSTM10 / 0基因型频率显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;根据性别、年龄组及吸烟史分析 ,在两组人群中GSTT10 / 0基因型频率均未发现有显著性差异 (P值均 >0 0 5 ) ;两组人群综合基因型频率分析显示 ,在吸烟指数≥ 3 1PY的人群中GSTM10 / 0 -GSTT10 / 0基因型频率则显著高于对照组 (P<0 0 5 )。结论　GSTM1纯合缺失基因型可能增加了长期大量吸烟人群对COPD的易感性 ,若同时伴有GSTT1的纯合性缺失可进一步增加对COPD的易感性     

白细胞介素-1β基因多态性与汉族人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相关性

目的探讨白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)基因-511C/T、-31 C/T、+3954 C/T位点多态性与汉族人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)易感性之间的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,检测河北省唐山地区汉族162例COPD稳定期患者和162例对照组人群的IL-1β基因-511、-31、+3954位点的基因型和等位基因及其分布。结果 (1)COPD组IL-1β基因-511位点CC、CT、TT基因型频率分别为19.75%、62.96%、17.28%,对照组分别为22.22%、61.11%、16.67%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);COPD组IL-1β基因-31位点CC、CT、TT基因型频率分别为19.75%、62.35%、17.90%,对照组分别为22.22%、61.11%、16.67%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);COPD组IL-1β基因+3954位点CC、CT、TT基因型频率分别为87.04%、12.96%、0.00%,对照组分别为90.12%、9.26%、0.62%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。COPD组IL-1β基因-511位点C、T等位基因频率分别为51.23%和48.77%,对照组为52.78%和47.22%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);COPD组IL-1β基因-31位点C、T等位基因频率分别为50.93%和49.07%,对照组为52.78%和47.22%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);COPD组IL-1β基因+3954位点C、T等位基因频率分别为93.52%和6.48%,对照组为94.75%和5.25%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)COPD组IL-1β基因-31C:+3954T单体型频率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)COPD组血清IL-1β水平([3.96±0.35)ng/ml]明显高于对照组([2.69±0.14)ng/ml],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 IL-1β基因-511、-31、+3954位点C/T多态性与COPD无关,IL-1β基因-31C:+3954T单体型频率可能与汉族人群COPD的发病有关联。     

干扰素调节因子3基因多态性检查在慢性淋巴细胞白血病患者中的预后价值

目的研究干扰素调节因子3(IRF3)基因多态性在慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)患者中的表达,探讨其基因型在CLL预后中的意义。方法采用变性高效液相色谱法(DHPLC)对患者样本进行基因分型,对IRF3基因的3个位点rs7251、rs1140375和rs2304206进行单体基因型分析,同期检测常规预后相关指标。结果 CLL患者经过治疗后,rs7251各基因型中无事件生存率(EFS)分别为:32.0%(杂合型CG和突变型GG)和72.7%(野生型CC),CC基因型患者EFS明显高于携带CG+GG基因型患者。rs2304206各基因型中EFS分别为28.2%(杂合型CT和突变型TT)和62.5%(野生型CC),CC基因型患者EFS高于携带CT+TT基因型患者;rs7251位点的杂合型CG和突变型GG基因型、rs2304206位点的杂合型CT和突变型TT基因型的ZAP-70、CD38表达率明显高于表达rs7251位点的野生型CC和表达rs2304206位点的野生型CC基因型,上述差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 IRF-3基因多态性与汉族人群CLL预后相关,IRF-3基因多态性可能与ZAP-70、CD38两项临床预后指标具有相关性,IRF-3基因多态性检测可作为一个新的相对独立的CLL患者生存预后指标。     

中国人胰岛素受体基因EXON2-2257位点多态性与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 从群体角度探讨胰岛素抵抗与胰岛素受体基因多态性的关系。方法 用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对某一特定队列中国人群的胰岛素受体基因第二外显子(EXON2)进行扩增,并用PCR产物直接测序法对EXON2进行了单核苷酸序列分析。结果 在EXON2-2257位点测得单核苷酸多态性,在345人中表现为:纯合CC基因型237人,占68.70％,基因频率0.825;纯合TT基因型13人,占3.77％,基因频率0.175;杂合CT基因型95人,占27.54％,符合Hardy-Weinburg平衡(X2=0.2898,u=3-2=1,0.5相似文献   

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.